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Showing papers on "Sodium propionate published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The possible effects of organic acids or an organic salt on the rate of gastric emptying was studied to identify the cause for reduced postmeal responses of blood glucose and insulin to foods containing such components, eg, sourdough bread.

159 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that orally supplied propionate affects both glucose and cholesterol metabolism as judged from lowered urinary glucose excretion, fasting blood glucose and liver cholesterol pools.
Abstract: It has increasingly been suggested that the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetic, propionic and butyric acids, derived from colonic fermentation of dietary fibre and other indigestible carbohydrates, exert different physiological effects. Formation of propionic acid is discussed in terms of beneficial effects on glucose and cholesterol metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible metabolic effects of propionic acid and to differentiate between effects mediated in the upper gastrointestinal tract and those mediated in the hind-gut. For this purpose, obese hyperinsulinaemic (fa/fa) rats were studied during a 19 d test period. Sodium propionate was either fed orally through the diet (1 g/d), or infused rectally (0.15 g/d) to animals given diets high in cholesterol (20 g/kg) and saturated fat (130 g/kg). At the end of the test period total liver cholesterol pools were 20% lower (P < 0.01) in rats given dietary or rectally infused propionate (481 and 484 mg respectively) compared with the control group (614 mg). This was due to lower liver weights (P < 0.05) in propionate-treated animals, 15.5 and 15.3 g, v. 18.2 g in the control group, and no differences were noted in hepatic cholesterol concentrations. The urinary glucose excretion was measured during days 15-19 and was found to be lower (P < 0.05) in rats fed with propionate (23 mg) compared with the control group or the group infused rectally (39 and 38 mg respectively). In addition, fasting plasma glucose concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05) over the test period. It is concluded that orally supplied propionate affects both glucose and cholesterol metabolism as judged from lowered urinary glucose excretion, fasting blood glucose and liver cholesterol pools. On the other hand, propionate administered to the hind-gut at a physiologically relevant level reduces the hepatic cholesterol pool.

115 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lambs acquired preferences for straw conditioned with doses of propionate typically considered ineffective in the regulation of food intake, and osmolalities generated by propionates did not cause, but probably attenuated, food preferences.
Abstract: We hypothesized that volatile fatty acids are feedback signals that condition food preferences in ruminants, and we tested two predictions based on this hypothesis : 1) low doses of propionate condition preferences for low-quality foods (Exp. 1) and 2) preferences are not caused by osmotic load (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, lambs were offered chopped wheat straw flavored with either oregano or onion on odd days, whereas on even days flavors were switched and lambs received capsules containing sodium propionate. During four 8-d conditioning periods, the amounts of propionate delivered ranged from.7 to 1.4% of the daily DE intake (Period 1) or were fixed at.7% (Period 2) and 1% of the daily DE intake (Periods 3 and 4). After each 8-d conditioning period, lambs were offered oregano- and onion-flavored straw. Conditioning was then suspended and lambs were offered onion- and oregano-flavored straw at weekly intervals for 1 mo (extinction). Lambs preferred the flavor paired with propionate during conditioning (P < .001) and extinction (P <.07). During Exp. 2, a different group of lambs was conditioned as in Exp. 1, but sodium chloride was delivered at osmotic loads equivalent to those when propionate supplied.7% and 1% of the daily DE intake. Lambs strongly avoided the flavor paired with sodium chloride (P <.001). Thus, lambs acquired preferences for straw conditioned with doses of propionate typically considered ineffective in the regulation of food intake, and osmolalities generated by propionate did not cause, but probably attenuated, food preferences.

