Showing papers on "Sodium silicate published in 1968"

High‐Pressure Mössbauer Studies of 57Fe in Silicate and Phosphate Glasses

Abstract: The effect of pressure to 200 kbars has been measured on the Mossbauer resonance of 57Fe in a sodium silicate and a sodium phosphate glass. In the silicate glass, the Fe(III) ion is in a tetrahedral site. The isomer shift goes through a maximum (i.e., a minimum in the electron density at the nucleus) with increasing pressure. This is interpreted in terms of competition between the decrease in shielding of the 3s electrons by the 3d electrons and changes in orbital occupation. The octahedral Fe(II) sites also show a combination of site compression, site distortion, and change in orbital occupation with pressure. Both Fe(III) and Fe(II) sites in phosphate glass are octahedral. Both in regard to change of isomer shift and change of quadrupole splitting, these sites behave qualitatively like those in crystalline FePO4 and Fe3(PO4)2, which were previously studied. The Fe(III) ions tend to reduce to Fe(II) with pressure, just as occurs in a large number of crystalline ferric compounds.

The effect of microstructure on the transport properties of glasses in the sodium silicate system

Abstract: The internal friction and DC electrical resistivity of amorphously decomposed binary sodium silicate glasses containing from 4.0 to 18.4 mole % Na2O have been measured. The observed phase separation has little effect upon the internal friction of these glasses. The magnitude and temperature behaviour of the DC electrical resistivity is affected by the degree and type of amorphous decomposition.

Hydrodesulfurization of heavy petroleum distillates

Abstract: 1,262,339. Hydrodesulphurisation catalysts. ESSO RESEARCH & E NG . CO. 17 April, 1969 [3 May, 1968], No. 19717/69. Heading B1E. [Also in Division C5] A hydrocarbon hydrodesulphurisation catalyst comprises Mo or W oxide or sulphide plus Co or Ni oxide or sulphide (or mixtures) on a SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 base containing 1 to 6% SiO 2 , and has a maximum of pores in the range 30 to 70S. It may be prepared from aluminium sulphate, chloride or nitrate and sodium silicate; or from sodium aluminate containing silica by precipitation with aluminium halides, nitrate or sulphate or with HCl, HNO 3 or H 2 SO 4 , followed by impregnating with metal salts. Preferably the support is prepared in the presence of galatonic acid, araboric acid, xylonic acid, mannonic acid or gluconic acid or a sodium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, calcium or lithium salt thereof and has an apparent bulk density of less than 0.70 g./cc.

Foundry moulding sand compositions

Abstract: 1,240,877. Foundry moulding sand. BRITISH NON-FERROUS METALS RESEARCH ASSOCIATION. 24 July, 1969 [26 July, 1968], No. 35923/68. Heading C3N. A foundry moulding sand composition comprises a particulate refractory material admixed with an aqueous fluid, which fluid comprises, in solution, or in stable suspension or dispersion, an alkali metal silicate, a water-soluble oxidizing agent compatible with the metal silicate, and from 9-40%, by weight, on the weight of the fluid, of a readily oxidizable organic material, which is compatible with the alkali metal silicate and the oxidizing agent. The alkali metal silicate used is preferably sodium silicate and of these that having a SiO 2 : Na 2 O weight ratio of 2A0- 3.3 is advantageously used. The aqueous fluid preferably contains from 50-80% by weight, particularly 60-75%, of the commercial sodium silicate solution, whilst the amount of oxidizing agent is preferably 1-15% by weight. The water-soluble oxidizing agent should be compatible with the alkali metal silicate in the sense that it does not prevent the alkali metal silicate from exercizing its function as a sand binding agent and examples of such oxidizing agents are the nitrates, chromates, dichromates, permanganates and chlorates of alkali metals, particularly of sodium and potassium. Mixtures of such agents may be used. Examples of the readily oxidizable materials are starches, dextrine, celluloses, gums, natural resins, sugars and carbohydrate materials, ligneous materials, synthetic polymers, e.g. polyethylene and polystyrene, and hydrocarbon materials, e.g. coal-tars pitch and wood tars and these materials may be used separately or in admixture. Sucrose is a preferred material and a preferred composition includes sucrose and a mixture of a major proportion of sodium chlorate and a minor proportion of sodium dichromate as the oxidizing agent. The aqueous fluid preferably contains from 6-10% of added water but percentages above or below this range are also envisaged. The term # and is used to cover particulate refractory materials in general, e.g. silica, zircon, chrome, olivine or sillimanite. The aqueous fluid may be added to the sand in a wide range of proportions, e.g. 2-8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of sand. Small amounts 0A5-2A0% by weight, of bentonite and soluble dextrine may be added to the sand to improve its green strength.

