Showing papers on "Social change published in 2022"

The Relationship between Conflict and Social Change in the Perspective of Expert Theory: A Literature Review

Abstract: Conflict and social change are a couple that influences each other. Conflict inevitably drives social change. Social changes also inevitably lead to conflict. These conditions can manifest in large or small sizes. Every society that exists on this earth in their life will certainly experience what is called changes. The existence of these changes will be known if we compare by examining society at a particular time which we then compare with the state of society in the past. Changes that occur in society are a continuous process. This situation means that every society will, in fact, experience changes. This study aims to collect argumentative views on the relationship between conflict and social change. The conclusions of this study have a significant impact in providing illustrations and projections of what social situations occur before and after conflicts or social changes occur. This research is a discourse relation analysis research. This type of research analyzes the relationship between two or more variables and then describes each contextual factor. This study concludes that the argumentative view of implying and exposing the relationship of conflict to social change is vital and sensitive.

The Essence of Social Entrepreneurship through a Georgian Lens: Social Entrepreneurs’ Perspectives

Abstract: The attention to the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship has been especially enhanced during the current turbulent times, as social enterprises have a key role to play in solving social problems caused by the pandemic. Currently, social entrepreneurship is still an undeveloped area in Georgia, but it has the potential to contribute to the country’s economy and improve the social, ecological, and economic conditions of society. This paper analyses the concept in Georgia and explores social entrepreneurship from the social entrepreneurs’ perspective. A qualitative interview method was applied to collect the data for this study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the seventeen Georgian social entrepreneurs from May–June 2021. The research reveals the drivers of social entrepreneurs and investigates the financial sources of social enterprises. It also discusses the practice of social entrepreneurship in terms of preventing and supportive factors while adopting the concept in transition economies, particularly in Georgia. The research demonstrated an urgent need for legislation to regulate the field of social entrepreneurship and formalize it.

A research agenda for the study of social norm change

Abstract: Social norms have been investigated across many disciplines for many years, but until recently, studies mainly provided indirect, implicit and correlational support for the role of social norms in driving behaviour. To understand how social norms, and in particular social norm change, can generate a large-scale behavioural change to deal with some of the most pressing challenges of our current societies, such as climate change and vaccine hesitancy, we discuss and review several recent advances in social norm research that enable a more precise underpinning of the role of social norms: how to identify their existence, how to establish their causal effect on behaviour and when norm change may pass tipping points. We advocate future research on social norms to study norm change through a mechanism-based approach that integrates experimental and computational methods in theory-driven, empirically calibrated agent-based models. As such, social norm research may move beyond unequivocal praising of social norms as the missing link between self-interested behaviour and observed cooperation or as the explanation for (the lack of) social tipping. It provides the toolkit to understand explicitly where, when and how social norms can be a solution to solve large-scale problems, but also to recognize their limits. This article is part of the theme issue 'Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies'.

Confucian Education and Utopianism: The Classics-reading Movement and its Potential for Social Change

Abstract: China’s contemporary classics-reading movement (dujing yundong) has grown significantly since its emergence in the 2000s but remains little researched and is so far only known as part of the revival of Confucianism on the popular level. This study, based on ethnographic field research in ten Chinese cities, discusses the movement’s character under the lens of the grounded utopian movement theory and combines this with the civil sphere theory to exhibit the movement’s potential for social change under China’s specific socio political conditions. While activists hope that reciting and memorising Confucian classics will cultivate virtuous individuals (junzi) who will change Chinese society from the bottom up, this study shows that involved parents, teachers, and headmasters have greater potential to bring about social change. The space to induce change, however, is fragile.