104 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of dietary sucrose on the metabolic rate of plasma glucose and ruminal propionate as well as the change in nitrogen kinetics were examined in four mature wethers fitted with rumen fistulas in Tsukuba, Japan in 1990.
Abstract: The effects of dietary sucrose on the metabolic rate of plasma glucose and ruminal propionate as well as the change in nitrogen kinetics were examined in four mature wethers fitted with rumen fistulas in Tsukuba, Japan in 1990. Wethers were fed at 12 equal intervals daily on crushed lucerne hay cubes (1233 g DM/day), with or without 204 g/day of sucrose. Plasma urea and glucose kinetics were determined following a single intravenous injection of [ 15 N]urea and [U- 13 C]glucose respectively ; and the kinetics of ruminal ammonia and propionate were determined following a single intraruminal injection of [ 15 N]ammonium chloride and [2- 13 C]sodium propionate respectively. Following supplementation of sucrose to the diet, nitrogen retention was increased (P < 0.05) with a decrease in plasma urea concentration (P < 0.05) and urinary urea excretion (P < 0.05). Sucrose supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration and irreversible loss rate of ruminal ammonia. Urinary allantoin excretion did not change with sucrose treatment, but the flow rate of non-ammonia-nitrogen from the rumen was increased (P < 0.05). The transfer rate of ruminal ammonia to plasma urea was also decreased (P < 0.01), whilst the transfer rate of plasma urea to ruminal ammonia was increased (P < 0.05) by dietary sucrose. Sucrose supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of propionate and butyrate (P < 0.05) in the rumen with no significant change in acetate or pH. The concentration of plasma glucose did not change with sucrose treatment, but the concentration of insulin, pool size (P < 0.05) and the irreversible loss rate of glucose (P < 0.01) were increased, reflecting the increase in the production rate of ruminal propionate (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the supplementation of sucrose affected the metabolism of urea and glucose in plasma via a change in ruminal production rate of ammonia and propionate, respectively.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Scott A in pork liver sausage containing 22-67% fat, and antilisterial activities ofsodium lactate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate and sodium propionate were studied during storage at 4C and 10C.
Abstract: Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in pork liver sausage containing 22-67% fat, and antilisterial activities ofsodium lactate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate and sodium propionate were studied during storage at 4C and 10C. Commercial pork liver sausage batter (22% fat), alone and with additions of lard (15, 30, and 45% by weight) were tested. Concentrations of 1.8% sodium lactate, 0.1% sorbate as the acid or the potassium salt, and 0.2% sodium propionate were tested in heat sterilized sausage inoculated with a 24 h culture of the organism (10 4 CFU/g). Fat content alone caused small reductions in cell numbers by the end of the storage periods: from log CFU/g of 9.9 to 9.4 after 14 days at 10C, and from 7.3 to 6.5 after 50 days at 4C in the basic sausage formulation and with 45% added fat, respectively. The inhibitory activities of lactate and propionate increased with increase in fat content, and were more pronounced at 4C, where the effects were listericidal. Inhibition by sorbic acid was least influenced by the fat content, and the potassium salt was less antilisterial than the acid.

29 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of the four salts, only lactate supported growth, oxygen consumption and ATP production, and while concentrations of 1 and 5% propionate, acetate and citrate did not have an effect on oxygen consumption, they inhibited ATP production.
Abstract: The effects of sodium propionate, acetate, lactate and citrate on cell proliferation, glucose and oxygen consumption, and ATP production in Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in growing and resting cells. Media pH was 6.7-6.8. Growth inhibition increased while glucose consumption continued in the presence of ≥ 1% propionate, ≥ 3% acetate and ≥ 5% lactate in broth during incubation at 35°C, indicating that glucose consumption was uncoupled from cell proliferation. Acetate and propionate were the most effective antilisterials, whereas citrate (5%) was only slightly inhibitory. Of the four salts, only lactate supported growth, oxygen consumption and ATP production. While concentrations of 1 and 5% propionate, acetate and citrate did not have an effect on oxygen consumption, they inhibited ATP production. ATP production in the presence of the four salts was consistently lower at pH 6.0 than at neutral pH. Lactate served as an alternative energy source for L. monocytogenes in the absence of glucose but became toxic to the organism in the presence of the carbohydrate.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that in vitro the acid and salt forms of VFA excite contractions of the rumen by both cholinergic and non-cholinergic mechanisms.