High‐Temperature Internal Friction and Transport Mechanisms in Sodium Silicate Glasses

Abstract: Recent experimental evidence in favor of a vacancy model of ionic transport in glasses is discussed. The model is applied to new internal friction data on binary sodium silicate glasses. The second, high‐temperature peak in the internal friction spectra of these glasses is apparently due to the stress‐induced diffusion of singly‐bonded oxygen ions. These ions diffuse into vacancies or interstitial sites whose concentration is thermally activated. Approximately 1012 cm−3 free sites are frozen into the glass below 200°C.

Padding dried reactive dye impregnated cellulose textiles with 48-52deg baume sodium silicate for steam fixation of the dye

Abstract: 1,184,412. Dyeing cellulose materials with reacted dyes. FARBWERKE HOECHST A.G. 10 Jan., 1968 [10 Jan., 1967], No. 1469/68. Heading D1B. Natural and regenerated cellulose materials are printed with reactive dyes by applying a print paste containing a thickening agent, water and an organic dyestuff containing at least one of the groups: #-hydroxyethylsulphone sulphonic acid ester, vinylsulphone, monochlorotriazine, dichlorotriazine, 2, 2, 3, 3- tetrafluorocyclobutane-1 -acryloylamino, vinylsulphonylamino, #-hydroxyethylsulphonylamino sulphuric acid ester, #-phenylsulphonylpropionylamino or dichloroquinosaline, drying the material, impregnating the material with a liquid alkali metal silicate of concentration 48-52‹ Be' at pH 11-12 and subsequently steaming preferably at 101-125‹C for up to 200 seconds.

Padding dried reactive dye impregnated cellulose textiles with sodium silicate, 48-52deg baume, for low temperature batch fixation

Abstract: 1,175,171. Fixation of dyes. FARBWERKE HOECHST A.G. 10 Jan., 1968 [10 Jan., 1967], No. 1468/68. Heading D1B. A process for fixing reactive dyes on textile materials made of natural or regenerated cellulose fibres comprises applying a print paste containing water, a thickening agent and an organic dye containing one of the following groups a #-hydroxyethylsulphonesulphuric acid ester, a vinylsulphone, a mono or di-chlorotriazine group, a 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorocyclobutane-1- acryloylamino group, a vinyl sulphonylamino group, a #-hydroxyethyl-sulphonylamino sulphuric acid ester, a #-phenylsulphenylpropienylamino group or a dilchloroquinonaline group, drying the print and impregnating with a liquid alkali metal silicate of concentration 48-52‹ BU at a pH of 11-12 and allowing the fabric to stay at 10-30‹C. Preferably a neutral to weakly alkaline thickener is used and the printed material after impregnation with alkali metal silicate is batched or rolled up at room temperature for 3-48 hours.

Method of preparing fluid self-curing mixture for making foundry cores and moulds

Abstract: A self-curing mixture for preparing foundry cores and moulds comprises a filler, an aqueous sodium silicate binder, a sulphate or sulphonate foaming agent, and a highly basic metallurgical slag with CaO:SiO2 ratio from 15:1 to 30:1 The foaming agent may be a sodium alkylbenzenesulphonate, alkylnaphthalenesulphonate alkyl sulphonate, or alkyl sulphate in an amount 005-02% by wt of the mixture The slag may be a self-disintegrating ferrochromium slag in an amount 20-70% by wt of the mixture The filler, which is about 93 to about 98% of the mix, may be quartz sand, olivine sand or chromomagnesitic powder Optional additives include 05-20% anhydrous calcium sulphate as accelerator, 001-01% alkali metal borate or phosphate, eg borax, as retarder, 001-02% sodium soap, eg sodium naphthenate as foam stabilizer, 1-5% kerosene as foam destabilizer and/or graphite, coal, coke, pitch, sawdust or alumina to improve "knock-out" properties of the set substance The mixture is mixed with 10-55% water and set in a core-box

