Showing papers on "Sodium propionate published in 1987"
TL;DR: A strong protective environment was afforded to the methanogens against heavy metal toxicity in the sludge, indicating a strong protective environments was afforded the metanobacterium against heavyMetal toxicity inThe sludge.
Abstract: The effect of ammonium chloride, sodium butyrate, sodium propionate, and the heavy metals nickel, zinc, and copper on methanogenesis by pure cultures of Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanosarcina ba...
113 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that lymphocytes of the SHR have a greater capacity for sodium uptake through the sodium-proton exchanger, as compared with normotensive strains, which would support the hypothesis of a primary role for the kidney in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension.
Abstract: The sodium-proton exchange activity was determined in lymphocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and domestic Wistar rats. Uptake of sodium was determined by measuring the osmotic swelling of lymphocytes after activation of the exchanger by suspension of the cells in sodium propionate and consequent intracellular acidification by the permeant weak acid. Fractional swelling (mean +/- SEM) in 16 SHR and 16 WKY was 0.44 +/- 0.03 and 0.35 +/- 0.02, respectively (p less than 0.01). The swelling was partially inhibitable by amiloride and, at 10(-4) M concentration, the amiloride-sensitive swelling was 0.21 +/- 0.02 in SHR and 0.11 +/- 0.01 in WKY (p = 0.001). Progressive extracellular ion substitutions of chloride for propionate or of potassium for sodium showed that the exchange activity was related linearly to cellular acidification; however, the dependence on extracellular sodium displayed saturation characteristics, with the same apparent Km for cells from SHR and WKY and a Vmax of 0.54 +/- 0.03 for SHR and 0.39 +/- 0.02 for WKY (p less than 0.002). External lithium could replace sodium on the exchanger but abolished the differences between strains. Results in the domestic Wistar rats were similar to those of WKY. These results suggest that lymphocytes of the SHR have a greater capacity for sodium uptake through the sodium-proton exchanger, as compared with normotensive strains. If shared by other cells, such an increased capacity could have a pathophysiological role in genetic hypertension. In particular, its presence in proximal renal tubular cells would support the hypothesis of a primary role for the kidney in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension.
64 citations
TL;DR: The results are interpreted to suggest that changes in the products of ruminal fermentation may not be exactly translated into the products appearing in the portal circulation, and more information is needed to describe these relationships.
Abstract: Four Holstein steers (mean body weight, 211 +/- 20 kg) were utilized in a Latin-square design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the effects of monensin (0 or 220 mg/d) and sodium propionate (0 or 450 g/d) on net nutrient flux. Steers were surgically prepared with hepatic portal and mesenteric venous catheters and an elevated carotid artery, after which they were adjusted to their basal diet (85% concentrate) and initial treatment over 19 d. Samples of arterial and portal venous blood were taken hourly over 3 h for the final 3 d of each 2-wk period. Portal blood flow was determined by primed continuous infusion of para-aminohippurate. No changes were seen in dry matter intake, portal blood flow, or net portal flux of any of the volatile fatty acids with the exception of butyrate flux, which decreased with monensin addition. Addition of monensin decreased net portal flux of ammonia, decreased recycling of urea, and tended to increase the net portal flux of glucose. Addition of sodium propionate increased the net portal flux of glucose and decreased the net portal flux of alpha-amino-N. These results are interpreted to suggest that changes in the products of ruminal fermentation may not be exactly translated into the products appearing in the portal circulation, and more information is needed to describe these relationships.
31 citations
TL;DR: NaB, at an EC50 of 1 mM, was also found to inhibit both the beta‐adrenergic and the forskolin‐mediated increase in cAMP levels in these cells, suggesting that NaB may inhibit cells from expressing S‐100 protein by attenuating cAMP Levels.
Abstract: Sodium butyrate (NaB), when added to cell cultures, produces a variety of morphological and biochemical changes. We examined its effects, in nM concentrations, on the expression of two glioma cell-associated proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein in human glioma-derived cell line (RF), and of S-100 protein in the C6 rat glioma cell line. GFAP levels decreased by about 50% in the RF cell line, and S-100 protein levels decreased protein levels decreased by about 40% after treatment with 1 mM NaB for 48 h. In the C6 rat glioma cell line, isoproterenol with theophylline was found to increase S-100 levels by two-fold over basal levels. NaB was found to inhibit the induction of S-100 protein but exhibited no effect on the basal levels of the protein. Other short chain fatty acids, including sodium propionate and sodium isobutyrate, exhibited partial inhibitory activity. NaB, at an EC50 of 1 mM, was also found to inhibit both the beta-adrenergic and the forskolin-mediated increase in cAMP levels in these cells. This suggests that NaB may inhibit cells from expressing S-100 protein by attenuating cAMP levels.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the infrared spectra of CH3CH2COONa and its 13C-labeled modifications (1-13C, 2-13c, and 3 -13C) suspended in KBr disks were measured in the region 4000 -200 cm-1 at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature.