Balancing ecological and social goals in PES design – Single objective strategies are not sufficient

Abstract: Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are key instruments to foster environmental conservation and, arguably, social development goals. PES are, however, commonly designed based on a single environmental objective (e.g., conservation of native forest areas), and expected to simultaneously fulfil social goals which are rarely evaluated. Thus, to meet social goals, PES design needs to transcend single environmental objectives. Here, we evaluate the performance of three PES strategies composed of different targeting criteria. The strategies were (1) conserving native forest cover, (2) production of a specific ecosystem service (ES) based on a single ecological objective and (3) production of a specific ES based on multiple social and ecological objectives. We illustrate the performance of the three PES strategies for a forest dominated rural area in southern Chile using a Surface Measure Overall Performance (SMOP) analysis. We evaluate the outcomes of the three strategies based on ten ecological and social criteria, namely ecosystem service supply productivity, threats to ES supply, farm property size, social vulnerability, indigenous status of land tenure, landscape connectivity, proportion of native forest cover, number of targeted properties, number of small-sized targeted properties, and proportion of ES supply. Strategies based on a single objective (1 and 2) resulted in higher scores for the criteria landscape connectivity and ES productivity, while failing to improve social goals by targeting mainly large non-indigenous properties. In contrast, the multiple-objective strategy (3) achieved a better balance between ecological and social criteria and targeted mainly small-sized properties belonging to indigenous landowners. Our results show that selecting sound PES objectives is key to achieving a balance between social and ecological goals in forest-dominated rural landscapes threatened by land use change. Relying on commonly employed single objective PES strategies is not sufficient to foster sustainable development.

OUP accepted manuscript

Abstract: Gender and Social Movements is a worthwhile read in that it contributes to intersectionality research by describing, explaining, and exploring the structural and socially constructed elements of how gender impacts activism, activists, social movements, and social change. Each of the main chapters end with three useful elements: “Sources to Explore,” “Questions to Consider,” and “Reflection.” These elements make for a thoughtful learning experience in the classroom, in a book club, or as a noteworthy read for early career scholars studying social movements, collective behavior, social change, and intersectionality. Reger’s analysis of how gender impacts social movements substantiated with examples from a multitude of social movements from the early twentieth century to the most current social movements of the twenty-first century. However, as a reader, I was left with wanting a more in-depth description and analysis of the key movements included in the research. For the topics I know well, the...

Coach Education and Coach Development within a Contemporary Social Justice Society: Implications for Future Research and Potential Pitfalls

Abstract: ABSTRACT Literature discussing youth sport coaching indicates the importance of a holistic coaching approach, particularly related to the use of positive youth development (PYD) approaches promoting the development and transfer of life skills. However, in the shadow of recent sociopolitical movements such as Black Lives Matter and Me Too, raised awareness of mental health concerns and an ongoing global pandemic, there are calls for a reimagined perspective of PYD through a social justice worldview. The purpose of the current article is to posit how coach education programs and coach development systems can inclusively meet the diverse needs of coaches, youth athletes, and society alike. Specifically, two questions guided the development of this article: 1) Why should coach education and coach development integrate social justice life skills? and 2) How may social justice life skills be integrated into coach education and coach development? Ultimately, as researchers and coach developers, we must not only be advocates for social justice in youth sports, but critically engaged activists who progress youth – and societal – development forward.

Envisioning Change: An Empirical Test of the Social Psychological Model of Utopian Thinking and Collective Action

Abstract: This article provides the first empirical evidence of the theoretical model by Badaan et al. (2020) that proposes social psychological mechanisms whereby utopian thinking, which activates the social imagination, could enhance collective action intentions geared toward progressive social change. We anticipated that imagining better societies via utopian thinking would (a) increase social hope, (b) promote an abstract mindset that bridges psychological distance between the status quo in the present and the imagined, better future, (c) attenuate system justification motives, and (d) enhance social change-oriented collective action intentions. Using a structural equation modeling approach, our study provides preliminary support for some postulates of the theoretical model, paving the way for future research to further disentangle the psychological mechanisms by which utopian thinking influences collective action geared toward social change.

Lifelong Learning and Development for Social Workers

Abstract: Aim. In the paper, the authors demonstrate the influence of the education and educational level of social workers on the quality of social work as a profession that helps people in unfavorable situation. They point to the importance of lifelong learning, which is essential for advancing the knowledge and competences of social workers in practice. Concept. Lifelong education for social workers is currently a necessity for their functioning not only on the basis of the rapid, dynamic changes in their problems and social clients, but also for rapid and dynamic changes in the use of methods and techniques of social work. Method. The study deals with the educational development of employees in the profession of social worker. It defines and identifies forms of continuous education of social workers, which can have different methods and which can result in different competencies of a social worker. Results. The study confirms that the lifelong learning of social workers requires constant access to support and information about education, but also to set opportunities and thus facilitate access to the education of social workers. It is necessary to realise that the competences of the social worker must be in accordance with the education that the social worker has. Conclusion. The scientific articles and contributions that we offer in this study point to lifelong learning, which has the effect of expanding the possibilities of a social worker’s work with several types of clients, increases his competences and thus acquires a lot of knowledge and skills that are subsequently applied in practice.

