Showing papers on "Sodium sulfide published in 1984"

Thermoplastic resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:The titled composition that is prepared by melt-mixing specific amounts of a polyphenylene sulfide resin, a specific alpha-olefin copolymer and an opoxy resin, thus showing high impact strength and flexibility CONSTITUTION:(A) 99-30ptswt of polyphenylene sulfide, preferably a product from sodium sulfide and p-dichlorobenzene in an amide or sulfone solvent, (B) 1-70ptswt, preferably 5-60ptswt of an alpha-olefin copolymer which is obtained by grafting less than 10wt%, preferably 01-50wt% of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, its anhydride or its derivative and (C) 01-20, preferably 05- 15ptswt per 100ptswt of the total amount of components A and B, of an epoxy resin are mixed and melted to give the objective composition

Deoxy‐nitrosugars. 9th communication. Chain elongation of 1‐C ‐nitroglycosyl halides by substitution with some weakly basic carbanions

Abstract: The 1-C-nitroglycosyl chloride reacted with the anions form 2-nitropropane, nitromethane, and diethyl malonate, to give the chain-extended products 2 (81%), 5 (72%), and 6 (83%), respectively. Treatment of the 1-C -nitroglycosyl bromide 7 by the lithium salt obtained form 8 gave the dodecodiulose derivative 9 (76%). Th β-D-configuration of 2 and 9 was inferred form their NMR and CD spectra. Treatment of 2 and 9 with sodium sulfide gave the enol ethers 3 (96%) and 10 (92%), respectively. The (Z)-configuration of 10 was deduced form the configuration of its hydrogenation product 11.

Combined removal of Cr, Cd, and Ni from wastes

Abstract: The results are presented of pilot-plant tests on treating electroplating wastes by alkaline reduction, precipitation, and upflow filtration. Experimental evidence shows that hexavalent chromium is stoichiometrically reduced to trivalent chromium and precipitated by the addition of ferrous sulfate at an alkaline pH. The oxidized iron precipitates as ferric hydroxide and aids flocculation of the solids produced in the process. Sodium sulfide used as the sole reducing agent of chromium was shown to be oxidized to elemental sulfur. Upflow filtration was effective in removing the high concentration of solids. The filter was most effective when operating at a loading rate of 3 gpm/ft/sup 2/.

Reductive dehalogenation of vic-dihaloalkanes to alkenes with sodium sulfide under phase-transfer conditions

Abstract: Etude de la deshalogenation d'«α,α»-dibromobibenzyle, α,β-dibromo benzenepropionate de methyle et dibromo-1,2 cyclohexane

Recovery of high-purity tellurium from crude tellurium dioxide

Abstract: PURPOSE: To simplify the recovering process, and to recover tellurium in high purity, by precipitating sodium tellurate from the purified filtrate of crude tellurium dioxide, dissolving the precipitate in water, and adding a reducing agent to the solution. CONSTITUTION: Tellurium is extracted from crude tellurium dioxide with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The impurities are precipitated and removed from the obtained aqueous solution by the addition of sodium sulfide. The purified filtrate is added with an oxidizing agent to precipitate sodium tellurate, which is separated by solid-liquid separation process, and the precipitated sodium tellurate is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. A reducing agent is added to the resultant aqueous solution of sodium tellurate to effect the precipitation of tellurium, and the precipitate is washed to recover tellurium. The obtained tellurium metal is washed with hydrochloric acid and pure water to remove the sodium and chlorine, etc. of the reduction liquid attached to the metal. Pure tellurium having a purity of ≥99.999wt% can be prepared by this process. COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

A warning about structures of thiophene polymers

Abstract: 2,5-Dichlorothiophene, 2,5-dibromothiophene, and tetrabromothiophene have been polymerized with anhydrous sodium sulfide in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at 250°C to insoluble products which contain structural fragments derived from both the starting thiophene and the NMP. The copolymers absorb 0.5 to 1.0 times their weights of iodine to give materials with electrical conductivities of about 10-5 (ohm cm)-1 at 16 kbar and 10-7 (ohm cm)-1 at atmospheric pressure.

Polyphenylene sulfide composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a polyphenylene sulfide compsn. having excellent moldability and stable melt viscosity which can be readily adjusted, by blending a novolak type epoxy resin with polyphenylene sulfide having specified properties. CONSTITUTION:Polyphenylene sulfide satisfying the relationship (wherein N is non-Newtonian coefficient and V is melt viscosity) under a condition such that melt viscosity V is 10 to 100,000 P at 300 deg.C and a shearing rate of 200sec , is prepd. by reacting sodium sulfide with p-dichlorobenzene in a solvent such as N- methylpyrrolidone in the presence of an alkali metal carboxylate which is used for adjusting the degree of polymn. 0.01-40pts.wt. movolak type epoxy resin is blended with 100pts.wt. said polyphenylene sulfide to obtain the desired polyphenylene sulfide compsn.

