Showing papers on "Social theory published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the age distribution of crime is sufficiently invariant over a broad range of social conditions that these uses of the age distributions are not justified by available evidence.
Abstract: One of the few facts agreed on in criminology is the age distribution of crime. This fact has been used to criticize social theories of crime causation, to provide the foundation for other theories, to justify recent emphases on career criminals, and to support claims of superiority for longitudinal designs in criminological research. In the present paper, we argue that the age distribution of crime is sufficiently invariant over a broad range of social conditions that these uses of the age distribution are not justified by available evidence.
1,818 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary attempt to work out what a nonfunctionalist social theory which still retains the crucial element of determination would look like is made, and the paper is arranged in th...
Abstract: This paper is a preliminary attempt to work out what a nonfunctionalist social theory which still retains the crucial element of determination would look like. The paper is therefore arranged in th...
497 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The Second Edition of the Second edition of as discussed by the authors is a collection of essays about the second edition of a book entitled Other Religions Social Cement Social Opium Religion as Exchange Religion as Social Control Feudalism and Religion Individualism, Capitalism and Religion Religion and Political Legitimacy.
Abstract: Introduction to the Second Edition Other Religions Social Cement Social Opium Religion as Exchange Religion as Social Control Feudalism and Religion Individualism, Capitalism and Religion Religion and Political Legitimacy Religion and Global Politics cular Bodies and the Dance of Death Appendix What is Religion?
241 citations
Book•
01 Jul 1983
TL;DR: Class, Sports, and Social Development (CSDS) was published in 1983 and has been out of print since 1993 But no longer The new edition features the original ground-breaking text, a foreword by RW Connell of the University of Sydney, and a postscript by the author as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: When "Class, Sports, and Social Development" was published in 1983 it stood the world of sport sociology on its collective head The original edition brought social theory to sport studies and signaled sport sociology's coming of age Gruneau brilliantly captured the current conditions within the field and anticipated where it was going Unfortunately, this classic has been out of print since 1993 But no longer The new edition features the original ground-breaking text, a foreword by RW Connell of the University of Sydney, and a postscript by the authorIn his postscript Professor Gruneau places the book within a scholarly, historical context 15 years after its first printing He also explains how he might have written the book differently had he written it todayWhen you read this book you'll understand why "Contemporary Sociology" called the first edition "The most ambitious, provocative, and penetrating effort yet undertaken by a North American sociologist to locate sport within the framework of the classical tradition of sociological theory" If you already own the book, the new edition brings the author's perspective full circle And if you don't have a copy of the original you'll want to buy the new edition of "Class, Sports, and Social Development" to round out your collection of essential works in the field
189 citations
TL;DR: A new integrated theory of delinquency, grounded in Marxian insights on the role of productive relations in shaping other social relations, is developed and supported with empirical evidence from research representing a broad range of theoretical perspectives.
Abstract: Juvenile delinquency is understood as a latent outcome of the social reproduction process of capitalism. A structural-Marxist understanding of contradictory social relations that contour life in modern capitalism allows us to reinterpret and apply the insights from various criminology theories in building a new theoretical approach. A review and critique of the major theoretical perspectives in criminology are provided, and a structural-Marxist perspective on the larger social structural context is explicated. A new integrated theory of delinquency, grounded in Marxian insights on the role of productive relations in shaping other social relations, is developed and supported with empirical evidence from research representing a broad range of theoretical perspectives.
168 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that cultural values and immediate communal relations are crucial to many radical movements, and that the largely defensive goals of these movements must be radically incompatible with the introduction of modern capitalist-dominated social formations.
Abstract: An equation has often been made, especially but not exclusively by Marxists,between radicalism and the rational understanding of objective interests. I argue that, on the contrary, commitments to traditional cultural values and immediate communal relations are crucial to many radical movements, (a)because these commitments provide populations with the extent of internal social organization necessary to concerted, radical collective action, and (b) because the largely defensive goals of these movements must be radically incompatible with the introduction of modern capitalist-dominated social formations. Reformism is the characteristic stance of the modern working class, for both social and cultural reasons.
151 citations
141 citations
128 citations
Book•
30 Jun 1983
TL;DR: Penguin Classics as discussed by the authors is the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world, with more than 1,700 titles from more than seventy years published in the US.
Abstract: Theprovocative historical work on social economy, demography, and population control. Malthus' life's work on human population and its dependency on food production and the environment was highly controversial on publication in 1798. He predicted what is known as the Malthusian catastrophe, in which humans would disregard the limits of natural resources and the world would be plagued by famine and disease. He significantly influenced the thinking of Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace and his theories continue to raise important questions today in the fields of social theory, economics and the environment. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust theseries to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-datetranslations by award-winning translators."
