Sodium chlorate

About: Sodium chlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 791 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6844 citations.

Kinetics of the Reaction for Generation of Chlorine Dioxide from Sodium Chlorate and Hydrochloric Acid

Abstract: Based on the mechanism of ClO3-/Cl- reaction system, the kinetics for reaction of sodium chlorate and hydrochloric acid to generate ClO2 was studied. The rate equation of this reaction system was deduced and simplified as a formula with mixed-order (combination of first-order and second-order) towards ClO3-. This rate formula indicates that the initial rate of the reaction is the first-order with respect to ClO3-, and the reaction rate is the second-order with respect to ClO3- when [ClO3-] becomes close to zero. The rate constants of the first-order were determined as 0.0168s-1(30°C), 0.0221s-1(40°C), and 0.0279s-1(50°C), respectively, and that of the second-order were obtained for 0.0019L·mol-1·s-1(30°C), 0.0028L·mol-1·s-1(40°C), and 0.0060L·mol-1·s-1(50°C), respectively. The results of statistic test prove that the rate formula obtained in this work is credible.

Process for the simultaneous and economic production of energy sources, fresh water and by-products from aqueous substances and an energy source

Abstract: It makes boillir the aqueous substance, eg sea water, under pressure sends the steam produced in uneturbine deturbo-alternator to produce electricity, the residual vapor is condensed into fresh water and recovered as a byproduct the evaporation residue, e.g., sea salt. To ship steam directly or as it leaves the turbine, on iron heated to about 800 ° C, which supplies hydrogen and, as a byproduct, ferric oxide and the source initial energy is, in addition to solar energy, any known source of energy even unprofitable, such as coal located at great depths. The starting aqueous substance, in addition to seawater, sewage sludge, a rock salt solution or a mixture of mud and saline. In the case of sludge, by-product is a dry fertilizer and sterilized, converted into fuel briquettes. The salt residue is transformable by electrolysis into hydrogen and sodium chlorate, which is a fuel, sludge-salt residue provides a combustible mixture, sodium dried-chlorate sludge mixable to refuse to support the combustibility thereof . Sodium chlorate is converted into potassium chlorate and water vapor pressure can be condensed in remote reservoirs and heat recovered. The energy produced can be used in the method.

Improvements in or relating to the production of phosphate coatings on metals

Abstract: An acid solution of a coating metal phosphate containing a chlorate accelerator, which is used to produce coatings on a series of metal surfaces, is continuously or intermittently replenished with a composition in which, on a molar basis, the quantity of ClO3 ion present relative to P2O5 ion is half the quantity of ClO3 ion relative to P2O5 ion present in the starting solution Preferably the P2O5:ClO3 ratio of the starting solution is between 1:04 and 1:06 and the P2O5:CiO3 ratio of the replenishing composition is between 1:02 and 1:03 The metal coated may be iron or steel, the phosphate is preferably zinc phosphate the chlorate may be sodium chlorate, and the solution may also contain nitrates, nitrites and heavy metal salts Specification 672,367 is referred to

Conductances, densities, and viscosities of concentrated solutions of lithium chlorate and of sodium chlorate in water–dioxane mixtures, at 25°

Abstract: The conductances, densities, and viscosities of sodium chlorate and of lithium chlorate in the solvents 44.5% dioxane–55.5% water and 64.5% dioxane–35.5% water were determined, at 25 °C, almost up ...