Sodium propionate

About: Sodium propionate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 463 publications have been published within this topic receiving 9451 citations. The topic is also known as: E281 & sodium propionate anhydrous.

Evaluation of food additives and low-toxicity compounds as alternative chemicals for the control of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on citrus fruit.

Abstract: The effectiveness of low-toxicity chemicals as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of post-harvest green and blue moulds of citrus was evaluated. A preliminary selection of chemicals, mostly common food additives, was made through in vivo primary screenings with oranges artificially inoculated with Penicillium digitatum or P italicum. Selected compounds and mixtures were tested as heated solutions in small-scale trials. Immersion of artificially inoculated oranges or lemons for 120 s in solutions at 40.6 degrees C and natural pH of potassium sorbate (0.2 M), sodium benzoate (0.2 M) or mixtures (0.1 + 0.1 M) of potassium sorbate with sodium benzoate, sodium propionate or sodium acetate were the most effective organic acid salts tested and reduced green mould by 70-80% after 7 days of storage at 20 degrees C. The mixtures did not significantly enhance the effectiveness of potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate alone. These solutions were as effective as sodium carbonate or calcium polysulphide treatments and, in general, they were more effective on lemons than on oranges. Satisfactory control of green and blue moulds was obtained by dipping oranges for 150 s in solutions of sodium molybdate (24.2 mM) or ammonium molybdate (1.0 mM) at 48 or 53 degrees C, but not at 20 degrees C. At 53 degrees C, however, the effectiveness of hot water was not enhanced by either molybdate. Molybdenum salts at higher concentrations were phytotoxic and stained the fruit. At non-phytotoxic concentrations, the effectiveness of these solutions was more influenced by temperature than by concentration. In general, the inhibitory effects of all compounds tested were not fungicidal but fungistatic and not very persistent. In conclusion, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and ammonium molybdate, among the wide range of chemicals tested, were superior for the control of post-harvest Penicillium decay of citrus fruit.

Influence of Temperature, pH, Water Activity and Antifungal Agents on Growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus

Abstract: Effect of temperature, pH, water activity, and nine antifungal agents on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus was determined on Sabouraud-Dextrose Agar and on corn. Maximal growth of the two molds occurred at 33°C, the highest temperature used, pH of 5.0 and aw of 0.99. At 15°C, growth was observed at aw of 0.95 but not 0.90. Slight growth was observed at an aw, of 0.85 at 27°C and 33°C. Nine antifungal agents (Botran, Orthocide, Poly-ram 80, Topsin-M, Thiram, Imazalil, sodium propionate, sodium sulfite and DDVP) were tested for inhibition of growth. Activity of the antifungals increased as the aw was decreased. All antifungals showed inhibitory activity, but Imazalil and DDVP were the most effective agents at the lowest concentrations.

Review and an experimental study on the physiological and quantitative aspects of gluconeogenesis in lactating ruminants

Abstract: A short review describes quantitative aspects of glucose metabolism in lactating ruminants, including the contribution of different substrates to glucose synthesis as affected by nutritional and hormonal regulation. Gluconeogenesis from propionate (the major gluconeogenic substrate in the fed state) is mainly regulated by feed intake and increased propionate availability and is less affected by insulin and glucagon. Quantitative estimates of amino acid contribution to glucose synthesis are highly variable (from 2 to 40% of glucose flux), but no conclusive data exist by which this large variation can be explained. An experimental model is described by which nutrient exchanges across the liver as well as the contribution of different substrates to glucose synthesis can be quantitated. The novel approach is continuous infusion of differently labelled (3H and 14C) gluconeogenic substrates into multi-catheterized goats. Results are reported from a preliminary experiment using this model. A goat in mid-lactation was fed hay ad libitum, and the experimental treatments were continuous infusion into a mesenteric vein of either sodium propionate or a complete mixture of amino acids. Measurements were nutrient exchanges across portal-drained viscera and liver, whole body glucose flux rate, and hepatic gluconeogenesis from propionate, lactate and glycerol. Glucose synthesis from amino acids was estimated by difference. Net portal appearance and hepatic uptake of propionate and of amino acids were increased by propionate and amino acid infusions, respectively. Glucose flux rate and hepatic glucose output were not affected by treatments. With propionate infusion, the proportions of liver glucose derived from propionate and amino acids were 62 and 19%, respectively. With amino acid infusion, the corresponding figures were 24 and 36%. Glucagon concentration in portal blood plasma was 2.7 times higher on the amino acid than on the propionate treatment. It is concluded that the hepatic metabolism of propionate and glucogenic amino acids into glucose synthesis is regulated to a great extent by the availability of these substrates, and that glucagon may be involved in this regulation. It is further concluded that the described experimental approach is suitable for investigations of nutrient absorption and hepatic gluconeogenesis.