Sulfur Chemistry in Equimolar NaOH ‐ H 2 O Melt I . Electrochemical Oxidation of Sodium Sulfide

Abstract: Etudes des diverses etapes de l'oxydation des sulfures sur une electrode d'or dans un melange equimolaire fondu de NaOH−H 2 O, a 100°C et 140°C par voltammetrie et electrolyse associees a de la spectrometrie UV La 1ere etape du processus conduit a S 2 2− , S 3 2− et au soufre moleculaire et la 2eme etape conduit a l'anion sulfite

Chemical Pretreatment of Silver Wire Containing Copper for Preparation of Silver/Silver Sulfide Ion Selective Electrode

Abstract: The silver/silver sulfide ion selective electrode (ISE) has been produced in a variety of forms. While the membrane type reportedly exhibits superior performance characteristics in comparison to the type derived from solid silver, the latter offers decided advantages in terms of cost and convenience. We wish to report that a microscale silver/silver sulfide ISE can be readily prepared from silver wire (0, 7 mm diameter) which contains 2, 5-6% Cu (w/w) by exposing the wire to a deaerated aqueous solution of sodium sulfide, ascorbic acid, and etbylenediaminetetraacetic acid (SAOB-H) for 2 days. Although this procedure is similar to one reported in the manufacturers' literature, it is significant that a successful ISE could not be prepared by this technique if pure silver (99.99%) was used or if the SAOB-II solution was not deaerated. Finally, the performance of electrodes obtained in this manner was basically indistinguishable from that of a commercially available electrode of the membrane type.

Fume formation from synthetic sodium salt melts and commercial kraft smelts

Abstract: Fume loss from the char bed of a recovery furnace reduces the effectiveness of the kraft recovery boiler. These sodium salt fumes were only thought to originate within reducing environments. Data presented in this paper show significant fume formation during sodium sulfide oxidation in sodium carbonate melts. Both oxidation and reduction reactions were studied. The highest fume intensity observed was during sulfide oxidation. The initial fuming species from melts in reductive environments is Na(v). Oxidative fuming is more complex. Intermediate sodium and sulfur oxides are probably involved. The initial fuming species in oxidative environments appears to be NaO(v).

Sulfidization of compound semiconductor surfaces and passivated mercury cadmium telluride substrates

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of passivating mercury cadmium telluride substrates wherein a substrate surface is lapped and cleaned and then placed in an electrolyte solution containing sulfide ions to electrolytically grow a sulfide passivating layer on the lapped and cleaned surface. A preferred electrolyte solution is formed with sodium sulfide, water and ethylene glycol.

Separation of platinum metal from gold

Abstract: PURPOSE:To separate efficiently gold and Pd by bringing a soln. contg. an iodide complex of gold and Pd, other platinum group metals and base metals into contact with a water insoluble non-volatile extraction soln. expressed by the specific formula. CONSTITUTION:A soln. contg. at least one kind of iodide complex of gold and Pd, other platinum group metals and base metals is brought into an adequate amt. of a non-volatile extraction solvent which has the functional group expressed by the formula R'-S-R (R', R may be the same or different and have the carbon atom bounded directly to a sulfur atom, and R, R' are so selected as to have no active functional group or complex forming group that can acts as an ion exchange group) and is insoluble in water, for example, di-normal-octyl sulfide. Only the gold and/or Pd can be extracted from the soln. by such contact. Aqueous ammonia is used in the case of recovering Pd from the extraction solvent and sodium sulfide is used in the case of recovering gold.

Production of polyphenylene sulfide polymer

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce polyphenylene sulfide of excellent heat stability while preventing the polymer from being degraded during polymerization, by reacting a p-chlorobenzene with a specified sulfur source in an amide-type organic polar solvent. CONSTITUTION:Use is made of a sulfur source which contains below 1mol% polysulfide of formula I (wherein M is an alkali (alkaline earth) metal; Y>=1, and X is 2 when M is an alkali metal, or 1 when M is an alkaline earth metal), e.g., sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide. Namely, a polyphenylene sulfide comprising a structural unit of formula II is produced by reacting a p-dihalobenzene (e.g., p-dichlorobenzene) with the above sulfur source in an amide-type organic polar solvent (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone).

Sulfide as a hypochlorite kill agent

Abstract: Residual hypochlorite contained in chlorinated slurries of either carbonaceous gold-containing ores or mixtures of carbonaceous and oxide gold-containing ores are reduced by reaction with sulfide ion-providing chemical compounds preferably sodium hydrosulfide, sodium sulfide or hydrogen sulfide The hypochlorite "kill" step enables subsequent cyanide leach operations to be conducted more efficiently

Method and apparatus for analyzing and controlling carbonate and sulfide in green liquor slaking and causticizing

