Showing papers on "Sodium chlorate published in 2005"

Tissue distribution, elimination, and metabolism of dietary sodium [36Cl]chlorate in beef cattle.

Abstract: Two steers (∼195 kg) were each dosed with 62.5 or 130.6 mg/kg body weight sodium [36Cl]chlorate for three consecutive days. All excreta were collected during the dosing and 8 h withdrawal periods. ...

Effect of sodium [36Cl]chlorate dose on total radioactive residues and residues of parent chlorate in growing swine.

Abstract: An experimental chlorate-based product has been shown to be efficacious in eliminating economically important, Gram-negative human pathogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals. Prior to the commercial marketing of such a product, the magnitude and chemical nature of residues remaining in edible tissues must be determined. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the tissue distribution and elimination of sodium [36Cl]chlorate in orally dosed swine. Three sets of pigs, each consisting of a barrow and a gilt, were orally dosed with a total of 20, 40, or 60 mg of sodium [36Cl]chlorate per kg body weight via the drinking water. Urine and feces were collected throughout the 30 h study. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure to [36Cl]chlorate, each pig was harvested and both edible and inedible tissues were collected. Urine and tissue samples were analyzed for total radioactive residues and for chlorate metabolites. Elimination of radioactivity in urine averaged 81.6, 83.7, and 83.9% of the total dose for the low, medium, and high doses, respectively. Fecal elimination of radioactivity averaged 1.1% of the dosed radiochlorine across all doses. Parent chlorate always represented greater than 97.4% of the urinary radiochlorine with the remaining radiochlorine being excreted as chloride ion. Chlorate represented 39-77% of fecal radioactivity, depending upon dose. Chlorate concentrations in edible tissues ranged from 0.01 to 0.49 ppm, with residues in liver and skeletal muscle generally lower than those in kidney and adipose tissue. Chlorate residues were concentrated in thyroid tissues (7.7-25.4 ppm) relative to edible tissues. No evidence for the presence of chlorite was observed in excreta or in tissues. Results of this study suggest that further development of chlorate as a preharvest food safety tool in swine merits consideration.

Hydrolysis retardant for liquid active dye and method for making same

Abstract: The invention discloses a hydrolysis retardant for liquid active dye and method for making same, wherein the hydrolysis retardant for liquid active dye comprises monobasic sodium phosphate 0.05%-0.6%, disodium hydrogen phosphate 0.025%-0.3%, sodium nitrite, sodium chlorate 0.05%-0.8%, and balancing water.

Oxidation-induced changes in the surface structure of starch granules

Abstract: Native starches of potato, wheat, maize, and waxy maize were subjected to oxidation with: sodium chlorate(I), hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Cu2+ ions and sodium chlorate(III) in the presence of formaldehyde. Native starches and their modified preparations were determined for the content of carboxyl and aldehyde groups. In order to determine changes in the surface structure of starch granules, microphotograps (SEM) were taken and specific surface (SBET) was determined. In the research performed sodium chlorate(I) and hydrogen peroxide were found more effective in the oxidation process as they induced greater changes in the surface structure of the investigated oxidised starches than sodium chlorate(III). The most remarkable changes in the specific surface area of the starches examined were caused by sodium chlorate(I), with an increase reported for maize starch and a decrease for wheat starch.

Low performance compound potassium powder additive

Abstract: Disclosed is a low performance composite potassium powder additive for fireworks and firecrackers which is prepared from charging 30-50 wt% potassium chloride and -50-70 wt% sodium chlorate through mixing homogeneously, reacting 3-5 hours at the condition of 100 deg. C steam, cooling down the product, separating sodium chloride to obtain half-finished potassium chlorate product, immersing the potassium chlorate for second dissolution, charging potassium nitrate and barium nitrate 10-40% of weight of potassium chlorate, reacting 2-4 hours at the condition of 100 deg. C steam, natural cooling for crystallization, scouring, centrifugally separating, drying and chalking to 200-250 mesh, charging light calcium carbonate 5-10% of weight of disintegrated article, and mixing homogeneously.

Perchlorate removal from sodium chlorate process

Abstract: Novel methods for the removal of sodium perchlorate from electrolytic processes for the production of sodium chlorate have been discovered, allowing sodium chlorate production processes to proceed with low levels of sodium perchlorate. A portion of the mother liquor from the sodium chlorate crystallization is fed to a secondary crystallization step to concentrate sodium perchlorate in a second mother liquor. In this manner, at least a portion of the sodium perchlorate in the sodium chlorate production process is isolated in the second mother liquor, which can be removed from the sodium chlorate production process. The process is run until the concentration of sodium perchlorate in the second mother liquor reaches a desired concentration, at which point at least a portion of the second mother liquor can be removed, thereby removing a portion of the sodium perchlorate from the sodium chlorate production process. The removal of sodium perchlorate from the electrolytic production process allows extended process operating time, improved raw material utilization, and improved reaction efficiency.

