Showing papers on "Sodium silicate published in 1974"

Ion Depletion of Glass at a Blocking Anode: I, Theory and Experimental Results for Alkali Silicate Glasses

Abstract: A theory is presented for the ion depletion of glass beneath a blocking anode. The theoretical model is based on the assumption that the alkali ions in an alkali silicate glass have a much greater mobility than the nonbridging oxygen ions in the alkali-depleted region. In this case, the dc conduction properties of the glass are determined by the motion of the uncombined oxygen ions in the depleted region. Expressions are derived for the spatial variation of the uncombined oxygen ions and for the current-voltage relations in the high- and low-field limits. In the high-field limit, the theory predicts that the current will vary exponentially with the voltage; this behavior is shown in sodium silicate glasses.

Improved inorganic ion-exchangers

Abstract: The possibility of using the sol-gel method for preparation of inorganic ion-exchangers with a silica gel matrix has been demonstrated on the ammonium molybdophosphate-silica gel (AMP-SG) system. For the preparation of the ion-exchanger a sodium silicate solution, containing AMP and components to cause gelling to silica gel after increase of the temperature of the solution, is poured into a hot stirred silicone oil. The solution forms droplets, which are filtered off after their gelling, washed and dried. Beads containing 65 wt.% of AMP per gram of dry material have been prepared by this method and tested in ion-exchange columns for caesium removal from nitric acid solutions. Caesium may easily be desorbed with ammonium chloride or nitrate solutions. The ion-exchanger is suitable for long-time reversible column operation, having not only good chemical, thermal and radiation stabilities but also good mechanical and hydrodynamic properties and resistance to abrasion. It combines the advantage of the good kinetics of ion-exchange obtained with microparticles of precipitated inorganic ion-exchanger, with the low flow resistance of large particles.

Rigid electric surface heating element

Abstract: A rigid electrical heating element having a thin, rigid, electrically insulating, air-impervious layer and a thick, insulating polyurethane layer formed in situ connected to said rigid layer by a conducting film based upon a synthetic resin, electrically conducting particles and potassium silicate or sodium silicate. Electrodes and corresponding electrical connections are mounted on the film after it has been applied by deposition of an aqueous plastic dispersion of said resin particles and silicate material. The silicates being present in the heating film in sufficient quantity to protect the heating film from attack by the starting reaction components of the polyurethane layer. The rigid layer may be a synthetic resin panel having a decorative heat irradiating surface.

High strength, water resistant silicate foam

Abstract: An alkali metal silicate foam composition comprising preferably sodium silicate, cementing agent such as sodium silicofluoride, gelling agent such as linoleic acid and filler such as glass fiber mixed with water and blowing agent to provide foams having high strength, high water resistance and low shrinkage upon curing. Amides and halo-alcohols are used as gelling agents in preferred compositions for exceptional strength and water resistance. Vermiculite and perlite are preferred fillers for a low shrinkage foam composition.

Manufacture of free-flowing particulate heavy duty synthetic detergent composition

Abstract: A heavy duty built synthetic organic detergent powder is made without the need for phosphates or carbonates in the formulation thereof by preparing a base product, such as by spray drying an aqueous mix of an anionic synthetic organic detergent and alkali metal silicate, for example, a crutcher mix of higher linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate and water, in certain proportions, spraying a nonionic detergent onto the dry base and blending with it a powdered anti-redeposition agent. The product made is a free-flowing detergent of desired density and particle size and the process is readily effected in a tumbling drum or twin shell blender without producing excessive lumping or tackiness.

Mold release composition containing tungsten disulfide

Abstract: A composition and method of preparation are herein described for molten release and parting compositions adaptable for use in glass-forming operations. The novel composition comprise a mixture containing tungsten disulfide, a silicate and a setting agent. A preferred composition comprises a mixture of tungsten disulfide and graphite with sodium silicate and a setting agent.

Method of improving glass batch melting by use of water glass

Abstract: In the making of glass containing Na 2 O as an oxide constituent, sodium silicate water solution ("water glass") is used as a batch ingredient to supply a fraction, but only a minor fraction, of the Na 2 O content. Conventional sodium-containing batch materials supply the bulk of the Na 2 O content. Such use of the water glass has been found to improve the batch flow pattern in the glass melting furnace and thereby to increase batch homogeneity. Improvements in seed, cord and production efficiency ("percent pack") are attained.

