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Showing papers on "Social theory published in 2018"


Book ChapterDOI
24 Apr 2018
TL;DR: The authors argue that the long-term reproduction of a neighbourhood that is simultaneously practical, valued and taken-for-granted depends on the seamless interaction of localized spaces and times with local subjects possessed of the knowledge to reproduce locality.
Abstract: In this chapter, the author addresses related questions that have arisen in an ongoing series of writings about global cultural flows. Although they broadly inform his response to these questions, the author's argument does not stem directly from concern with either the production of space or the disciplinary anxieties of anthropology as such. Rather, it engages a continuing debate about the future of the nation-state. It is one of the grand cliches of social theory that locality as a property or diacritic of social life comes under siege in modern societies. But locality is an inherently fragile social achievement. The long-term reproduction of a neighbourhood that is simultaneously practical, valued and taken-for-granted depends on the seamless interaction of localized spaces and times with local subjects possessed of the knowledge to reproduce locality. The production of a neighbourhood is inherently colonizing, in the sense that it involves the assertion of socially organized power over places and settings which are viewed as potentially chaotic.

323 citations


Book
05 Apr 2018
TL;DR: The authors proposes a relational theory of world politics with relationality as the metaphysical component of its theoretical hard core, and uses Chinese zhongyong dialectics as its epistemological schema for understanding relationships in an increasingly complex world.
Abstract: Culture matters in social theory construction because the metaphysical component of the theoretical hard core is primarily shaped by the background knowledge of a cultural community. Individual rationality, a key concept abstracted from Western culture, constitutes the nucleus for much of mainstream Western International Relations Theory. This article proposes a relational theory of world politics with relationality as the metaphysical component of its theoretical hard core. It conceives the International Relations (IR) world as one composed of ongoing relations, assumes international actors as actors-in-relations, and takes processes defined in terms of relations in motion as ontologically significant. It puts forward the logic of relationality, arguing that actors base their actions on relations in the first place. It uses the Chinese zhongyong dialectics as its epistemological schema for understanding relationships in an increasingly complex world. This theoretical framework may enable us to see the IR world from a different perspective, reconceptualize key elements such as power and governance, and make a broader comparison of international systems for the enrichment of the Global IR project.

193 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a conceptual tool for guiding public mental health interventions based on the ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner, which underwent significant changes since its first inception in the 1970s.
Abstract: Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory is appealing as a conceptual tool for guiding public mental health interventions. However, his theory underwent significant changes since its first inception duri ...

147 citations


Book ChapterDOI
24 Apr 2018
TL;DR: Bourricaud as mentioned in this paper argues that the universalism-particularism issue is a basic feature of the human condition, which was given substantial and extremely consequential historical thematization with the rise of the great religio-cultural traditions during what Karl Jaspers called the axial period.
Abstract: Bourricaud draws attention to a critical issue at the center of any discussion of globalization and culture-the ideational and pragmatic aspects of interaction and communication between collective and individual actors on the global scene. This chapter argues that the latter is a basic feature of the human condition, which was given substantial and extremely consequential historical thematization with the rise of the great religio-cultural traditions during what Karl Jaspers called the axial period. It argues that recent world history the universalism-particularism issue has come to constitute something like a global-cultural form, a major axis of the structuration of the world as a whole. Antimodernity is around the universalism-particularism axis of globalization that the discontents of globality manifest themselves in reference to new, globalized variations on the oldish themes of Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft. There are signs of serious attempts to address directly the actual insertion of women in the globalization process, the recent book by Cynthia Enloe being an interesting example.

124 citations


Book
04 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Schroeder et al. as mentioned in this paper synthesize perspectives and findings from various social science disciplines in four countries: United States, Sweden, India and China to compare smartphones and PC-based internet uses.
Abstract: Media, Technology and Globalization Ralph Schroeder The internet has fundamentally transformed society in the past 25 years, yet existing theories of mass or interpersonal communication do not work well in understanding a digital world. Nor has this understanding been helped by disciplinary specialization and a continual focus on the latest innovations. Ralph Schroeder takes a longer-term view, synthesizing perspectives and findings from various social science disciplines in four countries: the United States, Sweden, India and China. His comparison highlights, among other observations, that smartphones are in many respects more important than PC-based internet uses.