Book•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Gender, Class and Education: A Personal View as mentioned in this paperocusing on the intersection of gender and class: Accommodation and resistance by working-class and Affluent Females to Contradictory Sex-Role Ideologies.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Gender, Class and Education: A Personal View 2. Intersections of Gender and Class: Accommodation and Resistance by Working-Class and Affluent Females to Contradictory Sex-Role Ideologies 3. Gender, Resistance and Power 4. Work, Class and Teaching 5. A Cloud over Co-Education: An Analysis of the Forms of Transmission of Class and Gender Relations 6. The Conservative School? Sex Roles at Home, at Work and at School 7. Gender, Patriarchy and Class in the Popular Education of Women 8. Women and Teaching: A Semi-Detached Sociology of a Semi-Profession 9. Sex, Education and Social Policy: A New Moral Economy? 10. Social Theory, Social Relations and Education 11. Gender, Class and Education: A Teaching Bibliography of European Studies 12. Gender, Class and Education: A Teaching Bibliography of Australian and New Zealand Studies 13. Gender, Class and Education: A Teaching Bibliography of American Studies
TL;DR: This paper argued that the qualitative research that did exist was relegated to the status of philosophy and summarily dismissed as "opinion" or social critique, and that social criticism both within and outside of social work was ignored.
Abstract: precisely from "hard data," rather than merely relying on the "soft ab stractions" of history, philosophy, and social theory. Throughout this period, qualitative research appeared to be in relative re treat. The qualitative research that did exist was relegated to the status of philosophy and summarily dismissed as "opinion" or social critique. In creasingly, social criticism both within and outside of social work was
TL;DR: In this article, Hekman argues that Weber's concept of the ideal type is methodologically sound and logically consistent and provides a common basis for the analysis of subjective meaning and structural forms.
Abstract: Max Weber's concept of the ideal type would seem to have fallen into neglect in contemporary social science. Professor Hekman argues that Weber's concept is methodologically sound and logically consistent. Inasmuch as it offers a common basis for the analysis of subjective meaning and structural forms it may provide a corrective to what she sees as the present methodological disarray in social theory.
TL;DR: The authors explored the place of folklore in the development of non-Soviet Marxism, specifically among selected and representative non-folklorists whom I will generally refer to as Western Marxists.
Abstract: MARXIST SOCIAL THEORY is enjoying an unparalleled influence in the contemporary intellectual life of the West, and its presence in the United States is no exception (Aronowitz 1981:ix). Well developed Marxist perspectives are increasingly evident in the social sciences, historiography, and literary criticism; so it is, perhaps, something of a surprise to discover the relative absence of a parallel discussion in folkloristics. The reasons for this absence and the possibilities for such a Marxist discourse particularly among English-speaking folklorists remain largely unexplored, although Fox has taken an initial step (1980). The present remarks are intended as another but more substantial initiative toward a continuing discussion. A full analysis of Marxist thought and folklore would require a discussion of several key topics: the status of folklore in the writings of Marx and Engels, the development of a Soviet folkloristics, the fate of Marxism in Western folkloristics, and conversely, the place of folklore in the development of Marxism outside the Soviet bloc and among Soviet dissidents. Previous discussions of these subjects have varied in quality and have lent an almost exclusive emphasis to Soviet practice or its rejection in the West (Dorson 1972; Fox 1980; Oinas 1973; Oinas and Soudakoff 1975; Sokolov 1950; Williams 1975; Zemljanova 1963). In a larger study in progress I discuss all of these areas and elaborate my theoretical views on the subject. In this instance, however, I wish to explore the most ignored of these topics-the place of folklore in the development of non-Soviet Marxism, specifically among selected and representative nonfolklorists whom I will generally refer to as Western Marxists. While folklorists have had little to say about Marxism and folklore, this Western Marxist tradition has demonstrated a high degree of interest in this relationship. Their commentary merits discussion both as an important chapter in a developing history of folkloristics (Ben-Amos 1973) and as a necessary background for future theorizing in this area. My chief contention is that the treatment of folklore by Western Marxists has a limited character. They intuitively view folklore as collective behaviors whose fundamental character is in some way inherently opposed to the dominant social order of state capitalism, an unclear formulation at best. Further,
TL;DR: In this article, forms of explanation are considered in the context of social theory, and the questions in social theory are re-thought in the form of forms of Explanation and Rethinking the Questions in Social Theory.
