Sodium chlorate

About: Sodium chlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 791 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6844 citations.

Kinetics and disposition of orally dosed sodium chlorate in sheep.

Abstract: Experiments were conducted in sheep to determine excretory characteristics of sodium chlorate after a single oral dose. In Exp. 1, lambs (n = 16; age = 8.1 ± 1.7 d; BW = 8.2 ± 1.1 kg; mean ± SD) were dosed orally with 0, 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate. Twenty-four hours after exposure chlorate residues were dose dependent (P < 0.05) in small intestinal contents, serum, and urine, but chlorate residues were not consistently detected in cecal or colonic contents. In Exp. 2, non-pregnant yearling ewes (BW = 74.8 ± 5.6 kg; mean ± SD) were orally dosed with 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate. Across dose, chlorate residues averaged from 47 to 114, 0.6 to 4.5, and were not detectable to 0.2 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, in serum of treated animals; in feces, residues averaged 29 to 82, 0.8 to 14, and were not detectable to 1.2 μg/mL at the same respective time periods. In Exp. 3, six lactating ewes (BW = 76.3 ± 8.0 kg) were dosed orally with 450 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate; residues were measured in serum, milk, urine and feces in periods encompassing 0 to 8, 8 to 16, 16 to 24, 24 to 32, 32 to 40, and 40 to 48 h. Chlorate residues in milk were detectable at all time periods with concentrations averaging from 287 ± 67 to 26 ± 13 μg/mL during the first and last collection periods, respectively. Urine contained the greatest concentration of chlorate at each time point and averaged 480 ± 268 μg/mL at 40 to 48 h. Depletion half-lives in serum, milk, urine, and feces were estimated to be 6.2, 27, 19, and 10 h, respectively; milk, urinary and fecal half-lives are likely overestimated due to the fact that 8-h sample pools were used in half-life estimations. In Exp. 4, three wethers (BW = 87.1 ± 5.3 kg) each were orally dosed with 14 or 42 mg/kg BW of sodium chlorate; blood samples were serially collected for 48 h, and urine samples were collected at 0 to 8, 8 to 16, 16 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h. Estimates of absorption and elimination half-lives based on serum chlorate concentrations were about 0.4 and 2.5 h, respectively. Urine collected during the 6 h immediately following dosing contained the greatest concentrations of chlorate residues relative to subsequent collection periods. Rapid removal of chlorate from the gastrointestinal lumen suggests that effects of chlorate on colonic and fecal gastrointestinal bacteria may occur through mechanisms other than direct luminal contact between microbe and chlorate salts.

Process for the production of chlorine dioxide

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of chlorine dioxide by the reaction of an alkali metal chlorate with sulfur dioxide in an acidic medium containing chloride ions The improvement involves introducing sulfur dioxide and chlorine to an acidic solution of sodium chlorate containing chloride ions, while maintaining equilibrium conditions in said solution in which the solution is 50 to 64 normal in sulfuric acid, 09 to 17 molar in chlorate, and 01 to 06 molar in chloride

Ion exchange chromate removal

Abstract: The present invention relates to removal of chromate from an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate and chloride, particularly sodium chlorate and sodium chloride in a selected ratio which has been obtained by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride containing chromate in which the essentially chromate free aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorate and chloride contains the chlorate and chloride in essentially the same selected ratio. In the process the chromate containing aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorate and chloride is acidified with hydrochloric acid to a pH value not smaller than 0.5 and passed through an anionic ion exchange resin bed which has previously been saturated with alkali metal chlorate and chloride. The bed is then regenerated by passing an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal chloride therethrough to remove chromate therefrom. An acidified aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride is then passed through the bed to convert the resin to an acid form and an aqueous solution of essentially chromate free alkali metal chlorate and chloride acidified with hydrochloric acid to a low pH value but not smaller than 0.5 is passed through the bed to saturate the resin with the alkali metal chlorate. The effluents from the regeneration stages may then be used as feedstock for the electrolysis to produce the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorate and chloride, after suitable additions of chromate and chloride solutions.

Method for producing flocculant utilizing waste steel pickler

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing a flocculant utilizing a waste steel pickler. The method comprises steps of: step 10. obtaining weights of divalent Fe and trivalent Fe in the pickler; step 20. preparing a polymeric iron chloride flocculant, wherein the step 20 comprises a step 21. of weighing sodium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of a total Fe amount to sodium dihydrogen phosphate equal to 1.05:0.05-1, adding into the pickler and stirring till dissolving; step 22. weighing trisodium phosphate according to a mass ratio of a total Fe amount to trisodium phosphate equal to 5-20:1 and adding into a hydrochloric acid solution containing 10-20% of hydrochloric acid; step 23. mixing the solutions prepared in the step 21 and the step 22; step 24. weighing sodium chlorate according to a mass ratio of a total Fe amount to sodium chlorate equal to 2-15:1 and adding into a hydrochloric acid solution containing 4-8% of hydrochloric acid; step 25. adding the solution prepared by the step 24 into the solution prepared by the step 23 and stirring to prepare the polymeric iron chloride flocculant. The method has advantages of reducing waste acid treatment cost to the lowest, recycling for producing useful products and complete environment friendly harmless treatment.