The role of religion in civic engagement of young people from diverse cultures in Hong Kong

Abstract: Young people have ascribed a key role in social development, and promoting positive youth civic participation is a shared global agenda. Youth with a religious faith tend to be more concerned with ...

Examination of Turkish Middle School Students’ National Belonging Levels in Terms of Different Variables

Abstract: Accepted: 12.07.2021 The purpose of this study was to determine middle school students’ national belonging levels in terms of different variables. In this quantitative study, middle school students’ views on national belonging were determined by the “National Belonging Scale for Middle School Students”. The study was conducted with 1318 middle school students in Niğde province of Turkey during the Spring term of the 2019-2020 academic year. Research data were collected through “National Belonging Scale for Middle School Students” and were analysed with SPSS 24 software package. According to the study results, middle school students had a high positive view of their national belonging. Their gender did not make a statistical difference in terms of both reasons and results of their national belonging. On the other hand, students’ views on national belonging differed in terms of their grade level. Again, although there was no difference between the public and private schools in terms of reasons of their national belonging, there was a statistically significant difference between them in terms of the results of their national belonging in favor of the public school. Another difference was determined between Turkish and refugee students’ national belonging. Turkish students’ mean scores of reasons and results of their national belonging were statistically higher than the refugee students’ mean scores. Considering national belonging in terms of each variable, middle school students’ national belonging can be strengthened with some activities that can be done within the scope of the implicit program as well as the educational activities carried out within the curriculum at schools. Social Studies is the most important course into which works on this subject can be integrated.

Spiritual Development with Changes in the Social Behavior of Christian Prisoners

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Spiritual Guidance and Changes in Social Behavior of Prisoners in Class 1A Penitentiary Cipinang, Jakarta, Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative survey research methodology. The data collection technique applied a Likert scale with four answer choices which were distributed to 87 inmates and 40 respondents were sampled. Ethical clearnce was obtained to conduct the research. The results showed that the Spiritual Development variable had a score above the average of 21 prisoners or 77.5%, so it can be said that the Spiritual Development of inmates was good. Meanwhile, the variable of Change in Social Behavior of Prisoners is above the average of 18 inmates or 70%, so it can be said that the Change of Social Behavior of Prisoners is also good. The results of data processing thus clearly showed that there is a correlation between the variables of Spiritual Development and Changes in Social Behavior of Prisoners of 0.528 or 52.8%. This means that the applied Spiritual Guidance has a positive role in Changes in Social Behavior of Prisoners in Class 1A Penitentiary Cipinang, Jakarta, Indonesia. This article is an important contribution for Christian counselors and educators to further guide them in improving the spiritual development of inmates as a pattern of social behavior change, because it can also serve the purpose of improving the personality of prisoners.

Social and economic prerequisites of strategic development of universities in the conditions of war and post-war period