93 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that adolescent outcomes should be understood both from the top and the bottom, including how youth interpret and cope with their vulnerability, based upon experiences of interlocking systems of oppression, as integrated with Spencer's phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST).
Abstract: Beginning with Erikson, identity formation has often been framed as a salient developmental challenge for adolescents. Recent theoretical advances situate this identity formation as a central life course process involving ecological and social context associated with diverse experiences and characteristics. Some scholars have employed intersectionality as a call to study experiences of individuals who belong to multiple marginalized groups. In this article, we argue that developmental research would be served by a return to Crenshaw's formulation of intersectionality-that is, that marginalization involves systematic inequality and interlocking systems of oppression-as integrated with Spencer's phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST). The latter was formulated as a needed critique of traditional developmental theories that generally ignored the problem of inequality as experienced through multiple layers of navigated contexts. Problematic ecological contexts can be understood through intersectionality's forefronting of complex structures and social positionality-that power dynamics and interconnected systems lead to differential outcomes within socially constructed categories like class, race, and gender. PVEST complements these insights through an attentiveness to phenomenological interpretations and responses-the "how" and "why" of the process. Therefore, we argue that adolescent outcomes should be understood both from the top and the bottom, including how youth interpret and cope with their vulnerability, based upon experiences of interlocking systems of oppression. The consequent synthesis should bolster the identification of pillar-like supports needed by youth and which afford effective assistance across respective socialization contexts.

79 citations


Book
20 Apr 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthesis of rational choice theory and sociological perspectives for the analysis of social institutions, focusing on the social dynamics that lead to the emergence of these institutions.
Abstract: This is the first book to present a synthesis of rational choice theory and sociological perspectives for the analysis of social institutions. The origin of social institutions is an old concern in social theory. Currently it has re-emerged as one of the most intensely debated issues in social science. Among economists and rational choice theorists, there is growing awareness that most, if not all, of the social outcomes that are of interest to explain are at least partly a function of institutional constraints. Yet the role of institutions is negligible both in general equilibrium theory and in most neoclassical economic models. There is a burgeoning substantive interest in institutions ranging from social movements, to formal organizations, to states, and even international regimes. Rational choice theorists have made great strides in elucidating the effects of institutions on a variety of social outcomes, but they have paid insufficient attention to the social dynamics that lead to the emergence of these institutions. Typically, these institutions have been assumed to be a given, rather than considered as outcomes requiring explanation in their own right. Sociological theorists, in contrast, have long appreciated the role of social structural constraints in the determination of outcomes but have neglected the role of individual agents.

73 citations


Book
12 Jul 2018
TL;DR: Sociolinguists have rarely attempted to draw the social-theoretical implications from their findings, and in spite of the tremendous theoretical relevance of sociolinguistic insights, most soc linguists themselves continue to rely on established, mainstream forms of sociological imagination as mentioned in this paper, often at odds with their own results.
Abstract: Sociolinguists have rarely attempted to draw the social-theoretical implications from their findings, and in spite of the tremendous theoretical relevance of sociolinguistic insights, most sociolinguists themselves continue to rely on established, mainstream forms of sociological imagination – often at odds with their own results In this text, I explore the ways in which contemporary sociolinguistics can contribute to a new sociological imagination, and I use Emile Durkheim’s work as the take-off point for this exercise Durkheim – one of the founding fathers of sociology – emphasized the crucial importance of normativity in his work, and saw normativity itself as “the social fact” Normativity was collective and compelling, and thus provided the glue to hold diverse segments of society together in forms of social cohesion and integration His view of the social fact became the foundation for defining the very possibility of sociology, and by extension sociolinguistics as well It was dismissed, however, in the tradition called Rational Choice After outlining Durkheim’s concept of the social fact, I engage with the Durkheimian legacy in two ways One, I use contemporary sociolinguistic empirical findings as arguments to demonstrate the validity of the social fact, and eo ipso the absurdity of Rational Choice The very nature of language as a sociolinguistic system revolving around ordered indexical patterns renders impossible any methodologically-individualistic approach, and basic facts about language variation and sociolinguistic inequality suffice to establish that Sociolinguistics, thus, provides extensive empirical arguments in favor of the possibility of a sociology grounded in collective normatively organized sociality Having established that, I can proceed to the second layer Most mainstream sociology – Durkheim’s included – theorized an “offline” world, and contemporary sociolinguistics can offer a range of new theories based on the growing body of empirical work on the online-offline nexus Such work, quite often, penetrates into the deep fibers of new, emerging or transforming social processes, and can thus be made relevant for higher-level theorizing On the basis of such work, I formulate a range of “grounded” theories that can henceforth be used as hypotheses in further research: on norms, social action, identity, groups, integration, structure and power Together, I argue, they maximize the potential of sociolinguistics to comprehensively theorize what Appadurai defined as the new phase of modernity we inhabit: vernacular globalization

