Showing papers on "Sodium silicate published in 1988"

Fractoemission from fused silica and sodium silicate glasses

Abstract: Fractoemission is the emission of photons and particles due to the fracture of materials. In this paper we present characteristic intensity versus time measurements of photon emission (phE), electron emission (EE), positive ion emission (PIE), and neutral emission (NE) due to the fracture of fused silica and sodium trisilicate glass. We show, for example, that the trisilicate is a copious emitter of atomic Na and both atomic and molecular oxygen. The phE, EE, and PIE from the two glasses share a number of properties.

Fire protected foamed polymeric materials

Abstract: Disclosed are foam polymer compositions having outstanding resistance to expose to flame. The compositions comprise the product of reaction of a foamable composition and certain inorganic filler materials including one or more of (A) microexplodable micron-sized particles having an internal phase of a non-flammable gas releasing inorganic particulate material such as alumina trihydrate and an external phase of fusible inorganic material such as sodium silicate, (B) particulate, expandable alkali metal silicate, and (C) a particulate inorganic fire retardant such as ammonium salt of a phosphate or polyphosphate. The foams are self-extinguishing, essentially non dripping, and generate only low levels of smoke when impacted directly with the flame of a blowtorch.

Fire retardant additives and their uses

Abstract: A composition comprising two or more frits of different melting temperatures and optionally one or more ceramic material or basalt or intumescent substance is provided that may be added to a variety of materials to provides or enhance fire resistance. Such materials include phenolic and polyester resins and sodium silicate.

Glass surface modifications during ion beam sputtering

Abstract: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to characterize changes in the surface compositions and structures of some simple binary oxide glasses bombarded with low energy (2.5 keV) argon ions. The outermost surface regions of sodium silicate glasses are dealkalized by the ion beam, and changes in the surface oxygen bonding, as determined from decomposed O1s spectra, indicate that the glass surfaces repolymerize after sodium depletion. The surfaces of sodium phosphate glasses, on the other hand, become enriched in sodium as a result of sputtering, and changes in the O1s spectra indicate a depolymerization effect. These apparently different behaviors can be explained by the preferential sputtering of selected glass components.

Refractory material produced from red mud

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a refractory material and to the material so-produced. The process comprises calcining red mud obtained as a by-product of the Bayer process of producing alumina, grinding the calcined product to form particles of -4 Tyler mesh, mixing the ground product with a binder (e.g. colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, sodium silicate or sodium aluminate) and sufficient water to produce a formable mixture. The mixture is then formed into a desired shape and fired, preferably after curing and drying. The resulting fired products have good resistance to high temperatures and to corrosive chemicals such as cryolite. Consequently, the products can be used as refractory linings for aluminium production cells, and in similar applications.

Process for the preparation of crystalline sheet sodium silicates

Abstract: X-ray crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and an SiO2 :Na2 O molar ratio of 1.9 to 3.5 are prepared by dissolving an X-ray crystalline sodium silicate having a sheet structure and an SiO2 /Na2 O molar ratio of 1.9:1 to 3.5:1 in water and evaporating the solution at temperatures of 20° to 445° C. For the preparation of detergents or cleaners, a mixture of surfactants and builders, which may also contain fillers, bleaching agents, bleach activators and enzymes, is made into a paste with water, mixed with an X-ray crystalline sheet sodium silicate having an SiO2 /Na2 O molar ratio of 1.9:1 to 3.5:1, mixed thoroughly and then spray-dried.

Single stage process for bleaching of pulp with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide bleaching composition containing magnesium sulphate and sodium silicate

Abstract: A rapid, single stage process for the bleaching of high yield lignocellulose pulp (mechanical pulp) to enhanced brightness levels with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of magnesium sulphate and sodium silicate, with a substantial reduction in the wasteful, non-bleaching reactions of hydrogen peroxide The residual hydrogen peroxide liquor may be recycled to a pulping or bleaching process

Process for preparing a nonphosphate laundry detergent

Abstract: Low bulk density, soda ash-based, nonphosphate laundry detergents are prepared by (a) loading nonaqueous liquid surfactant onto substantially anhydrous, hydratable soda ash particles, (b) turbulently dispersing the surfactant-loaded particles into an inert gaseous medium while wetting the dispersed particles with an atomized stream of dilute aqueous sodium silicate or with separate atomized streams of water and concentrated aqueous sodium silicate, and (c) recovering the resultant particulate detergent. Preferably, natural soda ash is used in the process, and both nonionic and anionic surfactants are loaded onto the soda ash, in that order.