Production of moulds for metal casting

Abstract: A mould for metal casting comprises a vessel 1 formed of a composition comprising particulate refractory material and organic fibrous material bonded together, the said vessel being surrounded with and supported by packed particulate refractory material 2. The supporting particulate refractory material may be bonded, e.g. by clay, silicate or resin, or may be unbonded. The refractory material (97-65%) of the vessel 1 may be sand, grog chamotte, sillimanite, alumina or any refractory silicate and the organic fibrous material (2-25%) is preferably cellulose, e.g. repulped newsprint. The binder (1-10%) may be sodium silicate, a clay such as bentonite or an organic material such as sulphite lye, a gum or a synthetic resin. The vessel 1 is formed by making an aqueous slurry of particulate refractory material, organic fibrous material and a binder, charging the slurry into the walls of a chamber formed of mesh material to the required shape and expressing the aqueous medium from the slurry through the mesh walls to deposit the body of the solid constituents thereon.

Ferrous melting stock containing a carbon additive and method

Abstract: Ferrous material having a high surface to mass ratio is coated with a liquid composition comprising sodium silicate and finely divided carbon, and the coating is dried. The coated ferrous material is a suitable partial or total replacement for pig iron, or cast iron scrap in the production of cast iron or steel.

Improvements in or relating to the hot-working of metals

Abstract: A metal-working lubricant comprises a solid lubricant plus a frothing agent which, at the working temperature, produces a gas. The lubricant may be graphite or glass, in the form of wool, fibre or powder. The frothing agent may be soaps such as sodium or potassium stearate or palmitate, titanium dioxide or ferric oxide. Powdered glass with the frothing agent may be compacted into a pad using sodium silicate as a binder.

Sand moulds and cores

Abstract: 1,137,703. Foundry mould compositions. FOSECO INTERNATIONAL Ltd. 16 Sept., 1966 [27 Sept., 1965], No. 40949/65. Heading C3N. Sand moulds or cores are formed by shaping and allowing to harden a mixture of: 100 parts by wt. of (a) sand or like particulate material, 1A2-2A5 parts of (b) aq. sodium silicate, and 0A2-1A0 parts of (c) CaSO 4 ; (b) may have SiO 2 /Na 2 O ratio of 2-3A3, with 35-55% solids content; (c) may be anhydrite, gypsum, or plaster of Paris. Also present may be 50- 300% by wt. based on CaSO 4 of (d) a colloid, polymer, or carbohydrate which retards the reaction between (b) and (c); (d) may be a gum, a protein, glucose, dextrose, or sucrose. An auxiliary hardener, e.g. calcium metasilicate or ferrosilicon, may also be present; (b) and (c) react to form calcium silicate.

Binders for heat-resisting materials

Abstract: 1,129,732. Cellular concrete. NAUCHNOISSLEDOVATELSKY INSTITUT BETONA I ZHELEZOBETONA. 22 March, 1967, No. 13453/67. Heading C1H. [Also in Division C3] A binder for heat-resistant materials, e.g. asbestos contains dicalcium silicate, and 20-70 wt. per cent crushed soluble glass (non-hydrated sodium silicate). The dicalcium silicate may be nepheline slurry, Portland cement or friable slag. For an aerated concrete fine diamotte, chamotte sand, NaOH, Al powder, aqueous soluble glass solution and water are added.

