Showing papers on "Social network published in 1978"
2,169 citations
472 citations
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28 Jun 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors see science as a social activity, and see the problems of the social control of science as being planned and unplanned, as opposed to spontaneous and spontaneous.
Abstract: The author, seeing science as a social activity, directs our attention to the problems of the social control of science. He discusses the sense in which science as a social activity is planned and unplanned.
365 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that social network concepts and methods can provide a unifying framework for social research on schizophrenia and may help resolve some basic and persistent methodological and conceptual problems.
Abstract: This article suggests that social network concepts and methods can provide a unifying framework for social research on schizophrenia. A selective review of the literature indicates that a social network perspective is not only consistent with a range of other research approaches and findings, but may help resolve some basic and persistent methodological and conceptual problems. A theoretical model is briefly described which attributes a critical role in the onset and recurrence of schizophrenia to social network processes. Some examples are given of the potential contribution of social network variables to research and therapy in schizophrenia.
187 citations
175 citations
TL;DR: The major findings are that the type of husband-wife relationship is significantly related to help-seeking efforts; friends and close kin are the most common sources of assistance; and kin and friends provide certain specialized forms of help-seekers.
79 citations
TL;DR: The results (for 111 sixth-grade children from three contrasting neighborhood schools) shed some light on age segregation and the overall heterogeneity of the social environments of children facing the transition to adolescence.
Abstract: This article reports the first results of the three-year longitudinal study of the social maps of children beginning the transition to adolescence. This exploratory study is guided by Bronfenbrenner's conception of the ecology of human development, stressing the importance of a phenomenological orientation to development in the context of ecological transitions. The study focuses on characteristics of children's social networks (the web of relationships in which the individual is involved) as a function of neighborhood type, socioeconomic status, and level of physical maturation. The social heterogeneity of the social network (e.g., the relative salience of peers versus adults) is a primary concern. The child's and parent's perceptions of the network, of the people available to help the child, and the child's friends are compared within the context of ecological, socioeconomic, and maturational factors. The results (for 111 sixth-grade children from three contrasting neighborhood schools) shed some light on age segregation and the overall heterogeneity of the social environments of children facing the transition to adolescence. They provide a context and a baseline for the longitudinal study.
79 citations
TL;DR: This article found that academic departments are not appropriate units for describing the pattern of research communication among university faculty, at least in the physical sciences, and that university social structure can foster an integrative social network which is multidisciplinary in composition.
Abstract: Findings are presented that describe the pattern of research communication among faculty in the six physical science departments of an elite American university. The findings provide a basis for modifying and extending Peter Blau's analysis of the relationship between university social structure and the pattern of communication among university faculty. Blau regards the formation of integrative multidisciplinary social networks within university communities as highly problematic; he suggests that academic departments are the primary site of integrative social networks within universities. My findings suggest that academic departments are not appropriate units for describing the pattern of research communication among university faculty, at least in the physical sciences, and that university social structure can foster an integrative social network which is multidisciplinary in composition. Proposals are introduced that relate facets of university social structure to the formation of integrative multidisci...
79 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that a major social function of the information in social studies textbooks is to provide formal justification for and legitimation of ongoing institutional practices, and argued that such explanations represent what Silberman and Shaver have called educator "mindlessness" or inattention to critical thought.
Abstract: Several critics have suggested that elementary social studies texts present a naive image of society by not including information on political or other social conflict, and by presenting students with an overly positive view of the benevolence and accountability of political authority. One explanation for the unrealistic information chosen for students in their elementary social studies texts is that it represents what Silberman and Shaver have called educator “mindlessness” or inattention to critical thought. The present paper attempts to counter this type of explanation by discussing the possible social meanings of social studies knowledge. It is argued that a major social function of the information in social studies textbooks is to provide formal justification for and legitimation of ongoing institutional practices.
