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Sodium chlorate

About: Sodium chlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 791 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6844 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, the composites of polyethylene oxide:polyaniline:sodium chlorate are characterized by FTIR and SEM, and the predominant peaks that appeared in FTIR spectra confirm the formation of PEO:PANI:NaClO 4 composites.
Abstract: The composites of polyethylene oxide:polyaniline:sodium chlorate is prepared by stirring with anhydrous acetonitrile for 5–6 h to form homogeneous solutions/gels at different weight percentages. The composites are characterized by FTIR and SEM. The predominant peaks that appeared in FTIR spectra confirm the formation of PEO:PANI:NaClO 4 composites. It is found from the SEM studies that there is a significant change in the morphology of various weight percentages of NaClO 4 in PEO–PANI matrix, i.e. from ellipsoidal to square. DC conductivity behavior is seen due to hopping of polarons from one localized state to another that can be confirmed by Mott theory. It is observed from the DC conductivity and SEM studies that these composites can be promising candidates for solid state electrolytes.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Paraquat could be an effective desiccant for rice, but dose, application timing, and cultivar must be taken into account prior to its use.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary hydroxyl groups in cellulose were oxidized to carboxylic acids in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium bromide and chloride.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of varied amounts of hydrochloric acid on concentrations and current efficiencies of these by-products have been studied with laboratory membrane cells and its application to industrial electrolysis are discussed.
Abstract: To obtain higher chlorine purity hydrochloric acid can be added to the feed brine of membrane cells in alkali chloride electrolysis. During the electrolytic process hydroxide ions migrate from the cathode compartment into the anode compartment. Hydrochloric acid neutralizes these hydroxide ions and, hence, formation of the by-products (oxygen in the anode gas and sodium chlorate in the anolyte) is reduced. With laboratory membrane cells the effects of varied amounts of hydrochloric acid on concentrations and current efficiencies of these by-products have been studied. Under normal operating conditions (with pH of feed brine between 2 and 11) the formation of by-products is not influenced by the addition of acid. Effects can only be observed at brine pH values<1. Maximum effects occur if the brine pH is 0.1 and the anolyte pH is 2. The latter value is the limiting pH given by the membrane suppliers. At this point 6.3 dm3 hydrochloric acid (37% HCl) per 1 m3 of the feed brine have to be added in order to obtain an anode gas with 0.4% oxygen by volume. The formation of sodium chlorate is completely suppressed. Problems connected with this process and its application to industrial electrolysis are discussed.

23 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20237
202215
202110
202014
201925
201836