Showing papers on "Sodium propionate published in 2019"

An Efficient New Process for the Selective Production of Odd-Chain Carboxylic Acids by Simple Carbon Elongation Using Megasphaera hexanoica

Abstract: The caproate-producing bacterium, Megasphaera hexanoica, metabolizes fructose to produce C2~C8 carbon-chain carboxylic acids using various electron acceptors. In particular, odd-chain carboxylic acids (OCCAs) such as valerate (C5) and heptanoate (C7), were produced at relatively high concentrations upon propionate supplementation. Using a statistical experimental design method, the optimal culture medium was established for the selective production of OCCAs among the total produced acids. In a medium containing 2.42 g L−1 sodium acetate and 18.91 g L−1 sodium propionate, M. hexanoica produced 9.48 g L−1 valerate, 2.48 g L−1 heptanoate, and 0.12 g L−1 caproate. To clarify the metabolism of the exogenous added propionate for OCCAs production, 13C tracer experiments were performed by supplementing the culture broth with [1,2,3-13C3] propionate. The metabolites analysis based on mass spectrometry showed that the propionate was only used to produce valerate and heptanoate without being participated in other metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the carbon elongation pathway in M. hexanoica was explained by the finding that the incorporation of propionate and acetate in the produced valerate occurred in only one orientation.

Development of sodium propionate-based deep eutectic solvents for polyphenol extraction from onion solid wastes

Abstract: The objective of the study presented herein was the optimisation of onion solid waste (OSW) polyphenol extraction, using sodium propionate-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and process variables optimised through response surface methodology. Initial screening of several novel DESs composed of either L-lactic acid or glycerol as hydrogen bond donors, and sodium propionate as the hydrogen bond acceptor, showed that the DES with glycerol/sodium propionate at a molar ratio 8:1 was the highest-performing system. Extraction optimisation showed that theoretical optimal settings were 85% (w/w) aqueous DES, 100 mL g−1 liquid-to-solid ratio and a stirring speed of 900 rpm. Under these conditions, the temperature assay demonstrated that extraction may be performed at 80 °C, without compromising total polyphenol yield and antioxidant activity. Comparison with other green solvents showed that the DES tested could provide extracts with high flavonoid concentration and superior ferric-reducing power. The stability test performed over a period of 30 days suggested that OSW extract may suffer no significant alterations in the polyphenolic profile, but the antiradical activity may be enhanced. Changes in the antioxidant behaviour were not correlated with changes in the two major OSW constituents, quercetin 4′-O-glucoside and quercetin.

Propionate alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipid dysmetabolism by modulating gut microbiota in mice.

Abstract: AIMS The aims were to examine whether oral sodium propionate supplementation regulate lipid metabolism through modulating gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS ICR male mice (26·98 ± 0·30 g) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) and fed control diet (Con), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD plus propionate (Pro) respectively. In this study, we found that HFD increased the weight of final body, inguinal white adipose tissues (iWAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and perirenal white adipose tissue (pWAT), as well as the adipocyte mean area of iWAT and eWAT in mice (P < 0·05), whereas sodium propionate treatment reduced the weight of iWAT and pWAT as well as adipocyte mean area of iWAT in mice fed a HFD (P < 0·05). Moreover, in the iWAT, the mRNA expression of lipogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1β, was upregulated by HFD challenge (P < 0·05), and the elevation of these genes was nearly reversed to the level of control diet-fed mice by sodium propionate treatment. Meanwhile, sodium propionate treatment increased the hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA expression in the iWAT of HFD-fed mice (P < 0·05). High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that sodium propionate treatment significantly recovered the gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, including the richness and diversity of microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reductions in colonic levels of butyrate and valerate were reversed by sodium propionate treatment, which also normalized the serum LPS level seen in HFD-fed mice to the levels of the control diet-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicated that sodium propionate treatment could improve lipid metabolism in HFD-fed mice, and the potential mechanisms might be via regulating gut microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We demonstrated for the first time that oral sodium propionate significantly improved HFD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, indicating that the mitigative effect of propionate for HFD-induced lipid dysmetabolism might be mediated by gut microbiota in mice.

Hepatic Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Responses Induced by Cecal Infusion of Sodium Propionate in a Fistula Pig Model

Abstract: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major products of the microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs are known to improve the host metabolism, but their underlying mechanism of action remains elusive. In this study, 16 growing pigs were infused with saline or sodium propionate solution (25 mL, 2 mol/L) through a cecal fistula twice a day during a 28 day experimental period. The results showed that the cecal infusion of the SCFA propionate decreased serum and liver triglyceride levels and increased serum PYY secretion in growing pigs. Hepatic metabolomics identified 12 metabolites that were significantly altered by propionate. These included decreased levels of lipid metabolism-related stearic acid and glycerol-2-phosphate; increased levels of TCA cycle components including malic acid, fructose-6-phosphate, and succinic acid; and decreased levels of the amino acid metabolism products aspartic acid and serine. Hepatic transcriptomics demonstrated that propionate inhibited fatty acid synthesis and promoted the lipid metabolic process. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that propionate accelerated gluconeogenesis and decreased glycolysis. Taken together, these data support a role of the SCFA propionate on host lipid and glucose metabolism.