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: What a monist or ‘flat’ ontology means for sociological understanding of key concepts such as structures and systems, power and resistance is assessed.
Abstract: Though mainstream sociological theory has been founded within dualisms such as structure/agency, nature/culture, and mind/matter, a thread within sociology dating back to Spencer and Tarde favoured a monist ontology that cut across such dualistic categories. This thread has been reinvigorated by recent developments in social theory, including the new materialisms, posthumanism and affect theories. Here we assess what a monist or ‘flat’ ontology means for sociological understanding of key concepts such as structures and systems, power and resistance. We examine two monistic sociologies: Bruno Latour’s ‘sociology of associations’ and DeLanda’s ontology of assemblages. Understandings of social processes in terms of structures, systems or mechanisms are replaced with a focus upon the micropolitics of events and interactions. Power is a flux of forces or ‘affects’ fully immanent within events, while resistance is similarly an affective flow in events producing micropolitical effects contrary to power or control.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of cultural competence has become ubiquitous in human services and settings as discussed by the authors, but there is much disagreement regarding the definition of the concept and how to operationalize, test, and apply concepts related to cultural competence in social service settings.
Abstract: The concept of cultural competence has become ubiquitous in human services language and settings. Though the literature from various disciplines is replete with discussions on the topic, there still exists much disagreement regarding the definition of cultural competence as well as how to operationalize, test, and apply concepts related to cultural competence in social service settings. A related issue stems from debate regarding whether cultural competence is a theory, model, paradigm, framework, or perspective. Though cultural competence has been referred to as a theory by some scholars from different disciplines (e.g., Lum, 2005; Blue, Thiedke, Chessman, Kern, & Keller, 2005; Wu & Martinez, 2006), there is still disagreement about whether the concepts related to cultural competence actually meet the criteria for a theory and, consequently, whether they can be used to generate hypotheses and allow for independent observations that can be used to continue building theory, conduct empirical research, and provide evidenced-based practice implications. The authors join in this theory debate through an analysis of the elements of theory and conclude that it has better fit with the definition of social perspective than it does social theory.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sociology of loss as discussed by the authors is a project for sociological engagement with climate change, one that breaks out of environmental sociology as the conventional silo of research and bridges to other subfields.
Abstract: Climate change involves human societies in problems of loss: depletion, disappearance, and collapse. The climate changes and changes other things, in specifically destructive ways. What can and should sociology endeavour to know about this particular form of social change? This article outlines the sociology of loss as a project for sociological engagement with climate change, one that breaks out of environmental sociology as the conventional silo of research and bridges to other subfields. I address four interrelated dimensions of loss that climate change presents: the materiality of loss; the politics of loss; knowledge of loss; and practices of loss. Unlike “sustainability”—the more dominant framing in the social sciences of climate change—the sociology of loss examines what does, will, or must disappear rather than what can or should be sustained. Though the sociology of loss requires a confrontation with the melancholia of suffering people and places, it also speaks to new solidarities and positive transformations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper revisited compelling arguments put forth by the contributors of this special issue on the role of race and ethnicity in academic motivation research, and provided an overview of how race a a...
Abstract: This commentary revisits compelling arguments put forth by the contributors to this special issue on the role of race and ethnicity in academic motivation research. First, an overview of how race a...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors present the concept of 'synthetic socialsupport' and distinguish it from the work of health professionals or the spontaneous social support received from friends and family and provide new empirical data to illustrate the concept.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined social networks and financial giving to charitable or religious causes and found that social capital measures of general social trust and size of social network are studied as pr...
Abstract: This study examines social networks and financial giving to charitable or religious causes. Conventional social capital measures of general social trust and size of social network are studied as pr...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a combined approach called social fields and natural systems, which can assist sustainability scientists and others in integrating the best available knowledge from the natural sciences with that from the social sciences.
Abstract: Sustainability science is a wide and integrative scientific field. It embraces both complementary and contradictory approaches and perspectives for dealing with newer sustainability challenges in the context of old and persistent social problems. In this article we suggest a combined approach called social fields and natural systems. It builds on field theory and systems thinking and can assist sustainability scientists and others in integrating the best available knowledge from the natural sciences with that from the social sciences. The approach is preferable, we argue, to the various scientific efforts to integrate theories and frameworks that are rooted in incompatible ontologies and epistemologies. In that respect, this article is a critique of approaches that take the integration of the social and natural sciences for granted. At the same time it is an attempt to build a promising alternative. The theoretical and methodological pluralism that we suggest here, holistic pluralism, is one way to overcome incommensurability between the natural and the social sciences while avoiding functionalism, technological and environmental determinism, and over-reliance on rational choice theory. In addition, it is a basis for generating better understandings and problem solving capacity for sustainability challenges. We make three contributions. First, we identify important reasons for the incommensurability between the social and natural sciences, and propose remedies for overcoming some of the difficulties in integrative research. Second, we show how sustainability science will benefit from drawing more deeply on—and thus more adequately incorporate—social science understandings of society and the social, including field theory. Third, we illustrate the suggested approach of social fields and natural systems in two examples that are highly relevant for both sustainability science and sustainability itself, one on climate change adaptation and one on geoengineering. (Less)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sociologists usually conceive of emotions as individual, episodic, and categorical phenomena while emphasizing their social and cultural construction as mentioned in this paper. But at the same time, the term emotion refers to a...
Abstract: Sociologists usually conceive of emotions as individual, episodic, and categorical phenomena while emphasizing their social and cultural construction. At the same time, the term emotion refers to a...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper outlines a number of critical methodological implications for future developments in agent-based modelling, including qualitative and quantitative differences in the simulation outcomes, even when agents' decision rules are based on the same theory and data.
Abstract: As agent-based modelling gains popularity, the demand for transparency in underlying modelling assumptions grows. Behavioural rules guiding agents’ decisions, learning, interactions and possible changes in these should rely on solid theoretical and empirical grounds. This field has matured enough to reach the point at which we need to go beyond just reporting what social theory we base these rules upon. Many social science theories operate with various abstract constructions such as attitudes, perceptions, norms or intentions. These concepts are rather subjective and remain open to interpretation when operationalizing them in a formal model code. There is a growing concern that how modellers interpret qualitative social science theories in quantitative ABMs may differ from case to case. Yet, formal tests of these differences are scarce and a systematic approach to analyse any possible disagreements is lacking. Our paper addresses this gap by exploring the consequences of variations in formalizations of one social science theory on the simulation outcomes of agent-based models of the same class. We ran simulations to test the impact of four differences: in model architecture concerning specific equations and their sequence within one theory, in factors affecting agents’ decisions, in representation of these potentially differing factors, and finally in the underlying distribution of data used in a model. We illustrate emergent outcomes of these differences using an agent-based model developed to study regional impacts of households’ solar panel investment decisions. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was applied as one of the most common social science theories used to define behavioural rules of individual agents. Our findings demonstrate qualitative and quantitative differences in simulation outcomes, even when agents’ decision rules are based on the same theory and data. The paper outlines a number of critical methodological implications for future developments in agent-based modelling.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four main characteristics of the field, as featured in Social Science & Medicine over the last fifty years, are showcased, highlighting their relevance for an international and interdisciplinary readership.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors used Cultural Historical Activity Theory and intersubjectivity to answer the question of "how is lesson planning useful?" and explored the extent to which teacher candidates' candidates' knowledge of history is useful.
Abstract: How is lesson planning useful? This research study used Cultural Historical Activity Theory and intersubjectivity to answer this questions. This research explored to what extent teacher candidates'...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the notion of measure and measurement, and their relation to value and values, are discussed in several major threads in contemporary social theory and social research, including the notions of value and value.
Abstract: Issues of measure and measurement, and their relation to value and values, are of concern in several major threads in contemporary social theory and social research. In this article, the notion of ...

