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Showing papers on "Sodium chlorate published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, experiments were conducted in which a sodium chlorate seed crystal immersed in a supersaturated solution was either tapped with a stainless steel rod or allowed to slide about the bottom of a crystallization flask.

37 citations


Patent
08 Jun 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a deflagration composition yielding a gas comprising principally carbon dioxide and water vapor comprises a substantially homogeneous mixture of citric acid powder in the range of from about 25 to 37 percent by weight and an oxidizer powder selected from the group consisting of potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorates.
Abstract: A deflagration composition yielding a gas comprising principally carbon dioxide and water vapor comprises a substantially homogeneous mixture of citric acid powder in the range of from about 25 to 37 percent by weight and an oxidizer powder selected from the group consisting of potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium chlorate, and sodium perchlorate. This composition may be used adjacent a coolant powder comprising up to about 40 percent by weight of potassium chlorate and an endothermic decomposition coolant having a thermal decomposition product selected from the class consisting of carbon dioxide and water.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the homologous (100) faces of a sodium chlorate crystal grow from solution with two very different rates V R and V L, and interference microscope measurements and X-ray topography show that the slow rate V L is due to surface nucleation while the fast rate V R is connected with dislocations.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results obtained by toxicological, microscopical and macroscopical investigations are given, and a limited study of the stability of chlorate in the presence of tissue is described.
Abstract: Two cases of suicidal poisoning by sodium chlorate are reported. Results obtained by toxicological, microscopical and macroscopical investigations are given, and a limited study of the stability of chlorate in the presence of tissue is described.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bijvoet et al. as mentioned in this paper found that sodium chlorate and bromate crystals of the same configuration possess opposite signs of optical rotation, which is a surprising observation.
Abstract: Natriumbromatkristalle rufen in ubersattigter Natriumchloratlosung die Ausscheidung von Natriumchloratkristallen mit entgegengesetztem Vorzeichen der optischen Drehung hervor, analog bewirken Natriumchloratkristalle in ubersattigter Natriumbromatlosung das Wachsen entgegengesetzt drehender Natriumbromatkristalle. – Aus Losungen, die D-Mannit enthalten, kristallisiert bevorzugt (+)-Natriumchlorat und (–)-Natriumbromat, aus Losungen, die D-Dulcit enthalten, (–)-Natriumchlorat und (+)-Natriumbromat. Diese Resultate, und ebenso die der Impfversuche, stehen in Ubereinstimmung mit der Konfigurationsbeziehung, die aus Bijvoets Bestimmung der absoluten Konfigurationen4) folgte: entgegengesetzte optische Drehung bei gleicher Konfiguration der beiden Salze. – Durch langeres Erhitzen auf 220° konnte die Spannungsdoppelbrechung von Natriumchlorat/Natriumbromat-Mischkristallen aufgehoben werden, so das Messung der optischen Drehung moglich wurde. Die Rotationsdispersion konnte fur Mischkristalle bis zu einem Gehalt von 14 Mol-% Natriumbromat im Bereich von 578 bis 265 mμ ermittelt werden. Studies on the Optical Activity of Sodium Chlorate and Sodium Bromate Crystals Sodium chlorate and sodium bromate are isomorphous, but each of these salts crystallizes in enantiomorphous and therefore optically active forms. Bijvoet4) found that sodium chlorate and bromate crystals of the same configuration possess opposite signs of optical rotation. The following results are in agreement with Bijvoet's surprising observation and expand his findings. – Seeding of a supersaturated solution of sodium chlorate with one entiomorphous form of sodium bromate initiated growth of chlorate crystals showing the opposite sign of optical rotation. Conversely, chlorate crystals caused growth of bromate crystals with opposite rotation. – D-Mannitol as a cosolute induced growth of (+) chlorate and (–) bromate crystals. D-Sorbitol had the opposite effect and led to formation of (–) chlorate and (+) bromate crystals. – Mixed crystals of these salts are birefringent. Cautious tempering of mixed crystals at 220° eliminated the birefringency while transparency was retained, provided the content of bromate did not exceed 14 mole-%. The optical rotation of these crystals could then be determined. The rotatory dispersion of several mixed crystals containing up to 14 mole-% of sodium bromate was measured in the range from 578 to 265 mμ.

14 citations


Patent
13 Mar 1972
TL;DR: In this article, a modified cigarette paper is used as a wrapper, and the wrapper is treated in preselected areas with a burn control additive comprising a mixture of potassium chlorate and sodium chlorate in a molar ratio of from 2.6:1 to 1.0:1.
Abstract: An improved cigarette is prepared through use of modified cigarette paper as a wrapper. The wrapper is treated in preselected areas with a burn control additive comprising a mixture of potassium chlorate and sodium chlorate in a molar ratio of from 2.6:1 to 1.0:1. When the burning coal reaches the area of treatment, the treated area is burned away, allowing for the passage of air through the opening created during smoking of the cigarette. The mixture of potassium chlorate and sodium chlorate provides for a more stable treatment, particularly when the cigarettes having the thus treated wrapper are stored under conditions of high humidity.

11 citations



Patent
22 Dec 1972
TL;DR: In this article, an improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide by the reaction of an alkali metal chlorate with sulfur dioxide in an acidic medium containing chloride ions is described.
Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide by the reaction of an alkali metal chlorate with sulfur dioxide in an acidic medium containing chloride ions The improvement involves introducing sulfur dioxide and chlorine to an acidic solution of sodium chlorate containing chloride ions, while maintaining equilibrium conditions in said solution in which the solution is 50 to 64 normal in sulfuric acid, 09 to 17 molar in chlorate, and 01 to 06 molar in chloride

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a distinct break in slope in the pressure dependence of the resonance frequency was observed near 11 k bar, attributed to a phase transition reported earlier by Bridgman in this pressure region.

7 citations


01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: The catalytic effect of cobalt powder on chlorate decomposition has been confirmed as discussed by the authors, and it has been shown that the complete elimination of fuel is not a vital factor in the improved performance of catalyzed candles.
Abstract: The catalytic effect of cobalt powder on chlorate decomposition has been confirmed. Catalysis is enhanced by oxidation of the metal during burning. Catalysts other than cobalt compounds should also be effective; the complete elimination of fuel has shown that the oxidation of cobalt during decomposition is not a vital factor in the improved performance of catalyzed candles.