Abstract: The infrared spectra of CH3CH2COONa and its 13C-labeled modifications (1-13C, 2-13C, and 3-13C) suspended in KBr disks were measured in the region 4000 -200 cm-1 at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. Overlapping complex band contours appeared in some regions of the room temperature spectrum, most notably in the region 1500 -1350 cm-1, where 5 fundamentals having contributions from the methyl deformation, methylene bending, and carboxylate stretching modes should occur. In contrast to this, excellent resolution was reached at the low temperature, from which all 22 fundamentals expected in the whole spectral region investigated were detected. A complete assignment of the fundamentals is proposed mainly on the basis of the characteristic isotopic shifts of the three 13C substituted sodium propionate species. A fair number of the fundamentals were found to feature coupled modes having contributions from several group vibrations.
10 citations
TL;DR: Of the three Propionate doses tested, the 3.0 mmol/kg dose appeared to saturate the uptake and disposal mechanisms of healthy liver and should be the most satisfactory dose for observing the plasma glucose response to injected propionate.
6 citations
Patent•
01 Jun 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a powdery sodium carbonate of agitated state is quickly added with about equivalent amount of liquid propionic acid, and the mixture is left standing for 20min-1hr until the conversion reaches 85-95%, when the system is agitated again to complete the reaction.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled compound in powdery state remarkably decreasing mechanical load, by quickly adding about equivalent amount of liquid propionic acid to powdery sodium carbonate under agitation, stirring the mixture for a short time in the mixing operation, leaving the mixture and again mixing the product. CONSTITUTION:Powdery sodium carbonate of agitated state is quickly added with about equivalent amount of liquid propionic acid preferably within 5min and preliminarily mixed for several minutes at room temperature - 140 deg.C, preferably room temperature - 100 deg.C. The mixture is left standing for 20min-1 hr until the conversion reaches 85-95%, when the system is agitated again to complete the reaction. When the conversion reaches >=97%, the mixture is successively dried to remove water produced by the reaction and obtain dried powdery sodium propionate. EFFECT:The process has remarkable industrial advantages such as the elimination of the agitation of bituminous mixture which has been unavoidable in conventional process, the use of a simple apparatus such as a ribbon blender as a reactor, etc.
3 citations
TL;DR: Fortification with the sodium salts of three branched-chain fatty acids as sources of carbon in SM medium (alone) reduced methane production, but by combining these acids with straight chain fatty acids inSM medium, methane production increased significantly (about 4-fold) in proportion to the concentration of straightChain fatty acids added.
3 citations
Patent•
28 May 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, a fluidized powder of sodium carbonate is used to effect its reaction with propionic acid under specific conditions to produce the titled compound with no use of an antiblocking agent, where the product is suitably used as a preservative for bun, cake or animal feed with antiblocking properties.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A fluidized powder of sodium carbonate is used to effect its reaction with propionic acid under specific conditions to produce the titled compound with no use of an antiblocking agent, where the product is suitably used as a preservative for bun, cake or animal feed with antiblocking properties. CONSTITUTION:Propionic acid is gradually added dropwise to sodium carbonate at room temperature to 140 deg.C at an addition rate of 0.5-10hr so that the sodium carbonate can keep its fluidized state to effect the reaction between them into granular sodium propionate. The granules are dried as they are to give the objective compound. Even when sodium carbonate containing 28.5% particles passing through 1.50 mesh, the amount of particles of the product passing through 1.50 mesh is less than 5.0% and the median of the particle distribution ranges from 40-80 mesh. Further individual particles have round surfaces. EFFECT:The particles are always kept fluidized and the objective compound with antiblocking properties is obtained with reduced mechanical load, e.g., by using a simple equipment such as ribbon blender.
2 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: Suspensions of isolated rat liver mitochondria were incubated at constant extramitochondrial pH with ATP, ADP, Pi, 3-OH-butyrate, and acetoacetate and measurements were made of the steady state water volume of the mitochondrial matrix, transmembrane pH difference, level of cytochrome c reduction, concentration of metabolites, and rate of oxygen consumption.
Abstract: Suspensions of isolated rat liver mitochondria were incubated at constant extramitochondrial pH (pHe) with ATP, ADP, Pi, 3-OH-butyrate (3-OH-B), and acetoacetate (acac) (the last two were varied to maintain [3-OH-B]/[acac] constant), with or without sodium propionate to change the intramitochondrial pH. Measurements were made of the steady state water volume of the mitochondrial matrix, transmembrane pH difference, level of cytochrome c reduction, concentration of metabolites, and rate of oxygen consumption.