Book
19 Jun 2018
TL;DR: The Return of Work in Critical Theory as discussed by the authors is an account of the human significance of work and the human costs of contemporary forms of work organization, which brings together empirical research with incisive analysis of the political stakes of contemporary work.
Abstract: From John Maynard Keynes's prediction of a fifteen-hour workweek to present-day speculation about automation, we have not stopped forecasting the end of work. Critical theory and political philosophy have turned their attention away from the workplace to focus on other realms of domination and emancipation. But far from coming to an end, work continues to occupy a central place in our lives. This is not only because of the amount of time people spend on the job. Many of our deepest hopes and fears are bound up in our labor\textemdash what jobs we perform, how we relate to others, how we might flourish.The Return of Work in Critical Theory presents a bold new account of the human significance of work and the human costs of contemporary forms of work organization. A collaboration among experts in philosophy, social theory, and clinical psychology, it brings together empirical research with incisive analysis of the political stakes of contemporary work. The Return of Work in Critical Theory begins by looking in detail at the ways in which work today fails to meet our expectations. It then sketches a phenomenological description of work and examines the normative premises that underlie the experience of work. Finally, it puts forward a novel conception of work that can renew critical theory's engagement with work and point toward possibilities for transformation. Inspired by Max Horkheimer's vision of critical theory as empirically informed reflection on the sources of social suffering with emancipatory intent, The Return of Work in Critical Theory is a lucid diagnosis of the malaise and pathologies of contemporary work that proposes powerful remedies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the last few years, the idea that we live in a globalized world has significantly gained ground. Across various disciplines, this had led to severe critiques not only of methodological nationa...
Abstract: Over the last few years, the idea that we live in a globalized world has significantly gained ground. Across various disciplines, this had led to severe critiques not only of methodological nationa...

