Showing papers on "Sodium chlorate published in 2010"
Patent•
14 Jul 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for coal combustion improver is described. The preparation method comprises the following steps that: 1. high-stability sodium chlorate and potassium chloride react with each other to produce potassium chlorate when water is added and the sodium chlorates and the potassium chloride are dissolved; 2. leavening agent sodium acetate is introduced to conduct base exchange with humate in coal, low ignition point humate is produced and the ignition performance of the coal is reduced.
Abstract: The invention relates to a preparation method for a coal combustion improver. After common coal is added with coal additives for combustion, the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is obvious and effective. The preparation method comprises the following steps that: 1. high-stability sodium chlorate and potassium chloride react with each other to produce potassium chlorate when water is added and the sodium chlorate and the potassium chloride are dissolved; 2. leavening agent sodium acetate is introduced to conduct base exchange with humate in coal, low ignition point humate is produced and the ignition performance of the coal is reduced; and 3. ferric oxide required by the formula is compound insoluble in water. Thereby, ferric chloride and calcium oxide are used to react with each other to produce ferric oxide when water is added and the ferric chloride and the calcium oxide are dissolved. Other products in the market do not at all have the preparation and application characteristics of the three compounds.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of leaching temperature and time, particle size of the smelting dust, stirring speed, acid concentration and coefficient β on leaching of selenium were studied.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the distribution of Pt(IV) products after oxidation of [PtCl4]2− with NaClO3 and NaBrO3 in acidic solutions.
Abstract: 195Pt NMR has been used to investigate the distribution of Pt(IV) products after oxidation of [PtCl4]2− with sodium chlorate (NaClO3), sodium bromate (NaBrO3), and H2O2 in acidic solutions and, for comparison, with H2O2 in water. The relative rates of oxidation of [PtCl4]2− with NaClO3 and H2O2 in 1 mol L−1 HClO4 at 50°C are comparable, while that with NaBrO3 is significantly higher. Our 195Pt NMR results confirm previous work on the oxidation of [PtCl4]2− with H2O2 in water, which results in mainly trans-[PtCl4(OH)2]2− as product. By contrast oxidation of [PtCl4]2− with NaClO3 and NaBrO3 in acidic solutions results in the distribution of several [PtCl n (H2O)6− n ]4− n (n = 2–6) and [PtCl n Br m (H2O)6− n − m ]4− n − m (n, m = 2–6) species; notably the distribution of product species is dominated by cis-[PtCl4(H2O)2] in solution. This species can be unambiguously identified by the 35Cl/37Cl-isotope-induced effects on the 195Pt NMR resonance shape in solution. trans-[PtCl4(OH)2]2− was co-crystallized with...
13 citations
Patent•
06 Oct 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a method adopting starchiness material to prepare high-pure chlorine dioxide was proposed, and the reaction condition is gentle and reaction speed is quick; the reactionis also stable and safe; the operation is convenient; the productivity of chlorine dioxide is high, the purity is high; and the manufacturing cost is low.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method adopting starchiness material to prepare high-pure chlorine dioxide Dried starchiness material and catalyst are added into the sodium chlorate solution and the mass ratio between the sodium chlorate, starchiness material and catalyst is controlled to be 1:080-140:001-01; then the reaction system is heated to 50 to 70 DEG C and then the sulfuric acid of 1/1 isslowly added into the mixture while stirring and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 50 to 90 DEG C and the concentration of the sulfuric acid in the system is 45 to 80mol/L and then the chlorine dioxide is guided out under the negative pressure; and the catalyst is the complex-type ammonium citrate vanadyl The reaction condition is gentle and the reaction speed is quick; the reactionis also stable and safe; the operation is convenient; the productivity of chlorine dioxide is high, the purity is high; and the manufacturing cost is low
6 citations
Patent•
23 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for producing high purity chlorine dioxide with high purity by adopting a combined reducing agent was proposed, which comprises the following steps of: injecting concentrated sulfuric acid and a sodium chlorate solution into a generator to form a reacting mother solution; maintaining the reaction mother solution to a certain acidity, temperature and the content of sodium chlorates; then adding a combined reduction agent formed by mixing methanol, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid or sodium chloride to react for generating chlorine dioxide gas and a byproduct namely acid mirabilite; cooling and then
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine dioxide with high purity by adopting a combined reducing agent. The method comprises the following steps of: injecting concentrated sulfuric acid and a sodium chlorate solution into a generator to form a reacting mother solution; maintaining the reacting mother solution to a certain acidity, temperature and the content of sodium chlorate; then adding a combined reducing agent formed by mixing methanol, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid or sodium chlorate to react for generating chlorine dioxide gas and a byproduct namely acid mirabilite; cooling and then absorbing the chlorine dioxide gas by using low temperature frozen water to obtain a water solution of chlorine dioxide; and simultaneously recovering the byproduct. The conversion rate of the chlorine dioxide produced by the method is improved by 3-6 percent as comparison with that of the chlorine dioxide produced by a single reducing agent, the stability of chemical reaction is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the chlorine amount in the chlorine dioxide solution and tail gas exhausted from a chlorine dioxide absorbing tower is remarkably reduced.
