Showing papers on "Sodium sulfide published in 1971"

Sodium borate glass compositions and batteries containing same

Abstract: AN AMORPHOUS GLASS SYSTEM BASED ON SODIUM BORATE, WHICH MAY ALSO CONTAIN ADDITIVES TO MODIFY VISCOSITY, EXPANSION COEFFICIENT, AND THE LIKE, HAS FOUND PARTICULAR UTILITY AS THE MEMBRANE MATERIAL IN ALKALI METAL-SULFUR BATTERIES DUE TO ITS INERTNESS TOWARDS SODIUM, SULFUR AND SODIUM SULFIDE, AS WELL AS ITS EXCELLENT ABILITY TO CONDUCT SODIUM IONS.

Process for producing a crystalline zeolite

Abstract: Faujasitic-type crystalline zeolites X and Y are produced. In one embodiment, sodium sulfide is added to the reaction mixture as a source of sodium and as a buffer. The buffering action of the sodium sulfide provides the basicity required to maintain the alumina hydrate component of the reaction mixture in solution but not a basicity whereby zeolite crystallization is retarded. In another embodiment, a nucleating mixture having the formula 310Na2S: 5-15 Na2O: 5-50 SiO2: 0.4-4.0 Al2O3: 50-500H20 is added to the reaction mixture to promote crystall;ne zeolite formation.

Recovery of silver from photographic processing solutions

Abstract: Silver is recovered from an exhausted photographic fix or bleach-fix solution by bringing together just at the entrance of a static mixer a stream of a sodium sulfide solution and a stream of fix or bleach-fix solution, and passing the mixture at high velocity through the static mixer, wherein it is repeatedly divided and changed in flow pattern, to precipitate silver sulfide particles. The flowing mixture containing silver sulfide particles is then passed into a separation chamber of enlarged cross section, and its flow is slowed and reversed by baffles to cause the silver sulfide particles to drop out and collect in the bottom. A fix solution is regenerated for reuse by the above procedure. When a bleach-fix is treated, it can be regenerated by introducing air, either upstream or downstream of the separation chamber, to reoxidize to ferric ions any ferrous ions present as a result of the bleaching operation, or those ferrous ions produced by reaction of sodium sulfate with residual ferric ions in the exhausted bleach-fix. A small amount of acid also should be added to adjust the pH to below 7.

Composition for treating aqueous alkaline fuel

Abstract: Method for improving the burning characteristics of aqueous alkaline fuels by the addition of a sequestered metal ion as catalyst to promote oxidation of water soluble organic matter and carbon. In the Kraft process the method also substantially reduces the proportion of sodium sulfide in the flue gas. An additive consisting of a water soluble salt of manganese, copper, iron, tin, nickel or cobalt or mixtures of these metals is solubilized in an aqueous medium at an alkaline pH with a conventional sequestering agent and added to the aqueous fuel in proportions of about 2 to about 50ppm based on the metal ion. The additive is stable and soluble in the aqueous fuel. Oxygen demand of slag is substantially reduced and slag is softer and more friable.

Ready-to-use lead sulfide catalyst

Abstract: ALREADY-TO-USE LEAD SULFIDE CATALYST FOR USE IN THE BENDER (A REGISTERED TRADEMARK) SWEETENING PROCESS OF SOUR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. THE LEAD SULFIDE CATALYST COMPRISES A CARRIER OF PARTICULATE INERT SOLIDS AND A RELATIVELY DRY EXPOSED COATING RESIDING ABOUT THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF THE SOLIDS THE COATING IS FORMED OF A MIXTURE OF SODIUM SULFIDE AND LEAD OXIDE REACTED IN THE PRESENCE OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM SILICATE BINDER, PREFERABLY THE SODIUM SULFIDE IS INTRODUCED IN A STOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNT RELATIVE TO THE LEAD OXIDE IN THE MIXTURE. THE CATALYST CAN BE PROTECTED FROM OXIDIZING GASES OR MOISTURE BY A HYDROCARBON SOLUBLE COVERING ENCLOSING THE COATING ON THE CARRIER. FOR EXAMPLE THE COATING MAY BE A HIGH-MELTING POINT NATURAL, PETROLEUM OR SYNTHETIC WAX.

Chlorination of hydrocarbons

Abstract: A process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons wherein the production of the chlorinated hydrocarbon is accelerated by carrying out such chlorination in the presence of sodium sulfide. The presence of sodium sulfide leads to the production of the chlorinated hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulfide, and sodium chloride as products. The sodium sulfide is preferably that produced in the desulfurization of petroleum fractions utilizing metallic sodium. This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 735,397, filed June 7, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 365792. The present invention is directed to the improved process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons; more particularly, the present invention is directed to an improved process for the chlorination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons wherein such chlorination is carried out in the presence of sodium sulfide. Various processes are known for the chlorination of hydrocarbons, specifically aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons so as to produce a mono- and di-chlorinated product. Most of these processes involve the reaction of chlorine with the aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon. While various catalysts have been known for accelerating amd promoting of the chlorination reaction, many processes developed heretofore have been found to have various deficiencies. In this regard, for example, acceleration of the chlorination reaction to a point of maximum conversion to the mono- or di-chlorinated hydrocarbon has always been lacking. In accordance with the present invention, however, a process has been discovered whereby it is possible to chlorinate aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons so as to produce the mono- and di-chlorinated product in a manner eliminating the various drawbacks of previously developed processes. Such improvements in accordance with the present invention involve carrying out the chlorination of an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon with chlorine at a temperature of from about 20* to 150*C. wherein the process is conducted in the presence of sodium sulfide. It is hypothesized in accordance with the present invention that the presence of sodium sulfide in the chlorination reaction accelerates and promotes the production of the chlorinated hydrocarbon by providing for the production of stable products in addition thereto, i.e., sodium chloride and hydrogen sulfide. In this way the reaction is accelerated toward the production of the desired mono- or di-chlorinated hydrocarbon. Accordingly, it is a principle object of the present invention to provide a process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons wherein such process eliminates the inherent disadvantages and deficiencies of heretofore proposed processes. It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a process for the chlorination of hydrocarbons wherein such process is improved by the presence of sodium sulfide in the chlorination reaction. A still further object of the present invention relates to the process for the chlorination of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons with chlorine at a temperature of 20* to 150*C., such process being characterized by the presence of sodium sulfide. Yet a further object of the present invention relates to an improved process for the chlorination of aliphatic anD aromatic hydrocarbons with chlorine wherein such process is carried out in the presence of sodium sulfide derived from the desulfurization of petroleum factions with metallic sodium. Still further objects and advantages of the novel process of the present invention will become more apparent from the following, more detailed description thereof. The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by carrying out the chlorination of hydrocarbons, e.g., aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, in the presence of sodium sulfide. Thus, for example, the process of the present invention can be described by the following equation:

Investigation of the structural peculiarities and chemical transformations of carbazole and its derivatives

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of thioethers of the carbazole series by the reduction of 3-thiocyanato- and 3,6-dithiocyanatocarbazoles with sodium sulfide and subseqent condensation of the reduction products with alkyl halides is described.

Spot Test for Lead in Paint (Continued)

Abstract: Questions asked by several people about our sodium sulfide testing of paint for lead1 make us feel we might wisely add several words of caution about the stability of the prepared solution. Sodium sulfide solutions deteriorate fairly rapidly with age, especially on exposure to air. For this reason, it is suggested that people using the procedure check the odor of the sodium sulfide solution tlley are using, to make sure the odor of hydrogen sulfide is detectable.