Abstract: (1983). Forms of Explanation; Rethinking the Questions in Social Theory. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 813-817.
TL;DR: Gourou's classic The Peasants of the Tonkin Delta remains the starting point for all later writing about peasant revolution in Vietnam, but the long American involvement produced what James Scott has called a "boomlet" in the study of peasant revolution as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Gourou. Gourou's classic The Peasants of the Tonkin Delta remains the starting point for all later writing about peasant revolution in Vietnam, but the long American involvement produced what James Scott has called a "boomlet" in the study of peasant revolution in Vietnam and elsewhere. 1 As the United States increases its military involvement in Central America it seems appropriate to inquire whether any of the scholarly theories developed in the earlier experience in Vietnam might generalize to fit still another peasant revolution half a world away. Neither sound foreign policy nor good social theory can be based on "explanations" which in fact apply only to one time and place. Consideration of the Central American revolution and the case of Guatemala in particular should provide information about both. The goal of this article, however, is principally theoretical; to test theories developed to explain one case, Vietnam, in a second and largely independent case, Guatemala. Scholarly analysis of the problem of peasant revolution in Vietnam has led to three different sets of theories, all of which make somewhat different predictions about the causes of peasant revolution in Vietnam and elsewhere and are, furthermore, at least in large part, mutually exclusive. The three theoretical perspectives might be called moral economy, political economy, and class conflict. The first two terms were used by Samuel Popkin in his book The Rational Peasant to distinguish his own perspective on Vietnam, which he calls "political economy," from the perspective he calls "moral economy,"
TL;DR: The problem of legitimacy in social theory has been studied in this article, where Weber's theory of legitimacy has been used to explain the legitimacy of the general will and the social contract of the Social Contract.
Abstract: Introduction: The problem of legitimacy in social theory Part One: Rousseau's Political Philosophy 1. Rousseau's theory of political legitimacy: the general will 2. The intellectual background of "The Social Contract" 3. Conflicting misinterpretations and unilateral assessments 4. The theory of democratic legitimacy 5. Concluding remarks: Rousseau the 'anarchist' Part Two: Weber's Sociology of Legitimacy 6. An outline of Weber's theory of legitimacy 7. A brief assessment of Weber's theory of legitimacy 8. Historicism and Sociology Conclusion
Journal Article•
Book•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The Alienated Mind as discussed by the authors investigates the emergence and development of the sociology of knowledge in Germany in the critical period 1918-33, which witnessed the development of distinctive paradigms centred on the works of Max Scheler, Georg Lukacs and Karl Mannheim.
Abstract: "The Alienated Mind" investigates the emergence and development of the sociology of knowledge in Germany in the critical period 1918-33. These years witnessed the development of distinctive paradigms centred on the works of Max Scheler, Georg Lukacs and Karl Mannheim. The theoretical and practical context within which the diverse strands of this tradition emerged in German social theory are investigated in order to indicate, in part, the extent to which central problems in the sociology of knowledge were located within philosophical, sociological, cultural and political crises in Germany. In the context of their development of sociologies of knowledge and culture, Scheler, Lukacs and Mannheim outlined versions of the alienation of the mind thesis: for Scheler the "powerlessness of the mind"; for Lukacs "the rectification of consciousness"; for Mannheim "the homelessness of the mind". Each theorist sought to confront base/superstructure models of the relationship between knowledge and society. How these and other themes in the sociology of knowledge were contested is illustrated in a detailed account of some of the central debates in Weimar Germany. This book should be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates and academics of sociology and philosophy.
TL;DR: The Manchester Guardian Archive as discussed by the authors is a major source for studies of the political, military, economic, social, social and technological developments of the twentieth century, containing correspondence with a large number of politicians and statesmen, and almost every major political event and social trend is documented in correspondence and despatches.
Abstract: The Manchester Guardian Archive is a major source for studies of the political, military, economic, social and technological developments of the twentieth century. It contains correspondence with a large number of politicians and statesmen, and almost every major political event and social trend is documented in the correspondence and despatches. The papers of W.P. Crozier, former editor of the Manchester Guardian, contain interviews with leading politicians and statesmen, while the manuscript collection of A.P. Wadsworth, another former editor, is important for the
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Giddens as discussed by the authors discusses the crisis of social theory in the context of economic and social theory, and proposes a solution to the problem of economic inequality. But this solution is difficult to implement.
Abstract: (1983). Anthony Giddens and the crisis of social theory. Economy and Society: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 368-398.