6 citations
Patent•
17 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a controlled expanding chemical (CEC) and its activation system is described, and the mixture of chemicals activated by a totally electronic/electrical system to break (fracture - demolish - split) rock and concrete and hard formations; without creating any shock waves, fly-rock, vibrations and without producing hazardous gases and having no damage or harm for human and living things.
Abstract: This invention is related to a controlled expanding chemical (CEC) and its activation system. In this invention the mixture of chemicals activated by a totally electronic/ electrical system to break ( fracture - demolish - split) rock and concrete and hard formations; without creating any shock waves, fly-rock, vibrations and without producing hazardous gases and having no damage or harm for human and living things comprises chlorates selected from magnesium chlorate, sodium chlorate, barium chlorate, potassium chlorate as alone or mixture of two or more with ratio of 30 - 70 % by weight of mixture, oxalates selected from calcium oxalate, ferrous oxalate, lithium oxalate, potassium oxalate, sodium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferric sodium oxalate, ferric potassium oxalate as alone or mixture of two or more with ratio of 5 - 35 % by weight of mixture, sugar or lactose or starch or any combination of them with ratio of 10 - 40 % by weight of mixture, boron oxide (boroxide) (B2O3) with ratio of 2 - 25 % by weight of mixture, and borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H2O) with ratio of 1 - 20 % by weight of mixture.
4 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that anaerobic adaptation of S. Typhimurium to sodium chlorate during pure culture is likely due to the selective propagation of low numbers of cells exhibiting spontaneous resistance to chlorate and this resistance is not reversible by molybdenum supplementation.
4 citations
Patent•
30 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-liquid acid etching liquid oxidant used for all kinds of copper chloride etching systems was described. But the main advantage of the two-liquice acid etcher is that the amount of dissolved copper is large, the side etching is small, no sediment is produced during use and the stability is high.
Abstract: The invention relates to a two-liquid acid etching liquid oxidant used for all kinds of copper chloride etching systems. The two-liquid acid etching liquid oxidant contains the following components by weight percent: 35-37 percent of sodium chlorate, 6-8 percent of sodium chloride, 0.15-0.25 percent of additive and 55-58 percent of water. The invention has the advantages that the amount of dissolved copper is large, the side etching is small, no sediment is produced during use and the stability is high.
4 citations
Patent•
23 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a method for adopting crop stalks to prepare high-pure chlorine dioxide was described, in which the mixture was heated to 60 to 70 DEG C in water, the sulfuric acid of 1/1 isslowly added into the mixture while stirring, and then the chlorine dioxide is guided out under negative pressure and is absorbed by iced water; the catalyst is the complex-type ammonium citrate vanadyl.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for adopting crop stalk to prepare high-pure chlorine dioxide The crushed and dried crop stalks and catalyst are added into the sodium chlorate solution and the mass ratio between the sodium chlorate, crop stalk and catalyst is controlled to be 10:120 to 220:001 to 010; then the reaction system is heated to 60 to 70 DEG C in water, the sulfuric acid of 1/1 isslowly added into the mixture while stirring, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 50 to 90 DEG C, the concentration of the sulfuric acid in the system is 45 to 80mol/L, and then the chlorine dioxide is guided out under the negative pressure and is absorbed by iced water; and the catalyst is the complex-type ammonium citrate vanadyl The reaction condition of the invention is gentle andthe reaction speed is quick; the reaction is stable and safe; the operation is convenient; the productivity of chlorine dioxide is high, the purity is high; and the manufacturing cost is low
3 citations
Patent•
30 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a sheet-type chlorine dioxide gas generant, which comprises a ventilation bag, is used to prevent corrosion and refreshing of fruits and vegetables in the packaging container of the articles.
Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet-type chlorine dioxide gas generant, which comprises a ventilation bag The invention is characterized in that: the bag is also provided with an A sheet absorbing a mixture of sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate, glycerol and water and a B sheet absorbing a mixture of citric acid or tartaric acid and water When the sheet-type chlorine dioxide gas generant is in use, the A and B sheets are overlaid together in the ventilation bag, then the ventilation bag is adhered into the packaging container of the articles to be refreshed, and the chlorine dioxide gas generated in the bag permeates and dissipates outside the bag to form a refreshing gas protection circle around the fruits and vegetables to be refreshed to achieve the effects of preventing corrosion and refreshing
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mutual influence of barium peroxide and sodium perchlorate on thermolysis of the (2 ⎯ x)BaO2-xNaClO4 system (x = 0-2.0) has been studied.
