Topic
Sodium bicarbonate
About: Sodium bicarbonate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6040 publications have been published within this topic receiving 98423 citations. The topic is also known as: Sodium Bicarbonate & Monosodium Carbonate.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
Book•
07 Oct 2018
10,515 citations
TL;DR: Hydration with sodium bicarbonate before contrast exposure is more effective than hydration with Sodium chloride for prophylaxis of contrast-induced renal failure.
Abstract: ContextContrast-induced nephropathy remains a common complication of radiographic
procedures. Pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate is more protective than sodium
chloride in animal models of acute ischemic renal failure. Acute renal failure
from both ischemia and contrast are postulated to occur from free-radical
injury. However, no studies in humans or animals have evaluated the efficacy
of sodium bicarbonate for prophylaxis against contrast-induced nephropathy.ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate compared with sodium chloride
for preventive hydration before and after radiographic contrast.Design, Setting, and PatientsA prospective, single-center, randomized trial conducted from September
16, 2002, to June 17, 2003, of 119 patients with stable serum creatinine levels
of at least 1.1 mg/dL (≥97.2 µmol/L) who were randomized to receive
a 154-mEq/L infusion of either sodium chloride (n = 59) or sodium bicarbonate
(n = 60) before and after iopamidol administration (370 mg iodine/mL). Serum
creatinine levels were measured at baseline and 1 and 2 days after contrast.InterventionsPatients received 154 mEq/L of either sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate,
as a bolus of 3 mL/kg per hour for 1 hour before iopamidol contrast, followed
by an infusion of 1 mL/kg per hour for 6 hours after the procedure.Main Outcome MeasureContrast-induced nephropathy, defined as an increase of 25% or more
in serum creatinine within 2 days of contrast.ResultsThere were no significant group differences in age, sex, incidence of
diabetes mellitus, ethnicity, or contrast volume. Baseline serum creatinine
was slightly higher but not statistically different in patients receiving
sodium bicarbonate treatment (mean [SD], 1.71 [0.42] mg/dL [151.2 {37.1} µmol/L]
for sodium chloride and 1.89 [0.69] mg/dL [167.1 {61.0} µmol/L] for
sodium bicarbonate; P = .09). The primary end point
of contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 8 patients (13.6%) infused with
sodium chloride but in only 1 (1.7%) of those receiving sodium bicarbonate(mean
difference, 11.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6%-21.2%; P = .02). A follow-up registry of 191 consecutive patients receiving
prophylactic sodium bicarbonate and meeting the same inclusion criteria as
the study resulted in 3 cases of contrast-induced nephropathy (1.6%; 95% CI,
0%-3.4%).ConclusionHydration with sodium bicarbonate before contrast exposure is more effective
than hydration with sodium chloride for prophylaxis of contrast-induced renal
failure.
1,033 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that bicarbonate supplementation slows the rate of progression of renal failure to ESRD and improves nutritional status among patients with CKD and Nutritional parameters improved significantly with bic carbonate supplementation, which was well tolerated.
Abstract: Bicarbonate supplementation preserves renal function in experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD), but whether the same benefit occurs in humans is unknown. Here, we randomly assigned 134 adult patients with CKD (creatinine clearance [CrCl] 15 to 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and serum bicarbonate 16 to 20 mmol/L to either supplementation with oral sodium bicarbonate or standard care for 2 yr. The primary end points were rate of CrCl decline, the proportion of patients with rapid decline of CrCl (>3 ml/min per 1.73 m2/yr), and ESRD (CrCl <10 ml/min). Secondary end points were dietary protein intake, normalized protein nitrogen appearance, serum albumin, and mid-arm muscle circumference. Compared with the control group, decline in CrCl was slower with bicarbonate supplementation (5.93 versus 1.88 ml/min 1.73 m2; P < 0.0001). Patients supplemented with bicarbonate were significantly less likely to experience rapid progression (9 versus 45%; relative risk 0.15; 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.40; P < 0.0001). Similarly, fewer patients supplemented with bicarbonate developed ESRD (6.5 versus 33%; relative risk 0.13; 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.40; P < 0.001). Nutritional parameters improved significantly with bicarbonate supplementation, which was well tolerated. This study demonstrates that bicarbonate supplementation slows the rate of progression of renal failure to ESRD and improves nutritional status among patients with CKD.
735 citations
TL;DR: Results from this in vitro model show that a significant decrease in pH in the vicinity of PLA-PGA implants can be avoided by incorporating basic salts.
Abstract: This in vitro study was performed to examine if the pH decrease in the vicinity of degrading polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) polymers can be offset by incorporation of basic salts within PLA-PGA implants. It has been suggested that such pH lowering results in adverse effects, which may be responsible for biocompatibility concerns raised recently about PLA and PGA polymers. The results indicated that all three salts investigated in this study were successful in controlling the decrease in pH due to the acidic degradation products of the copolymer. The pH of the test media for the control group fell to a value of 3.0 at 9 weeks. Implants containing calcium carbonate maintained the pH value between 7.4 and 6.3 throughout the degradation process. Implants with calcium hydroxyapatite and sodium bicarbonate controlled the pH values between 6.9 and 4.3 and 8.2 and 4.5, respectively. At 3 weeks, marked swelling of implants containing calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate was observed relative to the control implants. The molecular weight and mass changes in the implants did not show any significant differences at 9 weeks. Thus, results from this in vitro model show that a significant decrease in pH in the vicinity of PLA-PGA implants can be avoided by incorporating basic salts.
451 citations
TL;DR: A Corynebacterium glutamicum strain (ΔldhA-pCRA717) that overexpresses the pyc gene encoding pyruvate carboxylase while simultaneously exhibiting a disrupted ldhA gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase was investigated in detail for succinic acid production.
Abstract: A Corynebacterium glutamicum strain (ΔldhA-pCRA717) that overexpresses the pyc gene encoding pyruvate carboxylase while simultaneously exhibiting a disrupted ldhA gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase was investigated in detail for succinic acid production. Succinic acid was shown to be efficiently produced at high-cell density under oxygen deprivation with intermittent addition of sodium bicarbonate and glucose. Succinic acid concentration reached 1.24 M (146 g l−1) within 46 h. The yields of succinic acid and acetic acid from glucose were 1.40 mol mol−1 (0.92 g g−1) and 0.29 mol mol−1 (0.10 g g−1), respectively. The succinic acid production rate and yield depended on medium bicarbonate concentration rather than glucose concentration. Consumption of bicarbonate accompanied with succinic acid production implied that added bicarbonate was used for succinic acid synthesis.
434 citations