12 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the fermentability and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced from various indigestible carbohydrates in the hind-gut using balance experiments in rats.
Abstract: The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed from colonic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates have been suggested to exert different physiological effects. In this thesis the fermentability and SCFA produced from various indigestible carbohydrates in the hind-gut were investigated using balance experiments in rats. In the case of propionate, experiments were also performed to evaluate possible metabolic effects. The quantity of material fermented in the hind-gut correlated well with the total amount of SCFA produced in caecum. However, the caecal distribution of the individual SCFA: acetic, propionic, and butyric acid varied between the different materials tested. s-glucans and raffinose produced high proportions of butyric acid (15%), whereas guargum gave high proportions of propionic acid (27%). Mixtures of indigestible carbohydrates gave higher proportions of butyric acid (19%) than all the individual substrates tested. Fermentation of resistant starch produced intermediate caecal proportions of propionic (about 16%) and butyric acid (9%). To increase the amount of starch fermented in the hind-gut, an -glucosidase inhibitor, Acarbose, was added at two levels to a starch based diet containing a mixed source of dietary fibres. The caecal SCFA pool was almost doubled but without a change in distribution of butyric acid (18%). However, with the Acarbose supplemented diets, the concentration of propionic acid increased in colonic contents, and in distal colon butyric acid concentration increased at the higher level of Acarbose. When probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri R2LC and/or Lactobacillus plantarum DSM9843) were added to a mixed diet based on oat-meal, SCFA pools and distributions were unaffected in comparison with a diet without probiotics. Antibiotic treatment resulted in significantly lower concentrations of SCFA twelve days after ceased treatment, as well as an alteration in the SCFA pattern. The distribution of butyric acid in caecum decreased from 17% to 4%, whereas the amount of succinic acid increased from 0 to 25%. The amount of succinic acid decreased along the hind-gut to be only 2% in faeces, whereas that of butyric acid remained low. The effect of sodium propionate on cholesterol and glucose metabolism was investigated using obese hyperinsulinaemic rats. Inclusion of sodium propionate to a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol reduced both fasting blood glucose levels and glucose excretion in urine in comparison to rats fed a diet without propionate. In addition, total pool of cholesterol in the liver decreased. When propionate was infused rectally to the large bowel only the liver cholesterol levels were reduced. However, this effect was achieved with a significantly lower dosage. (Less)

10 citations


Patent
28 May 1996
TL;DR: In this article, anhydrous percarboxylic acid was used as an epoxidizing agent for polyisoprene in the presence of an organic solvent such as hexane, ethyl acetate or toluene.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the subject compound useful as a raw material for polymer stabilizers, plasticizers, adhesives and coating in high selectivity by simple purification while suppressing side reaction such as ring opening of epoxy and self decomposition, etc., of peroxide by reacting polyisoprene with anhydrous percarboxylic acid. CONSTITUTION: (A) Polyisoprene (e.g. having 5000-100000 number-average molecular weight) is reacted with (C) anhydrous percarboxylic acid as an epoxidizing agent (e.g. performic acid, peracetic acid or perpropionic acid) in the presence (absence) of (B) an organic solvent such as hexane, ethyl acetate or toluene to provide the objective compound. Furthermore, the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of 0.01-1.0wt.% of an alkali metal salt of a weak acid such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium acetate or sodium propionate.

3 citations


Patent
07 Jun 1996
TL;DR: The mold growth inhibiting products of this invention effectively inhibit mold growth in food stuffs such as corn and wheat tortillas, cream cheese, bagels, fruit fillings, and other baked goods, dairy products and processed fruit and meat products.
Abstract: The invention is novel mold growth inhibiting products for various food stuffs, and a method of making and using the same. The mold growth inhibiting product is generally a mixture of various compounds, including: a first compound which is generally azodicarbonamide, a second compound which is generally lactic acid, fumaric acid, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, sorbic acid, salts of sorbic acid, calcium propionate, potassium propionate, sodium propionate, propionic acid, salts of propionic acid or mixtures thereof. In a second embodiment of the invention, a third compound is added which lowers the decomposition temperature of the azodicarbonamide. The third embodiment of the invention is a liquid mixture of the above described dry mixtures and water. All embodiments of this invention are added to the food stuff in the same or greater percentages of current day mold inhibitors, yet the resultant food stuff has no off flavor, taste or color which is normally imparted by current day mold inhibitors. Additionally, the food stuffs incorporating the mold inhibiting products of this invention have increased shelf lives as the mold inhibiting products are more effective than current day mold inhibitors. The mold inhibiting products of this invention effectively inhibit mold growth in food stuffs such as corn and wheat tortillas, cream cheese, bagels, fruit fillings, and other baked goods, dairy products and, processed fruit and meat products.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that high growth does not necessarily impart greater surface activity to the cells, and the production of a potent biosurfactant whose surface activity can bring a marked decrease in surface tension.
Abstract: Batch growth studies of Rhodococcus rubra on different substrates using 3.34% Czapek medium supplemented with 0.2% sodium propionate, nutrient broth, starch and ammonium sulphate respectively were investigated. A 3.34% Czapek medium supplemented with a range of concentrations (0–1%) of yeast extract were also investigated in order to maximise the biomass concentration and the surface activity related to the cells. Results suggest that both the biomass concentration and the amount of surface active materials which are produced during growth are dependent upon the quantity and the nature of the substrate. Results using starch as a nutrient source suggest the production of a potent biosurfactant whose surface activity can bring a marked decrease in surface tension. In addition, high growth does not necessarily impart greater surface activity to the cells. Growth inhibition studies using sodium laurate were carried out and the results suggest that R. rubra cannot be grown in a broth containing 50mg l−1 of thi...