Manufacture of titanium chloride and metallic iron from titaniferous materials containing iron oxides

Abstract: A reactor operating at a maximum temperature above 1535° C and up to about 1950° C is charged with a mixture of: (a) iron bearing titaniferous ore or its concentrate, or a residue from other operations containing iron and titanium, at least some of which is present as oxides, also (b) silica -- combined or separately added, also (c) one or more chlorides of a third metal of the alkaline or alkaline earth group, such as common salt and/or calcium chloride, also (d) a solid reductant as coke. Some impurities of the original material are removed as volatile chlorides or oxy-chlorides; the titanium also goes off as TiCl 4 in the gas stream, the iron is withdrawn as molten metallic iron, and the third metal added as the chloride: e.g., the sodium of the common salt or the calcium of its chloride unites with the silica to give a silicate, such as sodium silicate (water glass) and/or calcium silicate which acts as a flux to remove the gangue from the iron. Most of the chlorine is supplied by the chlorine in this third-metal chloride through the separation by the chloride interaction with the iron and titanium: including that leaving in the titanium tetra-chloride, and in other volatile chlorides or oxy-chlorides, or remaining in the gangue as non-volatile chlorides. This third metal, such as the sodium and/or calcium, unites with the silica to form an effective silicate flux to remove various solid impurities.

Solid oxidizing compositions

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the preparation of an oxidant-containing solid which is useful as an antiseptic agent, bleaching agent, oxidizing agent, etc. The solid, which can be prepared in a varied degree of water solubility, is prepared by reacting, in aqueous solution an alkali metal silicate with an oxidant which can be hydrogen peroxide or an alkali metal hypohalite. When a hypohalite is used as the oxidant, the resultant solid can be prepared in a varied degree of water solubility. Typically, a solution of sodium silicate is admixed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite, resulting in the formation of a voluminous, white precipitate that can be separated by filtration, decanting and the like, to obtain a solid containing the hypochlorite. The water solubility of this solid can be readily controlled by progressive dehydration of the solid, resulting in increasing water insolubility of the solid. By this method, it is possible to provide a range of hydrogen peroxide or hypohalite-containing solids, the latter having controllable degrees of water solubility, thereby providing a controlled release of oxidant for various treatments such as treatment of drinking water supplies, etc.

Forming highly absorbent, low bulk density sodium silicate by contacting with H2 O2 and heating to about 45° to 60°C

Abstract: Spheroidal aggregates of highly absorbent, low bulk density, readily soluble, high surface area, hydrated, amorphous alkali metal silicate are provided by contacting discrete alkali metal silicate particles with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, absorbing the peroxide into the alkali metal silicate hydrated structure and heating the silicate to destroy substantially all of the hydrogen peroxide.

Paper tube adhesive and paper tube

Abstract: Paper tube adhesive for use in manufacturing convolute spiral paper tubes of greater structural strength and bulk weight. The adhesive comprises a mixture of sodium silicate, solvent and calcium carbonate.

Process for the production of dimensionally stable, planar materials coated on one side

Abstract: A method of producing dimensionally stable, coated cellulose containing base materials wherein one side of the material is coated in a conventional manner with the customary inorganic or organic coating agents, such as sodium silicate or synthetic resins optionally containing coloring agents, pigments and/or hard powdered materials, such as emery, quartz sand, pulverized glass, silicon carbide, pumice, aluminum oxides, kieselguhr or films, and the other side of the material is impregnated with a solution of a silicone fluid in one or more organic solvents and the solvents are optionally evaporated.

Fracture Mechanics of Binary Sodium Silicate Glasses

Abstract: The generally accepted explanation for the discrepancy between the theoretical strengths of 106 psi and the commonly observed strengths of 104 psi for glasses lies in the flaw-stress concentration theory originally proposed by Griffith nearly fifty years ago.

Preparation of cracking catalyst

Abstract: A process for preparing a low surface area attrition resistant silica-alumina hydrogel catalyst wherein sodium silicate is gelled with alum under specifically controlled conditions. The hydrogel composition possesses a pore size distribution wherein the majority of the pores have a diameter of about 45 to 125 A units. The hydrogel catalyst may be advantageously combined with stabilized zeolites to prepare highly active catalysts for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons.