TL;DR: Leslie and Korman as discussed by the authors have updated their research and added a glossary which will be helpful to undergraduates, and included a short outline at the beginning of each chapter so as to provide a better overview of the material being covered.
Abstract: For the seventh edition of this popular work, Gerald Leslie and Sheila Korman have updated their research and added a glossary which will be helpful to undergraduates. In addition to expanding and revising many of the chapters, the authors have included a short outline at the beginning of each chapter so as to provide a better overview of the material being covered. The chapter concerning dual career families has been considerably extended and a new chapter on adoption has been added.
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey method for reconstructing an economy of time spent in interpersonal relationships was used as a measure of social network, with psychiatric patients showing themselves to be relatively impoverished.
Abstract: Evidence is given for the hypothesis of Miller and Ingham (1976) that psychological symptom levels are moderated by the presence of social supports. Psychiatric and family practice out-patients were found to differ markedly in the social network they participated in, with psychiatric patients showing themselves to be relatively impoverished. A survey method for reconstructing an economy of time spent in interpersonal relationships was used as a measure of social network.
TL;DR: In this article, positive solidarity and anti-institutional orientation are proposed as essential parts of a restricted but coherent definition to guide research on social movements, and some of the implications and advantages of this change in perspective are explored.
Abstract: The study of social movements is a part of sociology still ill-defined and poorly elaborated. Conventional formulations have borrowed a social-psychological perspective from the study of collective behavior. As a result, assumptions have been used that are unsuited to the nature of social movements. In this study I propose two criteria—positive solidarity and antiinstitutional orientation—as essential parts of a restricted but more coherent definition to guide research on social movements. I also explore briefly some of the implications and advantages of this change in perspective.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the way college students and their campus psychiatrists define and manage troubles, identifying specific aspects of the interpersonal situation critical to that process, and the labels eventually attached to troubles and the plans of action that are instituted derive their plausibility from the social assumptions of the collegiate community.
Abstract: In examining the way college students and their campus psychiatrists define and manage troubles, we identify specific aspects of the interpersonal situation critical to that process. The labels eventually attached to troubles and the plans of action that are instituted derive their plausibility from the social assumptions of the collegiate community. Furthermore, the way the situation is defined involves a process extending beyond the face-to-face negotiations of professionals and their clients. The influence of situational features such as the time and place of events, the structure of the social network, and specific persons involved are shown to exercise direct effects on how trouble is socially understood and managed. Attending primarily to the ideas and behavior of professionals, inside and outside the college, we discuss the importance of differing frames of reference emerging from membership. We also explicate some of the ways contextual features become defined as “contingencies” and are relegated to the background of practitioners' thinking. In so doing, they achieve an orderly reaffirmation of their professional ideas and the ability to act on the situation as they see it, sometimes at the cost of gross conceptual over-simplification. Considered as negotiated achievements of the persons involved, trouble and its management emerge as highly plastic social phenomena containing a multiplicity of potential alternative interpretations and rich possibilities for therapeutic improvisation.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the seven basic social acts and the triangle representation as a very useful set of tools in analyzing sociopolitical interactions, where each social act groups a set of inferences about the social situation it represents.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents the seven basic social acts and the triangle representation as a very useful set of tools in analyzing sociopolitical interactions. Each social act groups a set of inferences about the social situation it represents. A very large number of social conflicts, actions, and situations can be represented by combinations of this small set of social acts into causally connected structures. These larger structures, the triangles, are built from the social acts, their causal relations, plus some static information about the social situation not captured by the individual social acts. There is, however, a significant difference between the basic social acts and the primitive physical acts of CD: each social act may be decomposed into a structure built out of CD primitive acts, states, and causal connections. The development of social acts or equivalent structures for a different domain does not signify that are abandoning the primitive acts of CD. Each representation is useful in its own domain of understanding.
TL;DR: In a special issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin this article, the origin of the social network concept is described and the potential for network formation and cooperation with organized psychiatry is discussed.