Chromatographic transport of alkaline buffers through reservoir rock

Abstract: Use of relatively low-pH alkaline buffers, such as sodium carbonate or sodium silicate, is explored as a means for overcoming sodium/hydrogen ion-exchange delay in alkaline waterflooding. A local-equilibrium chromatographic model is outlined to describe the concentration velocities for injection of alkaline buffers into a linear porous medium that exhibits reversible sodium/hydrogen exchange. The theory predicts a buffer ion-exchange wave that is substantially faster than that for equivalent-pH sodium hydroxide solutions. New experimental displacement data are presented for NaOH over a pH range from 11 to 13 and for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ flowing through a 1 wt% NaCl brine saturated Berea sandstone core at 50/sup 0/C (122/sup 0/F). To permit a complete description of the system, column effluent concentrations are measured for sodium ions, hydroxide ions, H/sup 3/-tagged water, and /sup 14/C-tagged carbonate. The experiments confirm that Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ propagates through the Berea sand at a higher rate than NaOH. For example, at pH=11.4, Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ migrates with a velocity that is 3.5 times faster than NaOH. Comparison of experiment with the ion-exchange chromatography theory shows good agreement. The authors successfully model the concentration histories of tritium-labeled water, total carbon, sodium, and hydroxide, allmore » with no adjustable parameters. This work establishes with both theory and experiment that buffered alkali significantly increases the propagation speed of hydroxide in reservoir sands in comparison with unbuffered alkali at equivalent sodium and hydroxide concentrations. Because lower-pH buffered alkali can also protect against rock dissolution loss, the validated reduction of buffer ion-exchange lag considerably improves the promise of the alkaline flooding process for field application.« less

Method of making glass with preliminary reaction of batch materials

Abstract: Silica is reacted with sodium carbonate to form sodium silicate as a preliminary step in a glass melting process. Preferably, calcium carbonate-containing batch materials are calcined separately and then combined with the sodium silicate as liquefying is initiated. The materials may be substantially free of bubble-producing carbonates as the molten phase begins to form.

Kaolinite aggregation using sodium silicate

Abstract: A process is described in which a structured aggregated kaolin pigment is prepared by mixing substantially dry kaolin in particulate form with an aqueous alkali metal silicate to deposit on the surface of the kaolin particles a substantially molecular level of said silicate without formation of silica gel, drying the treated kaolin without calcination and exposing it to an acidic gas. The product is useful as a pigment in the coating or filling of paper.

Zero-phosphorous detergent powders containing aluminosilicate, succinate and polycarboxylate polymer

Abstract: Low or zero-phosphate spray-dried detergent powders containing less than 10% sodium silicate are structured with a combination of a succinic acid salt and a film-forming polymeric polycarboxylate. The preferred detergency builder is alkali metal aluminosilicate.

Process for the production of crystalline sodium silicates having a layer structure

Abstract: Crystalline sodium silicates having a layered structure and a molar SiO2:Na2O ratio of 1.9:1 to 3.5:1 are prepared from water glass solutions having a solids content of 20 to 65 % by weight by first treating the water glass solutions in a spray-drying zone. This gives a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a maximum loss on ignition of 20 % by weight, while the waste gas leaving the spray drying zone has a temperature of at least 140 DEG C. The spray-dried sodium silicate is then heat treated in an ignition zone having a movable solid bed at temperatures of 500 to 800 DEG C for 1 to 60 minutes in the presence of at least 10 percent by weight of recycled material. This recycled material was obtained by mechanical comminution of crystalline sodium silicate discharged from the ignition zone.

Corrosion inhibiting pigment

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting calcium-containing amorphous precipitated silica is described. The silica is prepared by admixing simultaneously in a reactor aqueous alkali metal silicate, e.g., sodium silicate, acidifying agent, e.g., hydrochloric acid, and a water-soluble source of calcium, e.g., calcium chloride. The product contains from 6 to 9 weight percent calcium (as CaO). The silica product may be incorporated into a coating composition used for corrodible metallic surfaces.

Process for the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure

Abstract: For the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates hav-ing a sheet structure and an SiO2/Na2O molar ratio of 1.9 : 1 to 3.5 : 1 from waterglass solutions having a solids content of 20 to 65% by weight, the waterglass solutions are first treated in a spray-drying zone. This gives a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a maximum ignition loss of 20% by weight, while the waste gas leaving the spray-drying zone is at a temperature of at least 140°C. Thereafter, the spray-dried sodium silicate is heated in an ignition zone containing an agitated solid bed at temperatures of 500 to 800°C for 1 to 60 minutes in the presence of at least 10% by weight of recycled material. This recycled material was obtained by mechanical comminution of crystalline sodium silicate discharged from the ignition zone.