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to study current social and economic prerequisites of the strategic development of higher educational institutions (universities) in the conditions of war and post-war period.The theoretical significance of the article is that, based on the authors’ analysis, the social and economic prerequisites for the strategic development of universities in the conditions of war and post-war period are characterized; a comprehensive analysis of political, economic, social and demographic and technological factors that cause opportunities/threats to the strategic development of universities is presented.The practical significances of the article are that the main challenges that will hinder the strategic development of universities in the conditions of war and post-war period were highlighted; strategic tasks for universities based on current peculiarities of social and economic environment are proposed.It is substantiated that in the process of strategic development of universities it is advisable to conduct an in-depth comprehensive analysis of political, economic, social and demographic and technological factors that directly affect or will likely affect their (universities) strategic goals and objectives. The method of PEST analysis was used to comprehensively characterize the set of the most significant factors of influence.It is determined that the significant political factors are large-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation, domestic political center-oriented processes and prevailing of populist paradigms, national policy on economic development/global leadership/competitiveness. Among the economic factors are significant losses of social and economic potential of the country's regions, significant destruction of infrastructure, loss of human potential due to external migration, rising unemployment, loss of export positions, relocation of business from the occupied territories.Among the social and demographic factors, it was substantiated significant migration flows, declining of pace of population reproduction, accelerating the aging process, increasing the share of single-parent families, the unity of Ukrainian society in the direction of countering the enemy, a high level of patriotism, the formation of a democratic political nation and civil society, responsibility, ability to radically change the further history of Ukraine.The key challenges that create opportunities/threats for the strategic development of universities are identified: the need to restore the material and technical base, human resources and research infrastructure of universities, bringing training programs in line with regional labor markets, introduction of retraining/adult training programs, optimization and reengineering of business processes, providing flexibility in responding to changing conditions, introducing the concept of result-based university management, increasing the level oftechnologization and digitalization of business processes, strengthening the research component in activities along with deepening the level of international partnership.Strategic vectors of development of universities during post-war period are proposed: the need to intensify cooperation with partners, focus on research aimed at overcoming the greatest societal challenges, involving a wide range of stakeholders in the process of co-production and innovation, building "smart specialization" of each university, implementation of certain principles (positioning of university, synergy, integration, technological development, involvement, optimality) in the process of strategizing, incorporation of ICT in order to improve internal business processes of universities, widespread implementation of the so-called partnership model of university management, implementation of communicative and information function in cooperation with refugees, accelerating training of engineering and technological specialties.

Strengthening the Character of the Nation through the Social Movement of Zikir

Abstract: This research aims to prove the benefits of zikir that contribute positively to the strengthening of the character of the nation. The approach used in this research was qualitative, and data collection used interview, observation, and documentation techniques, with 6 informants involved in it. Data validity assurance technique was conducted by extending the time of data collection, persistence of observation, data triangulation, and conducting negative case analysis. The results of this study were: (1) The concept of social thoughts in building social movements and to be implemented in the civilization based on three things, namely: social of right society (الصفحة في المتواحدة االمة), social of law society (القانونية في المتواحدة االمة) and social gathering of philosophy (الفالسفية في المتواحدة االمة); (2) Forms of activities developed in their social movements through theological thinking based on social movements, including recitation, Tahlilan, Zikir Akbar and Haul Majelis Zikir; (3) The inhibiting and supporting factors of the theological thought movement and the social movement of thought in building the social movement, which are the clear management and the congregation that are Istiqomah in participating in the activities

Some lessons from Italian social cooperatives: 1970–2020

Abstract: The Italian social cooperative is the first form of social enterprise in Europe. The article explores social cooperative entrepreneurship in Italy through a discussion of the formation of social cooperative movement and the promotion of the innovation in the social services sector. Social cooperatives are an original form of social enterprise that meets people's needs through the work inclusion of disadvantaged people and the organization of social and other services of general interest. The article examines also how the social cooperatives looking to the future and to the new challenges of the social and environmental issues and the transformation of the welfare, investing in innovation and the sustainable economy.

Study on the Dynamic Evolution and Regional Differences of the Level of High-Quality Economic and Social Development in China

Abstract: Analyzing the dynamic evolution and regional differences of the level of high-quality economic and social development based on the perspective of long time can be beneficial for informing the effect of the economy in China. This study builds a development evaluation index system oriented to high-quality economic and social development in five directions. To deepen the analysis, TOPSIS entropy is used to measure the level of economic and social development of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019, considering the temporal characteristics and evolution laws of four regions. Dagum’s Gini coefficient method is also applied to measure regional differences and discover driving factors. There are three key results. First, the comprehensive development index runs well; however, the index of economic momentum, innovationability, and safety assurance differ significantly. There is obvious path dependence, demonstrating a spatial gradient, with development that is high in the east, moderate in the central part, and low in the west. Second, the trend of the comprehensive development index of each province is gratifying, but there are obvious differences in the three dimensions of economic momentum, innovation ability, and security index. Third, the overall development coordination of the four regions is weak—that is, the levels of economic and social development oriented to high-quality intensified differentiation; it will be difficult to close the regional gap in the short term, given the development heterogeneity among regions. To promote the formation of a new, balanced pattern of regional development of high quality with complementary advantages, the four regions should be targeted in a double cycle of implementing regional development strategies and enhancing development coordination. Attention should also be paid to the growth pole function of advanced regions, complementing the advantages of other regions, and ultimately promoting high-quality development jointly.