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Aug 2018
TL;DR: The authors discuss the big ideas that informed their work in literacy and a design-based approach to literacy and broader forms of research on learning that seek to advance a method of inquiry that is organized around imagining what is not yet, that is, the proleptic property of learning that brings "the end into the beginning" (M. Cole, 1996, p. 183).
Abstract: I begin this article by first locating myself theoretically as context for my notions about learning, literacy learning in particular. I am a learning scientist whose work has centered on understanding the cultural dimensions of learning, with particular interest in understanding how to leverage youths’ everyday concepts and practices toward more expansive and equitable forms of learning. Cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) has served as the fundamental and organizing theory in my thinking and design work, and while it has served as theoretical anchor, my work has never been characterized solely by CHAT. It would be more accurate to say that, from the onset, my research has been grounded in both Freirian (Freire, 1996) and Vygotskian (Vygotsky, 1978) concepts, attempting over the decades to understand the important interplay between these two theories and their potential for generating a more robust and generative notion of learning (see Vossoughi & Gutiérrez, 2016). Working within these traditions, I discuss the big ideas that informed my work in literacy and a design-based approach to literacy and broader forms of research on learning that seek to advance a method of inquiry that is organized around imagining what is “not yet,” that is, the proleptic property of learning that brings “the end into the beginning” (M. Cole, 1996, p. 183). However, before elaborating this approach, I take a relevant detour and share a vignette that I hope illustrates a central commitment in my work: that is, to use theory and methods in ways that help me learn to see