Cecal Infusion of Sodium Propionate Promotes Intestinal Development and Jejunal Barrier Function in Growing Pigs.

Abstract: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation facilitate the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal epithelium. However, the role of individual SCFAs, such as propionate, on intestinal development is still unclear. In the present study, sixteen barrows fitted with a cecal fistula were randomly divided into two groups for cecal infusion of either saline (control group) or sodium propionate (propionate group). After 28 days, the length and the relative weight of intestinal segments were calculated, the intestinal morphology was assessed, and the expression of tight junction protein was measured using qPCR and Western blotting. Compared to the saline group, the length of the colon was significantly increased in the propionate group (p < 0.05). The jejunal villi length and villi/crypt ratio in the propionate group were significantly higher than in the saline group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, propionate infusion significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Claudin-4 and the expression of Claudin-1, Claudin-4, and Occludin protein in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings revealed that the short-chain fatty acid propionate in the hindgut contributed to intestinal development, and selectively enhanced jejunal tight junction protein expression.

Clean production and preparation method of testosterone propionate

Abstract: The invention discloses a clean production and preparation method of testosterone propionate. According to the method, testosterone is used as a raw material and subjected to esterification and refining so as to obtain a testosterone propionate product with a purity of greater than or equal to 99.5%; and waste acid water generated in the preparation process is subjected to neutralization with sodium carbonate, decoloration with activated carbon, suction filtration and concentration so as to prepare a sodium propionate byproduct, so pollution of wastewater to the environment is reduced. According to the invention, when high-purity testosterone propionate is prepared, the components in the waste acid water are effectively recycled to obtain the byproduct sodium propionate, so cost is reduced, and the clean production of testosterone propionate is realized.

Photosynthetic bacteria culture simple and convenient propagation culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a photosynthetic bacteria culture simple and convenient propagation culture medium. Per liter of an aqueous solution comprises the following components by mass: 2.5-3.5 g of sodium propionate, 1.0-2.0 g of ammonium chloride, 2.5-3.5 g of peptone, 8-10 g of sodium chloride, 1.0-1.5 g of sodium bicarbonate. 0.4-0.6 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.24-0.26 g of sodium hydroxide, 0.03-0.05 g of manganese sulfate, 0.002-0.005 g of ferrous sulfate, and 0.0006-0.001 g of sodium glutamate. The photosynthetic bacteria culture simple and convenient propagation culture medium and the preparation method thereof do not need yeast cream, is low in production cost, and low in equipment requirement. Used water is tap water or well water, production operation is simple and convenient, and capacity of resisting sundry fungus is strong. In addition, photosynthetic bacteria generated by using the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium are highin viable count, and not easy to decay.

Marinobacter strain with aerobic denitrification capability and application thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a Marinobacter strain with aerobic denitrification capability and application thereof, and relates to the Marinobacter. The Marinobacter sp.1A14215 is separated from deep sea water with the depth of 4432m in South Indian Ocean. The Marinobacter sp. 1A14215 can perform denitrification nitrogen removal by taking nitrate and nitrite as unique nitrogen sources respectively under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and a denitrification end product is N2 and N2O is not released. The denitrification action is carried out in the nitrogen-containing simulated wastewater, and thecarbon sources of the nitrogen-containing simulated wastewater are respectively sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium succinate, sodium propionate, glycerol and maltose. The Marinobacter sp.1A14215 can be applied to biological denitrification of the nitrogen-containing wastewater and sea freshwater aquaculture.

Organic Draw Solutions and their Temperature Effects for Renewable Electricity Production by Closed-Loop Pressure Retarded Osmosis