Social Position and Social Status: An Institutional and Relational Sociological Conception

Abstract: Abstract In this article, I discuss the concepts of social position and social status, the types of social position, as well as the determinedness of social statuses by the given positions in a new approach. In the first, introductory part of the article, I emphasize that the institutional sociological conception of social position in my approach is relatively closest to the structuralist position conception. In the second part, I introduce two different concepts, labelled social position and social status, and briefly review the social determinedness of social status. In the third part, social positions are typified from the point of view of the two components of social position: on the one hand, from that of social power relations and on the other from that of interest relations. I point out that the different social positions promote the realization of interests to different degrees, that is, they make it possible to attain different social statuses. In a related article, I illustrate the concepts and connections in question with a case study carried out on an industrial shop floor.

Fuzzy Technologies for Modeling Social Capital in the Emergent Economy

Abstract: Developed fuzzy mathematic model of identification of emergent state allows estimating the intensity of occurrence of positive emergent in the course of development of social capital. The main factors influencing the decision-making process regarding the emergent social capital have been determined. The system of social capital development is considered. As a result of modeling, we have chosen the indicator Esc - the level of emergence of social capital, which will assess the level of influence of drivers on the level of development of social capital in the modern information society of the emergent economy. The results of the study show that the indicator of the level of emergent social capital is formed on the basis of sources of structural, cognitive, relational, intellectual dimensions and dynamic processes of development of the digital environment, which promotes interaction and forms social network connections. Application of fuzzy logic in mathematic models of identification of the emergent state allows to take into account the national characteristics of the object of study and traditional and non-economic factors, at the same time, focuses on social interaction in the professional activities of the society.

The Landscape of Social Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Georgia

Abstract: After the breakdown of Soviet Communism, Georgia like other soviet republics has been transforming from administrative command economies to market economies. This transformation has caused changes in economic, social, and political domains offering new market opportunities in entrepreneurship.Yet, social entrepreneurship is still an undeveloped area. The concept aims at solving social problems and facilitates the effective implementation of Sustainable Development Goals.Through innovation and business operations social entrepreneurs contribute to the economy while addressing social issues. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of social entrepreneurship in Georgia, examines social entrepreneurship practices, analyzes the activities of social enterprises, and discusses their missions. Overall, 63 social enterprises were studied. The presented article contributes to the broad investigation of social entrepreneurship in post-soviet Georgia and paves the way for further empirical studies of the challenges and opportunities from social entrepreneurs’ perspectives.

Social entrepreneurship as a innovative tool for human potential development

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of social entrepreneurship in relation to human development. The main approaches to the definition of social enterprise as a manifestation of social entrepreneurship, the essence of its characteristics and main areas of activity are analyzed. The differences of the financial side of social entrepreneurship from traditional, commercial organizations are revealed. Globalization and active participation of people in the virtual Internet environment have led to the creation of a crowdfunding model of financing the activities of social enterprises. The main potential of this model is the active involvement of the population in financing innovative social projects placed on the crowdfunding platform, attracting foreign and domestic investors. The study of the state of development of social entrepreneurship in Zaporozhye is carried out, the problems and perspective directions of activity of social enterprises are outlined. It is concluded that social entrepreneurship may well become a mass movement in Ukraine. The strength of positive changes for this is a number of prerequisites: the historical heritage of charitable activities; expanding the activities of the non-profit sector and spreading the practice of social responsibility of Ukrainian business; significant creative (inventive) potential of Ukrainian citizens; the tendency of the business environment to adopt foreign experience and implement it considering national peculiarities. Given the successful combination of economic resources and human potential, the spread of social entrepreneurship will: solve many social problems and contradictions, distributing part of the state functions between business entities and local communities; to involve a wide range of sections of the population in entrepreneurial activity, which, as a result, will allow building a new socio-economic structure of society; build a socially oriented economy; increase economic growth. It is established that social entrepreneurship can become a driver of economic growth in Ukraine if it regulates and implements effective mechanisms to stimulate social enterprises, expand government programs and initiatives aimed at its promotion and development.