Non-caking bleaching detergent composition containing a lower hydrate of sodium perborate

Abstract: A non-caking, non-tacky and free-flowing particulate bleaching detergent composition includes a synthetic organic nonionic detergent, such as a polyethoxylated higher fatty alcohol or alkylphenol, a builder for the nonionic detergent, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate or a cation-exchanging sodium aluminosilicate (zeolite), or mixtures thereof, together with a sodium perborate hydrate bleaching agent, the degree of hydration of which corresponds to that of the monohydrate or less, such as 12 to 15%. The described composition, unlike similar compositions wherein the sodium perborate hydrate is the tetrahydrate, are non-caking, non-tacky and free-flowing after storage in a sealed container at elevated temperature, e.g., four weeks at 43° C., whereas a similar product in which the sodium perborate hydrate is the tetrahydrate is caked solid after such treatment.

Developer composition for photosensitive planographic printing plate

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the improve title composition which has a less unevenness of development by incorporating a polyethylene oxide adduct or a polypropylene oxide adduct of glycerol in an aqueous solution of alkali silicate. CONSTITUTION:The polyethylene oxide adduct or the polypropylene oxide adduct of glycerol is incorporated in the aqueous solution of alkali-silicate in an amount of 0.001 to 10wt.% based on the alkali-silicate. The used alkali- silicate is exemplified by sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate and ammonium silicate, etc., and may be used solely or together with an another alkaline agent. The another alkaline agent is exemplified by sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, etc. Thus, the improved developer composition which has the less unevenness of development and a less foaming is obtd.

Synthetic stevensite and process for preparation thereof

Abstract: Synthetic stevensite composed of stevensite-type sodium magnesium phylosilicate of which metallic components consist essentially of magnesium, sodium and silicon. The synthetic stevensite is characterized by having an X-ray diffraction peak at a spacing of 16 to 26 Å when treated with ethylene glycol. It can be produced by a process comprising hydrothermally treating an aqueous composition containing basic magnesium carbonate and a silica-sodium component selected from the group consisting of (i) sodium silicate, (ii) sodium silicate and amorphous silica, and (iii) amorphous silica and sodium silicate.

Photochromic, silicate-containing foam glass (foamed glass, cellular glass) material or foamed-glass composite

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel material based on silicate-containing aerogels which are known per se, prepared by means of so-called supercritical drying, by spraying dilute sulphuric acid and a solution of water glass (sodium silicate) into a washing liquid. In this procedure, according to the invention, photochromic chemical compounds such as silver bromide are added so as to adjust the translucency (photopermeability, light-transmitting capacity) of components produced using aerogels independently of the intensity of the incident light. Furthermore, the invention proposes multilayer organic-inorganic materials comprising at least one layer, which contains aerogel, and this layer or at least one other layer may also contain photochromic substances and, for mechanical reinforcement, transparent fibrous materials such as glass fibres.

Rinsing composition free from phosphate

Abstract: RINSING COMPOSITION FREE FROM PHOSPHATE ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A rinsing composition free from phosphate contains as a builder a crystalline layer sodium silicate of the general formula NaSixO2x+1 . y H2O, in which M is sodium or hydro-gen, x is a number of 1.9 - 4 and y is a number of 0 - 20, in admixture with a co-builder which is a polymeric and/or copolymeric carboxylic acid or a salt of said acid.

Fire retardant duct

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a fire retardant duct excellent in heat resistance, fire resistance, and heat insulation by forming a heat insulation layer on the outer circumferential surface of a metallic cylindrical body with the insulation layer being made of an inorganic silicate foam polymer with the main ingredient of silicate containing dispersed inorganic or organic filler. CONSTITUTION: A heat insulation layer 2 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of a metallic cylindrical body 1 of stainless steel, aluminum, or the like. The heat insulation layer 2 is formed with an inorganic silicate foam polymer with the main ingredient of silicate such as sodium silicate containing dispersed inorganic fibers such as rock wool, glass wool or the like or organic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or the like. The heat insulation layer 2 may further be formed with an outer layer of a metallic plate or the like. As a result, the heat insulation layer is easily formed and provided with light weight, excellent heat resistance, fire resistance, and heat insulation characteristic. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO&Japio

Colored external parts of titanium or titanium alloy

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce external parts which are hard and are resistant to staining by forming a glassy coating film formed of a liquid mixture composed of specific ratios of sodium silicate and silica sol as a protection for a thin film of a Ti metal which is electrolytically colored by anodic oxidation. CONSTITUTION:An agent for forming a film colorable by anodic oxidation formed by adding >=1 kinds of inorg. compd. selected from 10-60g/l Na2MoO4.2 H2O, 10-60g/l (NH4)2HPO4, and 5-30g/l NaF to water is prepd. The anodically oxidized film of the Ti or Ti alloy is electrolytically colored by using such electrolyte and applying 5-90V DC thereto at <=50 deg.C. The liquid mixture composed of the sodium silicate and silica sol at 5-10/1 mixing ratio (glassy film) is thereafter coated on the surface thereof and is dried to form the hard protective film on the surface colored by the anodic oxidation.