Sound absorption panels or mouldings for outdoor use - made from perlite or obsidian plus sodium silicate and -fluorosilicate

Abstract: In addn to good sound absorption esp at low frequencies the matl has good fire- and weather-resistance, 100 pts wt dry, burnt or sintered granular perlite or obsidian is mixed with 50-100 pts wt sodium silicate, and 7-12 wt % sodium fluorosilicate wrt the wt of sodium silicate, then moulded to the required shape using a press of 15-3 kg/cm2 The sodium silicate functions as binder and the fluorosilicate as a fixing, setting or bedding matl; fillers, eg CaO, alumina, ZnO, china clay or diatomite can be added and multi-layer panels can be made with air cavities etc

Dimensional stabilization of wood with water soluble fire retardant bulking chemicals compared with polyethylene glycol-1000

Abstract: Mono and diammonium acid phosphate, ammonium sulfamate, and sodium silicate were compared with polyethylene glycol-1000 as bulking dimension stabilizing agents using Engelmann spruce cross sectional wafers. Limiting antiswell efficiencies are equal to the volume fraction of chemical in a saturated solution. The experimental antiswell efficiencies due to bulking are the percent increase in the dry cross sectional area of the wafers caused by deposition of dry chemical within the cell walls divided by the percent swelling in water. These values for the phosphates, the sulfamate, and the polyethylene glycol approach the limiting values from solubility indicating that chemical continues to diffuse into the cell walls as the wood is dried to virtually attain a saturated solution within that structure. The sodium silicate gave an apparent negative antiswell efficiency as collapse of the fibers on drying exceeded the actual bulking. Antiswell efficiencies between 0 and 30% relative humidity, 0 and 90% relative humidity and 30 and 90% relative humidity were in general still lower. This is largely due to the treated systems taking up more water than the controls, especially at the higher relative humidity. Antiswell efficiencies for the mono ammonium acid phosphate ranged from 20 to 27%, for the diammonium acid phosphate from 28 to 37%, the ammonium sulfamate from 51 to 66% and the polyethylene glycol from 63 to 77%.

Ion‐beam production using thermionic ion emission from sodium silicate in a plasma

Abstract: By using thermionic ion emission from a water glass (sodium silicate, Na2O · 2SiO2) an ion beam is easily produced in a plasma. Possible applications of the ion emission to plasma diagnostics are also described.

Foamed sodium silicate ceramic and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract: Foamed sodium silicate ceramic obtained by mixing sodium silicate 30-36% by weight of aluminum hydroxide or 30-36% by weight of aluminum hydroxide and 5-20% by weight of ceramic fibers; and method of manufacturing the same.

Light-weight inorganic, refractory - by mixing sodium silicate with inorganic materials contg carbonate ions or water of crystallisation

Abstract: Materials which resist temps. >1000 degrees C without reducing strength; have 1 gross density and can be made into 20 mm. thick articles, and which can be used as building materials, esp. cladding steel structures in tall buidlings; sound- and heat-insulation, e.g. in air-conditioning-, cooling- and heating-plant, are made by mixing Na silicate as main component with >=1 inorganic material (A) contg. CO3 ions or water of crystallisation, e.g. MgCO3, CaCO3, K alum, Na2HPO4. 12H2O, Na2B4O7.10H2O, NaHCO3 and/or KHCO3; kneading the mixt. with addn. of water; packing the kneaded mixt. into moulds and firing the filled moulds at 250-600 degrees C to release CO2 and/or water of crystallisation, whereby the mouldings are foamed, expanded and solidified. Pref. mixt contains, by wt., 60-85% Na silicate, 5-40% (A) 0-25% refractory material, e.g. alumina, Zr silicate, kaolin, CaO or CaSO4 and 0-6% inorganic fibre material, e.g. asbestos.

Sodium specific glass electrodes

Abstract: The present invention concerns sodium silicate and sodium aluminosilicate glass compositions which contain specified proportions of tantalum oxide and glass electrodes made therefrom, which are particularly sensitive to sodium ions in aqueous solutions containing sodium ions and other monovalent cations. These glasses represent an improvement over sodium aluminosilicate glass elctrodes of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,829,090.

Demixing and fluidity of gunite compositions

Abstract: Laboratory experiments showed that the storing time of use-ready magnesite-chromite gunites depends on their demising resistance and fluidity. The addition of sodium silicate solution and soda ash to a magnesite-chromite guniting composition greatly influences its properties. A composition containing more than 3% sodium silicate solution and soda ash thickens so rapidly that it cannot be used for guniting.