Abstract: This article is an editor's introduction to the theme of a special issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin. The origin of the social network concept is described. Ideology, morale, structure, and the larger social context are identified as aspects of the social network to be examined in future research. Consumer organizations of schizophrenics and their families are described, and their potential for network formation and cooperation with organized psychiatry is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, three separate traditions of social psychology are considered: symbolic interactionism within American sociology, the contemporary French tradition of research on'repré,;entations sociales' and experimental social psychology.
Abstract: For the purposes of this paper I propose to consider three separate traditions of social psychology: (a) the symbolic interactionism traditioo within American sociology (b) the contemporary French tradition of research on ’repré,;entations sociales’ which looks back, for its inspiration, to Durkheim and (c) experimental social psychology,. The first two of these traditions are sociological in origins whilst the third is distinctly psychological. Each tradition is independent ot the other two and all tl~ree have developed in a curiously autonomous manner. Elsewhere I have sought to achieve
TL;DR: Anthropological social network studies are primarily of interest for an original formulation of the classic sociological problem of reconciling structural and action aspects of social organization as discussed by the authors, however, these studies have produced disappointing substantive results owing to serious methodological and theoretical difficulties.
TL;DR: The second social psychology as discussed by the authors is a type of social psychology that goes beyond the walls of the laboratory and looks at social relations in field settings, dealing with issues of socialization, processes of motivation, and problems of group relations.
Abstract: The papers by Newcomb, McGrath, Berkowitz, and Manis concentrate heavily upon the experimental work of the laboratory. But social psychology goes beyond the walls of the laboratory and looks at social relations in field settings. In dealing with issues of socialization, processes of motivation, and problems of group relations, our contributors (Fairchild, Gurin, Seitz, Zigler, and Veroff) have utilized data from surveys, case studies, and natural observations because these more complex problems are difficult to approach in molecular fashion in the experimental laboratory. In general, we have given less attention in this issue to the progress which has been made in field studies than to that of the laboratory. In this final article, therefore, we would like to emphasize the development of a social psychology that joins hands with the other social sciences in the study of the social world-the second social psychology. This is similar but not identical to the distinction between a psychological and a sociological type of social psychology. It refers both to methods and concepts. The second type of social psychology to which we refer contributes to economic and political as well as sociological issues. It is psychological in its datagathering, in seeking observations and measures on individuals, but it is system-oriented with respect to theory and concepts. Since its inception. at the beginning of the century, we have had two social psychologies rather than one: experimental and field. The experimental approach received its initial major impetus from the laboratory work of Allport (1924) on social facilitaiion and social conformity. It follows closely the experimental techniques of individual psychology and
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a multivariate regression analysis revealed that neither network connectedness nor the strength of the respondent's emotional ties to the network had any explanatory power, and the two variables that accounted for most of the 29 percent explained variance were the number of wife's network members shared by her husband and SES.
Abstract: In her classic study, Family and Social Network, Bott (1971) argued that the connectedness of a married person's social network was negatively related to his/her marital integration. Using a sample of 686 married Irish women in Cork City this hypothesis was tested, and the results of a multivariate regression analysis revealed that neither network connectedness nor the strength of the respondent's emotional ties to the network had any explanatory power. The two variables that accounted for most of the 29 percent explained variance were the number of wife's network members shared by her husband and SES. A reconceptualization of the Bott hypothesis incorporating these findings, with networks seen as compensatory rather than mediating mechanisms, is oftered.
TL;DR: Etiological factors are reviewed, with attention to differential diagnosis and treatment issues, including the role of a therapeutic relationship, the impact on the person's social network and prognosis are discussed.
Abstract: Paranoid states are a frequent and often disturbing disorder in the elderly, but treatment potentials are often overlooked. Etiological factors are reviewed, with attention to differential diagnosis. Treatment issues, including the role of a therapeutic relationship, the impact on the person's social network, and prognosis, are discussed.