Process for the preparation of polycarbonate

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polycarbonate by the phase interface process is disclosed The process includes (a) preparing a sodium hydroxide solution by chloralkali electrolysis, the solution containing not more than 30 ppm sodium chlorate relative to the weight of sodium hydroxide, and (b) reacting an aqueous solution of said sodium hydroxide with at least one dihydoxydiarylalkane to obtain a solution of disodium salt and (c) reacting said solution of disodium salt with phosgene in the presence of at least one organic solvent, a chain terminator and optionally a branching agent to obtain an oligocarbonate, and (d) condensing the oligocarbonate in the presence of at least one catalyst to obtain a material system containing polycarbonate and organic solvent and (e) separating off of the organic phase from said material system The polycarbonate prepared by the inventive process is characterized by its low yellowness index

Alloys of ti, ru and al and their use in the synthesis of sodium chlorate

Abstract: The invention is an alloy having the following formula: Ti2 + t (Ru (1-x) Al (1 + x)) (1-u / 2) M u T y wherein: t is a number between -1 and 1, preferably between -0.5 and +0.5; x is a number between -0.95 and +0.95, preferably between +0.5 and + 0.95; u is a number between 0 and 1, preferably less than 0.25; y is a number between 0 and 6, preferably equal to 2 M represents one or more elements selected from Ag, Pd, Rh, Fe, Cr and V, the elements being preferably Ag, Pd or Rh, and T is one or more elements selected from O, B, S, C, N, Si, P and H, the elements being preferably oxygen. This alloy is preferably in the nanocrystalline state, and can be used as cathode for electrochemically producing sodium chlorate.

Process for the manufacture of anhydrous sodium perchlorate

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of anhydrous sodium perchlorate, according to which an aqueous sodium perchlorate solution originating directly from electrolysis of aqueous sodium chlorate solution is subjected to vacuum evaporation. Another subject-matter of the invention is anhydrous sodium perchlorate crystals which retain good flowability and processes for the manufacture thereof.

Study on the preparation of chlorine dioxide from sodium chlorate

Abstract: The influence on conversion ratio of the products by five different factors,such as the reaction temperature,sulphuric acid consumption,the consumption of 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide,liquid amount of the reaction cauldron and reaction pressure,at the reaction of sodium chlorate and sulphuric acid under hydrogen peroxide solution have been studied.The better reaction conditions: reaction temperature is 80 ℃,sulphuric acid consumption is 0.25 mol and hydrogen peroxide amount are 0.04 mol and reaction liquid amount is 60 mL under 0.05 mol sodium chlorate,pressurizing,have been obtained.Under this condition,the ratio of sodium chlorate conversion can reach more than 98%,and the purity of the products can reach more than 96%.

Production of fumigated coal

Abstract: A method for making smoking-carbon is carried out by: pulverizing carbon to 100 mesh, adding sodium chlorate 10% as combustion auxiliary, stirring, soaking carboxyl methyl cellulose 4% and stirring uniformly, adding and stirring uniformly, molding, drying and packing.

Method for producing chlorine-free bleaching agent for chemical pulp from sodium chloride

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, used as a chlorine-free bleaching agent for chemical pulp for papermaking, in a pulp plant so as to drastically reduce the production cost of hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide. SOLUTION: The method for producing the chlorine-free bleaching agent used for chemical pulp and containing chlorine dioxide in a chemical pulp production plant is characterized in that sodium chloride is used as a starting raw material, then sodium chlorate and hydrogen are obtained by electrolyzing the raw material, hydrogen peroxide is prepared from the hydrogen, and chlorine dioxide is obtained by reacting the sodium chlorate and the hydrogen peroxide. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Method for producing polycarbonate

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing polycarbonate according to the interphase method, the inventive method comprising the following steps: (a) an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of a disodium salt of at least one dihydroxydiaryl alkane is reacted with phosgene in the presence of at least one organic solvent, a chain stopper and optionally a branching agent; (b) the oligocarbonates produced according to step (a) are condensed in the presence of at least one catalyst; and (c) the organic phase containing polycarbonate and obtained according to step (b) is separated A sodium hydroxide solution containing a maximum of 30 ppm, preferably a maximum of 10 ppm, sodium chlorate, in relation to 100 wt % sodium hydroxide, is used

Comparative study of the combustion of formulations based on sodium chlorate and polyethylene in the form of powder or tubes

Abstract: A comparative study of the combustion rate under atmospheric conditions, of formulations with different compositions based on sodium chlorate and polyethylene in the form of powder or tubes (layered system) was carried out.

Combustion of a layered system based on sodium chlorate

Abstract: The velocity of combustion under atmospheric conditions in a constant-volume bomb of formulations based on sodium chlorate and polyethylene in the form of tubes (layered system) was subjected to a comparative study in relation to the type of additive, layer porosity, and fraction composition of sodium chlorate.