Sodium chlorate

About: Sodium chlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 791 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6844 citations.

Nanofiltration of concentrated aqueous salt solutions

Abstract: Nanofiltration processes using one or more conventional nanofiltration membrane modules under a positive applied pressure is used to selectively change the concentration of one solute, such as sodium chloride or sodium chlorate providing monovalent ions, from another solute such as sodium sulfate or sodium dichromate to provide multivalent ions in high salt aqueous concentrations. The process is particularly useful in favourably lowering the concentration of undesirable ions, particularly, of silica and dichromate ions in chloralkali and chlorate brine containing solutions and favourably raising the sodium sulphate level relative to sodium chloride in chloralkali liquor.

Inhibition of chemoautotrophic nitrification by sodium chlorate and sodium chlorite: a reexamination.

Abstract: The oxidation of NH4+ by Nitrosomonas europaea was insensitive to 10 mM NaClO3 (sodium chlorate) but was strongly inhibited by NaClO2 (sodium chlorite; Ki, 2 μM). The oxidation of NO2− by Nitrobacter winogradskyi was inhibited by both ClO3− and ClO2− (Ki for ClO2−, 100 μM). N. winogradskyi reduced ClO3− to ClO2− under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and as much as 0.25 mM ClO2− was detected in the culture filtrate. In mixed N. europaea-N. winogradskyi cell suspensions, the oxidation of both NH4+ and NO2− was inhibited in the presence of 10 mM ClO3− after a 2-h lag period, despite the fact that, under these conditions, ClO2− was not detected in the filtrate. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that, in mixed culture, NH4+ oxidation is inhibited by ClO2− produced by reduction of ClO3− by the NO2− oxidizer. The use of ClO3− inhibition of NO2− oxidation in assays of nitrification by mixed populations necessitates cautious interpretation unless it can be shown that the oxidation of NH4+ is not affected.

Production of chlorine dioxide

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is generated at high efficiency from feeds of chlorate cell liquor, sulphuric acid and methanol by a hybrid of reaction of sodium chlorate with sulphuric acid and methanol and reaction of sodium chlorate with sulphuric acid and sodium chloride. The reaction medium is maintained at its boiling point under a subatmospheric pressure while sodium sesquisulphate precipitates from the reaction medium.

Static and dynamic properties of a network of wormlike surfactant micelles (cetylpyridinium chlorate in sodium chlorate brine)

Abstract: The structure of solutions of cetylpyridinium chlorate micelles is studied by light scatterAg and found to be analogous to that of polymer solutions in good solvent and in the semi dilute range. In contrast the micellar solutions are found here to be very fluid and their measured rheological properties are strikingly different from that of polymer solutions. These rheological properties are not accounted for by the recently developed model for semi dilute solutions of equilibrium polymers which described well the properties of other similar wormlike micellar systems. We suggest that the existence of crosslinks rather than entanglement points in the network of wormlike micelles could be responsible for these unexpected properties.

Effect of Powder Properties on the Intensity of Raman Scattering by Crystalline Solids

Abstract: The effect of particle size on Raman intensity has been measured for a number of crystalline solids with a fiber-optic-based Raman spectrometer. Particle sizes ranged from 76 to 605 μm. Materials examined were sodium nitrate, sodium chlorate, sodium bromate, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide, and copper(II) sulfate. Raman intensity was found to decrease with increasing particle size. The factors responsible for this trend are discussed. We conclude that the major factor is diffuse reflectance that enhances the overlap between the excitation and collection beams. The depth of sample contributing to the Raman signal has been examined for both powders and tablets as a function of powder particle size. Materials examined in this study were sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium chlorate, sodium bromate, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide, and copper(II) sulfate. For nonabsorbing powders, the depth of sample contributing to the signal exceeded 15 mm. The effect of the pressure used in forming tablets on the Raman signal strength and reproducibility has been examined for sodium nitrate. The Raman intensity was found to decrease with increasing pressure until a tablet of constant density was formed. The effect of particle size and particle size mismatch on the sodium nitrate Raman signal in binary mixtures with potassium chloride, potassium bromide, and potassium iodide has been examined. Good reproducibility was found to require matching of component particle sizes.