Abstract: The mutual influence of barium peroxide and sodium perchlorate on thermolysis of the (2 ⎯ x)BaO2-xNaClO4 system (x = 0-2.0) has been studied. It has been demonstrated that the use of the physicochemical mechanism of this influence makes it possible to carry out heterogeneous combustion in complex oxide systems in the controlled regime by changing the mutual concentration of solid inner reaction oxidizers. An explanation of the thermal and kinetic effects in the thermolysis of the peroxide-per� chlorate system has been suggested. Alkali metal chlorates and perchlorates decompose on heating to evolve oxygen. This makes them suitable for using as oxygen sources in oxidation reactions, including the selfpropagating hightemperature syn� thesis (SHS) of complex oxides, which requires the presence of a fuel and oxidizer in the reaction system (1, 2). In the SHS of complex oxide materials, solid inner reaction oxidizers, such as sodium perchlorate NaClO 4 , can be used as an alternative or complement to gaseous oxygen. Sodium perchlorate contains more than 50 wt % of oxygen, which is completely evolved at relatively low temperatures (3). However, in the com� bustion reaction, the time interval of the vigorous oxy� gen evolution from the solid oxidizer may not coincide with the intense exothermic oxidation reaction (com� bustion) of the metal component. If this is the case, the chemical reaction rate significantly decreases, which leads to incomplete reaction of the components and even to combustion failure. The kinetic parame� ters of sodium perchlorate thermolysis can be changed by both external physical actions (for example, electric field (4)) and various chemical additives. As is known, small additions (up to 4 wt %) of some metal oxides catalyze the thermolysis of potassium perchlorate and sodium chlorate (5). Inasmuch as metal oxides are components of reaction mixtures for the SHS of complex oxide materials, if the character of the influence of some oxide on perchlorate is known, it is possible to find the bath composition at which the process will be controllable and will proceed at defi� nite rates and temperatures. In SHS processes, alkali metal and alkaline earth peroxides are often used as oxide components. For example, barium peroxide BaO 2 is used in the synthesis of hightemperature superconducting ceramics (HTSC—YBa2Cu3O 7- x), barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19), barium stannate (BaSnO 3 ), etc. In these systems, the fuel is a powder of a corresponding metal: iron, copper, and tin. Thus, to determine optimal component ratios when sodium perchlorate is used as a solid inner reaction oxidizer, it is necessary to know the mechanism of the influence of superstoichiometric NaClO4 , as a chemical addi� tive, on the synthesis in these systems. To determine this mechanism, we considered the mutual influence of NaClO4 and BaO2 on thermolysis of these com� pounds in the reaction mixture.
TL;DR: A new family of cathodic materials for the electrosynthesis of sodium chlorate based on iron aluminide doped with a catalytic element such as ruthenium has recently been reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, a preparation method of high-purity nanometer bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) from silver-zinc slag by hydrometallurgical method was described.
Abstract: Silver-zinc slag, containing a lot of Bi, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb and a little Au, has high comprehensive utilization value. This paper describes a preparation method of high-purity nanometer bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) from silver-zinc slag by hydrometallurgical method. The results showed that Bi could be effectively leached out from silver-zinc slag using sodium chlorate, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride as leaching agents, and the leaching rate of Bi was up to 99.03% under the optimum conditions. The contents of Pb2+ and Ag+ in BiCl3 solution could be reduced to about 1mg/L by using silver-zinc slag as reductant and sodium iodide (NaI) as precipitant, respectively. Crystalline form of Bi2O3 is affected greatly by concentration of NaOH, conversion temperature and time. The suitable temperature of BiOCl converting to Bi2O3 was 90 , and the suitable surfactant was polyvinyl alcohol. The average particle size of Bi2O3 obtained was about 86 nm, the purity of Bi2O3 was up to 99.75%, and the yield was 98.21%.
Patent•
08 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a solution generator consisting of a retort, an acid liquor metering pump, a sodium chlorate solution metering pumps, a heating water jacket, a safety valve, a water ejector, and a control panel.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and in particular relates to a chlorine dioxide solution generator taking sodium chlorate as a reaction raw material. The chlorine dioxide solution generator comprises a retort, an acid liquor metering pump, a sodium chlorate solution metering pump, a heating water jacket, a safety valve, a water ejector, and a control panel, wherein an acid liquor distributor and a sodium chlorate solution distributor are arranged on the lower part in the retort in turn; the lower end of the retort is provided with a retort exhaust valve; the upper part and the lateral surface of the retort are provided with a chlorine dioxide gas outlet and a chlorine dioxide solution outlet respectively; and the heating water jacket is also provided with a heating water jacket feed liquor and discharge air valve, an air communication valve, a heating water level display, a heating water temperature monitoring controller, and the like. The chlorine dioxide solution generator has the advantages of compact and small structure, simple operation, safe and reliable running, and convenient maintenance and use.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The principle of the two methods, the use, the main characteristics, the safety and the development of two kinds of the equipment were introduced in this paper as discussed by the authors, and the principle of one of them was introduced in the paper.