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Research into the sociology of intellectual life reveals numerous appeals to the public conscience of intellectuals as mentioned in this paper, and the way in which concepts such as "the public intellectual" or "intellectual lif...
Abstract: Research into the sociology of intellectual life reveals numerous appeals to the public conscience of intellectuals. The way in which concepts such as ‘the public intellectual’ or ‘intellectual lif...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a normative model of modes of conviviality is developed, based on the Convivialist Manifesto, which was published by a group of French academics in 2013.
Abstract: The article firstly discusses the Convivialist Manifesto which was published by a group of French academics in 2013. Secondly, the concepts of convivialism as a social and political theory and conviviality as a lived practice are compared. Finally, a normative model of modes of conviviality is developed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that there is a mismatch between the theoretical notion of shared identities in teams and organizations and empirical research, which largely focuses on the individual employee's identification with his or her social categories at work.
Abstract: The social identity approach has been found very useful for the understanding of a range of phenomena within and across organizations. It has been applied in particular to analyze employees' stress and well-being at work and their reactions to organizational change. In this paper, we argue that there is a mismatch between the theoretical notion of shared identities in teams and organizations and empirical research, which largely focuses on the individual employee's identification with his or her social categories at work. We briefly review the literature in the two areas of stress and change and conclude with an agenda for future research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that symbolic power plays a key role in the sharing and internalisation process of culture, and that the internalisation leads not only to the reproduction of routine cultural practices at the individual level but also to the establishment of new individual cultural practices contributing to structural change.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of intersectionality has largely guided qualitative efforts in social science and education research, and translating the construct to new methodological approaches is inherently co-existing with intersectionality.
Abstract: To date, the theory of intersectionality has largely guided qualitative efforts in social science and education research. Translating the construct to new methodological approaches is inherently co...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Questions surrounding these matters are approached with the hermeneutic idea of a distinction between "American" and "European" ways of thinking.
Abstract: Justice can be approached from many angles in ethical and political debates, including those involving healthcare, biomedical research, and well-being. The main doctrines of justice are liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism, luck egalitarianism, socialism, utilitarianism, capability approach, communitarianism, and care ethics. These can be further elaborated in the light of traditional moral and social theories, values, ideals, and interests, and there are distinct dimensions of justice that are captured better by some tactics than by others. In this article, questions surrounding these matters are approached with the hermeneutic idea of a distinction between "American" and "European" ways of thinking.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the turning point (TP) as an important antecedent of leadership in corporate social responsibility is discussed, linking them to the development of life narratives concerned with an evolving sense of personal identity.
Abstract: This article uses the life stories approach to leadership and leadership development. Using exploratory, qualitative data from a Forbes Global 2000 and FTSE 100 company, we discuss the role of the turning point (TP) as an important antecedent of leadership in corporate social responsibility. We argue that TPs are causally efficacious, linking them to the development of life narratives concerned with an evolving sense of personal identity. Using both a multi-disciplinary perspective and a multi-level focus on CSR leadership, we identify four narrative cases. We propose that they helped to re-define individuals’ sense of self and in some extreme cases completely transformed their self-identity as leaders of CSR. Hence we also distinguish the momentous turning point (MTP) that created a seismic shift in personality, through re-evaluation of the individuals’ personal values. We argue that whilst TPs are developmental experiences that can produce responsible leadership, the MTP changes the individuals’ personal priorities in life to produce responsible leadership that perhaps did not exist previously. Thus we appropriate Maslow’s (1976, p. 77) metaphorical phrase ‘A falling of the veils’ from his discussion of peak and desolation experiences that produce personal growth. Using a multi-disciplinary literature from social theory (Archer, 2012) moral psychology (Narvaez, 2009) and social psychology (Schwartz, 2010), we present a theoretical model that illustrates the psychological process of the (M)TP, thus contributing to the growing literature on the microfoundations of CSR.