Aluminum borate whisker and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To suppress unnecessary surface activity of catalyst and provide necessary organic reactivity by forming a silica gel thin film on the surface. CONSTITUTION:The aimed aluminum borate whisker has a silica gel thin film formed on the surface thereof. The whisker causes no coloring of resin when packed into a high polymer material such as PVC, etc, and is effectively bounded to a coupling agent used in order to improve many physical properties of composite material and further a stable compound is obtained, since surface activity of catalyst is weak. A silica gel thin film is formed on the whisker surface e.g. by suspending whisker in a solvent such as water and adding an aqueous solution of sodium silicate of 0.05-20wt.% expressed in terms of SiO2 to the suspension and heating the mixture to 60-75 deg.C while stirring. pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.0 by adding diluted hydrochloric acid dropwise thereto to simultaneously carry out gel of silica and deposition to whisker surface. Furthermore, the whisker can be produced also by sol gel method or dry type method.

High-bulk density detergent composition

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title composition showing excellent cleaning performances with a small amount of detergent used, containing an anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and crystalline lamellar sodium silicate. CONSTITUTION: The aimed composition containing (A) preferably 20-50wt.% anionic surfactant comprising, an olefinsulfonate, an alkylbenzenesulfonate, an alkyl sulfate, etc., (B) preferably 0.5-15wt.% alcohol ethoxylate, nonylphenol ethoxylate or fatty acid alkanolamide and (C) preferably 3-45wt.% crystalline lamellar sodium silicate preferably shown by the formula (M is Na or H; x is 1.9-4; y is 10-20). COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio

Über die Anwendung der Farbstoffadsorptionsmethode zur Charakterisierung von Natriumsilicat-(Wasserglas-)lösungen

Abstract: Investigations of the influence of sodium silicate solutions on the dye spectrum of pinacyanol chloride showed a depending of the spectrum on the average condensation degree of the silicate anions, the concentration of impurities and the thermal treatment of silicate solutions. Water glass solutions characterized by similar molar Na: Si ratio (0.59-O.G1), SiO, concentration (5.9- 6.3 M), and average condensation degree show in dependence on impurities, temperature, and time of thermal treatment of the solutions different dye spectra, which hint at different structures and properties, respectively, of the water glass solutions. Solutions with a low content of impurities attain an equilibrium state even after a short thermal treatment (0.75 h; 16OOC). Those of a larger content of impurities need for an eqilibrium, different from the former one, a thermal treatment of several hours. The pinacyanol chloride adsorption method renders a distinction of sodium water glass solution considered for as long as identical.

Method for production of finely porous article using smectite mineral as main component

Abstract: A finely porous article is produced by a method which comprises preparing a colloidal liquid phase containing silica particles by the addition of an ion-exchange resin to an aqueous sodium silicate solution or a liquid phase by the addition of an ion-exchange resin to an aqueous silica colloid solution and the subsequent treatment of the resultant composite for removal of salt or acid therefrom, mixing the former colloidal liquid phase or the latter liquid phase with a smectite type mineral, and drying the resultant mixture.

Stop-off composition

Abstract: A method and composition for stopping-off nitrogen and/or carbon diffusion into metal surfaces. The composition, which is a mixture of a refractory material selected from the group of zirconium and aluminosilicate, sodium silicofluoride and sodium silicate, is coated onto the metal surface where diffusion is to be prevented. The mixture is cured and the metal part is subjected to elevated temperatures for carburizing, nitriding, or carbonitriding. The coating prevents nitrogen and/or carbon diffusion at the coated area. After treatment the coating is removed.

Origin of thermally stimulated currents in sodium silicate glasses

Abstract: Thermally stimulated polarization and depolarization currents have been measured for silicate glasses containing from 4 to 14.8 mol% Na2O. Insulating electrodes and the microstructure of these phase separated glasses affect the observed current peaks which are attributed to dipole orientation polarization or interfacial polarization.