Abstract: The apparatus for supplying oxygen and the one for removing carbon dioxide were necessary to ensure the safety of persons in closed environment Generating oxygen by potassium peroxide and sodium chlorate were the most common chemical oxygen-generating methods in closed environment at present The principle of the two methods, the use, the main characteristics, the safety and the development of the two kinds of the equipment were introduced in this paper
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the preservation effect of slow-release preparation with larger release amount of chlorine dioxide was better than that of slow release preparation with smaller release amount, and the preservation effects on winter jujube stored at low temperature were compared.
Abstract: [Objective]The purpose of the research was to supply scientific basis for preservation of winter jujube. [Method]The preparation method of chlorine dioxide with sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid as raw materials,urea as reducer and MnO2/Cr2O3 as catalyst was researched. And the low-temperature and slow-release chlorine dioxide preparations 1 and 2 were prepared by using this method and their preservation effects on winter jujube stored at low temperature were compared. [Result]After optimization by orthogonal test,the best preparation technology of chlorine dioxide was as follows:the temperature was 70 ℃,the acidity was 6 mol/L,the proportions of m(MnO2) to m(Cr2O3) and n(NaClO3) to n(CO(NH2)2) were 3:1 and 2.5:1 resp. Under this condition,the yield rate and purity of produced chlorine dioxide all reached above 95%. After the slow-release chlorine dioxide preparation was applied,compared with control group,the contents of titratable acid and Vc in winter jujube were higher and its weight loss rate,respiratory intensity and alcohol content were lower. The preservation effect of slow-release preparation 1 with larger release amount of chlorine dioxide was better than that of slow-release preparation 2 with smaller release amount. [Conclusion]The preservation effect of winter jujube could be enhanced by using slow-release chlorine dioxide preparations effectively.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a new solid-state chlorine dioxide preservative was designed based on the fact that chlorine dioxide gas is generated from chlorate exposed to sulphur dioxide gas donated by sulfates.
Abstract: A new solid-state chlorine dioxide preservative was designed based on the fact that chlorine dioxide gas is generated from chlorate exposed to sulphur dioxide gas donated by sulfates.The respective effects of diatomite,sodium carbonate and calcium oxide added to the preservative on chlorine dioxide release were explored.In addition,the applicability of the preservative in Golden Queen melon storage was evaluated.Results showed that sodium metabisulphite as a sulphur dioxide donor effectively reduced sodium chlorate to generate chlorine dioxide.The respective additions of diatomite,sodium carbonate and calcium oxide gave an effective regulation on the amount and time course of chlorine dioxide release.Golden Queen melons treated with the preservative consisting of sodium chlorate and sodium metabisulphite(1:1.5,m/m) exhibited a commodity rate of up to 85% after 3 months of storage under the conditions of 4-7 ℃ and 80%-90% relative humidity.This demonstrates an excellent preserving effect of the preservative on Golden Queen melons.
Patent•
09 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of providing an apparatus for producing perchlorate, capable of reducing power consumption in electrolytic oxidation of a perchloric acid, was addressed. But the problem was not addressed.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for producing perchlorate, capable of reducing power consumption in electrolytic oxidation of a perchloric acid.SOLUTION: The apparatus for producing perchlorate includes an electrolytic cell in which an anode side where an anode 4 is provided and a cathode side where a cathode 5 is provided are separated with a cation exchange membrane 6 and electrolytic oxidation of an aqueous sodium chloride solution, an aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution or an aqueous sodium chlorate solution is performed on the anode side. In the electrolytic cell, the anode 4 is composed of a multilayer electrode formed by laminating a first mesh electrode 41a having a predetermined mesh size and a second mesh electrode 41b having a mesh size larger than the predetermined mesh size, and the cation exchange membrane 6 is sandwiched between the anode 4 and the cathode 5 in such a way that the first mesh electrode 41a is in contact with the cation exchange membrane 6.
Patent•
25 Aug 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a Teflon ® -coated UV lamp is optionally used to irradiate a solution of chlorate, which can be used to disinfect, bleach and for a variety of industrial and commercial purposes.
Abstract: Chlorate including sodium chlorate is used to produce chlorine dioxide gas upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a suitable catalyst and an electric current. Chlorine dioxide gas can be used to disinfect, bleach and for a variety of industrial and commercial purposes. A Teflon ® -coated UV lamp is optionally used to irradiate a solution of chlorate.