Topic
Social system
About: Social system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2974 publications have been published within this topic receiving 92395 citations.
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify five major contributions to a theoretical foundation of human resource management (HRM) based on the view of social systems as autopoietically closed systems: (1) the conceptualisation of organizing and managing human resources as social processes, thus overcoming an individualistic angle; (2) the new importance of individuals as essential element in the system's environment; (3) the abstention form far reaching or highly unrealistic assumptions about the 'nature' of human beings; (4) the interaction between various levels and units of analysis built into the theory
Abstract: Social systems theory as developed by Niklas Luhmann is an option for the theoretical foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM). After clarifying the advantages of using a grand (social) theory as the basic theoretical perspective, the roots of this social systems theory – the deterministic view of systems as machines, the open systems approach and non-linear systems theory – are addressed. Based on the view of social systems as autopoietically closed systems, five major contributions to a theoretical foundation of HRM are identified: (1) the conceptualisation of organising and managing human resources as social processes, thus overcoming an individualistic angle; (2) the new importance of individuals as essential element in the system’s environment; (3) the abstention form far reaching or highly unrealistic assumptions about the ‘nature’ of human beings; (4) the interaction between various levels and units of analysis built into the theory which is essential for comprehensive and in-depth analyses of HR phenomena and (5) the openness for additional theories for which social systems theory provides the overall framework.
13 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that participants perceived social actors as less trustworthy and the situation as more competitive after being primed with constructs related to the law, and made more competitive choices during a prisoner's dilemma game when they believed that social relations were basically zero-sum in nature.
13 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that business ethics is not capable of explaining the responsibility of limited organized collectives such as chains, sectors, and industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry to make AIDS blockers available for patients in Africa.
Abstract: This article shows that business ethics is not capable of explaining the responsibility of limited organised collectives such as chains, sectors and industries. The responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry to make AIDS blockers available for patients in Africa is an example of such a sector responsibility. By using system theory, it is possible to understand responsibility at the level of a social system. The Integrative Social Contracts Theory has been extended to determine this system’s responsibility.
13 citations
Book•
04 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the first systematic revision of Parson's theory of action following the publication of The Structure of Social Action is presented, which presents the distinctions among cognitive, affective, and moral dimensions of action systems that later were incorporated in The Social System.
Abstract: Written in 1939, this volume represents the first systematic revision of Parson's theory of action following the publication of The Structure of Social Action. It presents the distinctions among cognitive, affective, and moral dimensions of action systems that later were incorporated in The Social System. It also presents Parson's first formulations in functional theory.
13 citations
TL;DR: The traditional mutual help in Japanese society can be divided into three types: yui, reciprocity through exchanging labor; moyai, redistribution based on a common store of goods and resources; and tetsudai, non-reciprocal support in social rites of passage as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Japanese society has changed from the past as a result of modernization. However, there is one aspect of social action that has persisted at least in spirit. The purpose of the article is to show how traditional mutual help remains important, has been transformed in the transition to modernity, and has contributed to the continuing development of Japanese society. Mutual help can be divided into three types: yui, reciprocity through exchanging labor; moyai, redistribution based on a common store of goods and resources; and tetsudai, nonreciprocal support in social rites of passage. While these customs have almost disappeared from modern life, the tradition of mutual help is still manifest in some modern civic activities. The social system of mutual help arose from indigenous conditions in order to overcome the “tragedy of the commons.” Modern society might do well to reconsider such mutual help networks in search of ways of solving both public and private social problems in Japan and overseas as well.
13 citations