Showing papers on "Social network published in 1975"

Sociological Theory and Social Control

Abstract: In the origins of sociology, "social control" served as a central concept both for relating sociology to social philosophy and for analyzing total societies. In its classical sense, it referred to the capacity of a social group to regulate itself. The concept supplied a basis for integration of theory and research until the 1930s. While the traditional usage of social control has persisted, the term has been redefined to mean either socialization or social repression. Either the classical meaning must be utilized or a new term must be developed to refer to the capacity of social groups to effect self-regulation if theory and research are to deal with macrosociology under advanced industrialism.

The exit of social mobility and the voice of social change : Notes on the social psychology of intergroup relations:

Abstract: As I Ishared until recently the puzzlement of M. Jourdain in not knowing that I was writing prose, it would perhaps be appropriate to introduce these notes with an account of a brief encounter. Early in March 1974, I was spending a few days in Cambridge, Mass., on my way to deliver some lectures at the University of Michigan. When visiting some friends, I met for the first time Albert Hirschman who a little later in the evening asked me the kind of question that no well-drilled academic ever should in such circumtances take seriously or, even less, answer seriously : what was I going to talk about at Ann Arbor? But the question was asked with great courtesy and apparent interest; therefore I briefly answered in (I hope) no more than five minutes. Next morning, Hirschman appeared bearing a &dquo;slim volume&dquo; with the inscription: &dquo;Pour Henri Tajfel, avec le pressentiment d’un dialogue&dquo;. The book was his Exit, voice and loyalty 1. The present notes are a first step towards validating the self-fulfilling prophecy of that inscription. Amongst the major themes of the Ann Arbor lectures (Tajfel, 1974a) 2

Social exchange in marketing

Abstract: Exchange is a fundamental and universal aspect of human behavior. Economic exchange models have dealt with the buying and selling of material goods and services, while social exchange models have broadened their scope to include social and psychological aspects of interactions. In its present form, however, the social exchange model exhibits serious shortcomings for the marketing scholar and practitioner; it is largely atheoretical, unrealistic, narrow in applicability, and lacking in its depiction of important facets of man's behavior. In light of these criticisms, the notion of an exchange system is proposed and illustrated as an explanatory framework. Finally, it is suggested that marketing can be viewed as a component of the social system functioning as both a cause and consequence of social change.

Social theory and the family

Abstract: Come with us to read a new book that is coming recently. Yeah, this is a new coming book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be. It will not make you feel so hard to enjoy your life. Even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it. Hard will be felt when you have no ideas about what kind of book to read. Or sometimes, your reading material is not interesting enough.

Social Psychology and Cultural Analysis

Abstract: This is a particularly good time to reexamine research priorities and paradigms in social psychology. Much of social psychology today is like a torrent of water that has reached a mountain ridge and is unable to find an exit toward the sea. Most of it consists of going around in circles.

Comment on Gergen's "Social Psychology as History":

Abstract: A recent article by Gergen suggests that social psychology cannot reasonably aspire to the general time-independent laws that are characteristic of the physical sciences. Consideration of this thesis suggests that the underlying rationale may place undue reliance on the effects of psychological enlightenment, and on the individual's needs to demonstrate his behavioral freedom and uniqueness. A tentative generali zation suggests that the processes underlying social behavior may be relatively stable, but that they operate on an endless variety of social contents (conditions) to yield the diverse social behaviors and relation ships that we observe.

On the study of urban social movements

Abstract: The article makes a critical assessment of the approach to urban protest developed by Manuel Castells and colleagues. Problems are identified in the definition of the term urban social movement, the identifation of their effects and the theoretical assumptions made about the central and local state. The approach is shown to neglect the mobilization process, and to ignore effects obtained by conventional institutional methods of demand-making. The advantages of a social network approach to mobilization are shown.

Meta-power and relational control in social life:

Abstract: Power and social control are typically conceptualized and investigated in terms of interpersonal or intergroup relationships in which one actor tries to get another to do something, usually against the latter’s will (e.g., Blau, 1964). The object of power is more or less direct behavioral control. However, such an approach to the study of power captures only a part of the power activities of groups, organizations, and states. A large, and historically more important part involves attempts to structure or re-structure the social and cultural matrix within which power activities are to

Sociology and the Human Experience

Abstract: Sociology as a Discipline, A Science and A Perspective Socialization: Human Beings as Social Beings Culture as the Fabric of Human Society Social Deviance Social Organization: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Social Stratification as a Form of Social Inequality Minority Status as a Form of Social Inequality The Basic Social Institutions Working and Work Organizations Collective Behavior and Social Change Ecology, Population and Ageing in the 1980's The Human Experience: From Where? to Where? References Glossary Photo Credits Name Index Subject Index.

Policy Analysis as an Applied Social Science Discipline

Abstract: In the contemporary university, training and research in applied fields coexist with parallel activities in basic scientific disciplines. But even within the latter-and especially in the social sciences-there are researchers who choose their problems by standards that originate not within the disciplines and their paradigms, but &dquo;outside the discipline, in the world of action&dquo; (Coleman, 1972: 3). One such specialty is evaluation research, which derives its problems from the goals of organizations or of research sponsors who wish to evaluate them. A second and related field is the study of social indicators, which though concerned with the measurement and explanation of social change, often centers about

Explanation and Education in Social Work

Abstract: SUMMARY Social work education has to confront the problem of working with students in develop ing an understanding of the range of explanations that exist in the social sciences and the different bases of these explanations. One pedagogic approach is to explore a map of categories of explanation based upon different conceptions of the nature of social science knowledge itself. Such a map, outlined in the paper, would distinguish between physical science paradigms and human science paradigms and identify the different implications for social work of the various viewpoints. The teacher cannot remain neutral with regard to explanation in the social sciences ; the author therefore indicates that his own account is based on a marxist perspective. In earlier years, the student in social work education rarely found himself faced with basic epistemological problems in his learning; the philosophy of the social sciences and the sociology of knowledge were not crucial elements in the curriculum. Frequently, he was presented with a highly simplistic approach to explanation in the social sciences and its relation ship to social work diagnosis and other professional activities. At the psychological level of understanding, for example, psychoanalytic explana tions tended to dominate the scene, and more recently sociological ex planations of a structural-functional kind held a monopoly position in social work education, certainly in the U.S.A. and Britain. The position is now, of course, changing. Not only are rival and con flicting explanations of human behaviour and social structure explored in social work education but many of these different perspectives are based on different criteria of explanation itself. In other words, the answer to the question 'What shall we count as evidence ?' is itself subject to dispute and demands the exploration of a number of different philosophical approaches to the bases of explanation. It is a major challenge to social work education to provide a means for students to find their way around these different approaches. The purpose of this brief paper is to share a scheme which the author has developed as a teaching and discussion device to enable students to

Alienation, Urbanisation, and Social Networks in the Sudan

Abstract: Urbanisation is often held to be responsible for social disorder and alienation In fact, the stresses experienced in the process of urbanisation can produce both a breakdown and/or a reinforcement of patterns of social association Many scholars have discarded the term ‘alienation’ because of its multiplicity of meanings, but I believe that when the word is defined in terms of social network ‘density’ there is considerable utility for social scientific interpretation Even in relatively similar urban communities, small differences in network density have important manifestations in the types of response to urbanisation