Improvements relating to the production of metal and alloy castings

Abstract: Moulds or cores for use in metal casting are formed from a composition containing calcium phosphate, the term "calcium phosphate" being used in the Specification to mean tri-calcium diorthophosphate, (Ca3(Po4)2) with or without other calcium phosphate materials. The proportion of calcium phosphate in the composition may vary from 100% to 20% by weight and hence up to 80% of the composition may comprise ingredients such as magnesium oxide, alumina, zircon, silica, zirconia, mullite molochite and sillimanite. Other substances useful as temporary binders, such as paraffin wax dissolved in trichlorethylene and aqueous ammonium alginate may be incorporated, The calcium phosphate may be chemically precipitated phosphate and/or bone ash phosphate and/or rock phosphate. The moulding composition may also be prepared with the use of sodium silicate, aluminium orthophosphate, ethyl silicate, a resin binder or other airdrying or baking binder. An example of the preparation of the moulding compositions comprises dry mixing 200 grams of chemically precipitated calcium phosphate of average particle size 0.5 microns with 800 grams of bone ash of average particle size 11.3 microns. 382 gms. of this powdered mixture was added to a mixture of 98 ml. of ethyl silicate, 2 ml. of piperidine, 17 ml. of isopropyl alcohol and 3 ml. of distilled water. The paste so formed was thoroughly mixed and rammed into a cavity to form a core in a mould.ALSO:In Example IV, a mould or core composition is prepared by dry mixing 200 g. of precipitated calcium phosphate of particle size 0.5 microns with 800 g. of bone ash of particle size 11.3 microns, plasticizing with water and ammonium alginate and extruding rods of 0.5 inch diameter and 10 inches long. The rods are air-dried and raised to 1250 DEG C. at 70 DEG C. per hour, kept at 1250 DEG C. for two hours and then cooled. The rods may be used as preformed cores in shell castings.

Improvements in or relating to the processing of clay

Abstract: Clay, e.g. kaolin or china clay, is treated to remove titanium mineral impurities by mixing with a suspension of the clay in water a flotation assistant consisting of a water-soluble salt of an alkaline earth (including magnesium) metal or a metal having a sp. gr. greater than 4, an alkali to raise the pH to about 9, a collector for impurities, a frothing agent and subjecting the suspension to a froth flotation process. The suspension may first be deflocculated by adding a deflocculating agent, e.g. sodium silicate, and after adding all the reagents the suspension may be conditioned by agitation. Before flotation is commenced the suspension may be diluted with water to a solids content of 15-20% w./v. The collector for impurities may be oleic acid, the frothing agent pine oil and the alkali ammonium hydroxide. The compounds specified as flotation assistants are water-soluble salts of Ca, Sr, Cu11, Fc11, Pb11, Mn11, and Zn and especially lead acetate, lead nitrate and barium chloride.ALSO:Clay e.g. kaolin or china clay, is treated to remove titanium mineral impurities by mixing with a suspension of the clay in water a flotation assistant consisting of a water soluble salt of an alkaline earth (including magnesium) metal or a metal having a sp.gr. greater than 4, an alkali to raise the pH to about 9, a collector for impurities, a frothing agent and subjecting the suspension to a froth flotation process. The suspension may first be deflocculated by adding a deflocculating agent e.g. sodium silicate, and after adding all the reagents the suspension may be conditioned by agitation. Before flotation is commenced the suspension may be diluted with water to a solids content of 15-20% w/v. The collector for impurities may be oleic acid, the frothing agent pine oil and the alkali ammonium hydroxide. The compounds specified as flotation assistants are water soluble salts of Ca, Sr, CuII, FcII, PbII, MnII, and Zn and especially lead acetate, lead nitrate and barium chloride.

Production of slabs for use in the lining of hot tops and the heads of ingot moulds

Abstract: Slabs of composition suitable for lining the head of an ingot mould are produced by forming an aqueous slurry of granular or powdered refractory, organic fibrous material and a binding agent, placing it in a horizontal slab mould, vibrating to settle the solids and form an aqueous supernatant layer, depositing on the surface of the slurry a dry, heat-insulating composition which absorbs the supernatant layer, compressing, and drying the slab formed after removal from the mould. The refractory may be a silicate, silica flour, olivine, chamotte, alumina, or silica sand or a mixture thereof; the organic fibrous material may be paper pulp, cotton waste, rag stock, nylon fibre, polyester fibre or acrylonitrile fibre or a mixture thereof and the binder may be sodium silicate, a natural gum, urea-formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin or furan resin. The slurry may also contain a fibrous refractory, e.g. asbestos, slag wool, metal fibres or ingredients which react exothermically on ignition, e.g. finely-divided aluminium, with one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrates, iron oxide and manganese dioxide. The heat-insulating composition may have the same composition as that slurried or consist of granular or powdered refractory, e.g. kieselguhr, vermiculite, perlite, ball mill dust or dolomite, powdered organic absorbent, e.g. sawdust, woodflour or wheatflour and binder.