Abstract: The urge to use sustainable green energy to meet the ever-increasing energy demand is inevitable due to the depletion of existing fossil fuels sources. Closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process is one of the renewable technologies which can produce green energy without having any deleterious effects on nature. It is a process which combines both PRO (source of generating power) and a downstream separation process, such as membrane distillation (MD), for the regeneration of draw solution. An appropriate draw solution selection is a key to successful implementation of closed-loop PRO process for sustainable energy generation. In this study, few organic compounds such as potassium citrate (KCit), calcium acetate (CaAc), potassium oxalate (KOxa), potassium acetate (KAc), ammonium acetate (NH4Ac), ammonium carbamate (NH4C), ammonium formate (NH4F), potassium formate (KF), sodium glycolate (NaGly), sodium propionate (NaP) and calcium propionate (CaP) were identified for the first time as highly effective draw solutions (except for NaP). Using a desktop screening method, the organic compounds were identified by considering physical state at ambient condition, water solubility, and osmotic pressure. The draw solutions were comprehensively evaluated for water flux, power density and reverse salt flux through a laboratory-based investigation of the PRO process. The peak power densities achieved for the identified draw solutions were 5.32 W/m2 to 6.73 W/m2 at a 2.8 MPa osmotic pressure. These peak power densities increased from 109% to 118% (11.1 W/m2 to 14.64 W/m2) when increasing the osmotic pressure of the draw solutions by 50% (i.e. 4.2 MPa). A significant increase in the peak power density was obtained due to the very low reverse salt flux for the organic draw solutions (0.029 to 0.0699 mol m-2 h-1 and 0.0325 to 0.0854 mol m-2 h-1 at osmotic pressures of 2.8 MPa and 4.2 MPa, respectively). The identified organic draw solutions were also analyzed as distillable and thermolytic through gravimetric method for the identification of potential downstream recovery methods to recycle the draw solutions in the closed-loop PRO process. This research concludes that, except for ammonium carbamate, all other aforementioned draw solutions could be potentially recovered using the membrane distillation process. As the temperature is directly associated with solution physicochemical properties, this research has been further extended to observe the effect of temperature on the performance enhancement of the closed-loop PRO process. The effect of temperature has been studied on two organic draw solutions, potassium acetate (KAc) and sodium propionate (NaP), due to a similar osmotic pressure with NaCl. It has been found that KAc and NaP show ~31% (8.5 Wm-2 to 11.1 Wm-2) and ~27% (8.1 Wm-2 to 10.3 Wm-2) increase respectively in power density while increasing the operating temperature from 20 degree C to 40 degree C. It has been further investigated that reversal salt flux is ~5-8 times lower for organic salt than NaCl. A comparison shows that at 40 degree C, potassium acetate and sodium propionate produce 23% and 14.5% higher power density over sodium chloride draw solution. Based on the result of this study, increased power production coupled with a lower reversal salt flux has made organic salt as a potential draw solution for the future research in the PRO process.

A formula for rust-inhibiting paint for iron castings

Abstract: A formula for rust-inhibiting paint for iron castings is disclosed. The formula includes emulsion, iron oxide red, borax, poly(vinyl alcohol), sodium propionate, talc powder, sodium tripolyphosphate,acrylic resin polyurethane copolymerized resin, a sodium nitrite compound corrosion inhibitor, water, carboxymethylcellulose, N-lauroyl glutamic acid and inositol hexaphosphate. The paint can effectively protect castings with good rust inhibiting effects, and is water-proof, corrosion resistant, nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free, environmentally friendly, healthy, and harmless to human bodies.

Production process of benzyl propionate

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of perfume processing, in particular to a production process of benzyl propionate. The production process comprises the following operation steps: carryingout an esterification reaction, namely putting benzyl chloride and a phase transfer catalyst into a sodium propionate solution to carry out the esterification reaction and obtain first crude ester; carrying out primary water washing, namely washing the first crude ester to obtain first saline water and second crude ester; carrying out secondary water washing, namely washing the second crude esterfor a second time with water to obtain second saline water and third crude ester; carrying out vacuum distillation, namely carrying out vacuum distillation on the third crude ester, and carrying outfraction condensation, thereby obtaining a finished product benzyl propionate, wherein the phase transfer catalyst is a mixture of quaternary ammonium salt and quaternary phosphonium salt in a mass ratio of (1-1.6):(0.3-0.7). The green and environmentally-friendly phase transfer catalyst is adopted to replace an organic solvent which is large in toxicity and a catalyst which is intensive in corrosion in a conventional process, the product treatment process is simplified, the production process has the advantages of being green and environmentally-friendly, and the yield of benzyl propionate can be increased when being compared with that of a conventional process.

Formula of protection paint of casting used for high-speed railway

Abstract: The invention discloses a formula of protection paint of a casting used for a high-speed railway. The formula comprises epoxy resin, lemon chrome yellow, sodium propionate, xylene, sodium terephthalate, ethyl formate, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, a polyurethane film forming agent and sodium lauryl sulfate. By means of the protection paint, the high-speed railway casting can be effectivelyprotected, the service life of the casting is effectively prolonged, and the high temperature resistance performance is good.

Formula of corrosion-resisting protective paint for iron casting

Abstract: The invention discloses a formula of corrosion-resisting protective paint for an iron casting. The formula contains waterborne cyclohexanehexol phosphate, cyclohexanehexol phosphate, chlorinated rubber, sodium aluminum silicate, sodium propionate, an antirust pigment, triethylhexyl phosphoric acid, a polyurethane modified cellulose nitrate film-forming agent, water, polydimethylsiloxane, lignosulfonate and sodium lauryl sulfate. The protective paint prepared by the formula can be used for effectively protecting the casting and has the advantages of strong corrosion-resisting performance, no toxicity, no harm and no pollution, and environment friendliness and health.

Phenyl amino sodium propionate derivative, preparation method therefor and application thereof

Abstract: Disclosed are a phenyl amino sodium propionate derivative, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. Specifically, disclosed is 3-(4-(2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethoxyl)phenyl)-2-((2-(4-(4-(2-sodium formate-2-((2-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenyl)amino)ethyl)phenoxy)benzoyl)phenyl)amino)sodium propionate, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof for quality control on the crude drug or formulation of Sitagliptin or its derivative. Particularly, the compound can be used as a reference substance or standard substance for inspection of impurities/related substances in Sitagliptin or its sodium salt drug.