Abstract: A process and apparatus for measuring carbonate and sulfide concentrations in white and green pulping liquor and in the slaker/causticizing (S, C1) cells and controlling the causticizing reaction and other stages using this information. Specifically the causticizing control logic is based on determining the concentration of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide (GC/A) in the green liquor, in the white liquor-mud slurry at the slaker or first causticizer (ML3) and in the white liquor being sent to the digester house and using this information to control the entire process. Th e concentration and flow rate of the green liquor may be measured and controlled quite easily. The proposed strategy will control the green liquor flow rate (V41) to the slaker to maintain the desired Na2CO3 concentration in the slaker/causticizer liquor despite variations which occur in the lime. The green liquor concentration is also controlled in a control loop. Weak wash liquor (L40) is added to the green liquor to maintain the concentration of the Na2CO3 in the green liquor. The slaking/causticizing process is controlled by adjusting the flow rate and concentration of the green liquor. This strategy will control the process based on direct measurements of the critical component in the system, sodium carbonate. The green liquor flow rate will be automatically adjusted by a control loop to maintain the desired Na2CO3 concentration in the white liquor. The last measurement is to determine the concentrations of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfide in the white liquor which is sent to the digester house to be used in the cooking process. It is important to measure the sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide concentrations in the white liquor (RS3, GC/A) so that the amount of liquor to be charged in the digester(s) may be correctly determined. Changes in sodium sulfide concentration (generated at the recovery boiler) can affect white liquor (AA/EA) concentration.

Treatment of exhaust gas washing water

Abstract: PURPOSE: To sufficiently remove mercury in exhaust gas washing water, by adding an oxidizing agent to exhaust gas washing water, to which the vaporization treatment of mercury is applied, to oxidize the residual reducing agent while neutralizing the excessive oxidizing agent by a reducing agent and subsequently applying sulfide flocculation treatment to said washing water. CONSTITUTION: Alkali washing water of incinerator exhaust gas is introduced into a reductive reaction tank 1 and ionic mercury in the washing water is converted to metal mercury by a reducing agent while the treated washing water is introduced into a vaporization apparatus 2 where vaporizing gas is blown into the washing water to allow metal mercury to follow the vaporizing gas. This vaporizing gas is cooled by a cooler 3 to transfer mercury to the condesnate and metal mercury is recovered from the condensate in a solid-liquid separation tank 4. Vaporization treated water from the vaporization apparatus 2 is oxidized in an oxidizing tank 6 and subsequently guided to a reducing tank 7 to neutralize the oxidizing agent by reducing treatment. Subsequently, the treated water is guided to a sulfide reaction tank 8 where sodium sulfide or ferric chloride is added to perform sulfide flocculative precipitation treatment. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Electroless copper plating solution and its manufacture

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled plating soln giving a metallic film with superior tensile strength and elongation, by adding a cyanogen compound, a thallium compound and an alcoholic soln of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, etc of a prescribed pH to a plating soln contg Cu ions, a complexing agent, etc CONSTITUTION:An alcoholic soln of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl is mixed with an aqueous soln of potassium sulfide or sodium sulfide The mixed soln is kept at >=125pH and made transparent The soln is adjusted again to 2-125pH, and the soln, a cyanogen compound and a thallium compound are added to a copper plating soln consisting of water, Cu ions, a complexing agent for Cu ions, a reducing agent for Cu ions and a pH adjusting agent Electroless copper plating can be carried out using the resulting plating soln, and a metallic film with superior tensile strength and elongation is obtd

Production of polyarylene sulfide

Abstract: PURPOSE:The reaction between a polyhalogenated aromatic compound and an alkali sulfide is carried out in the presence of an alkaline earth metal phosphate in an organic amide solvent to produce purely white polyarylene sulfide which is melt-moldable with high viscosity. CONSTITUTION:(A) 1mol of a polyhalogenated aromatic compound such as p- dichlorobenzene is heated up to 200 deg.C together with (B) 200-1,000g of an organic amide solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone, (C) an alkali sulfide such as sodium sulfide at a molar ratio to component A of 0.9/1-2/1 and (D) an alkaline earth metal phosphate such as tricalcium phosphate at a molar ratio to component C of, preferably 0.01-1.15, in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the reaction mixture is cooled down lower than 160 deg.C, further component A, and as necessary, solvents are added, then, they are pressurized with nitrogen up to 1- 1.5kg/cm , then heated at 240-300 deg.C under stirring to produce the objective polyarylene sulfide.

Method and apparatus for determining carbonate/sulfide concentration.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for measuring carbonate and sulfide concentrations in white and green pulp mill liquor and in the slaker/causticizing cells and controlling the causticizing reaction and other stages using this information. Specifically the causticizing control logic is based on determining the concentration of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide in the green liquor, in the white liquor-mud slurry at the slaker (S) or first causticizer (C1) and in the white liquor being sent to the digester house and using this information to control the entire process. The apparatus takes a sample from an appropriate line, filters the sample if necessary, takes a measured quantity, reacts that measured quantity with an acid to generate hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and measures the quantities of these gases in a gas chromatograph (GC). The apparatus has four main circuits: the filter circuit, the sampling circuit, the reactor circuit and the gas chromatograph circuit. A mud separation circuit is also utilized if the apparatus is to analyze liquor from the slaker or causticizing cells.

Photocatalyst reaction using zinc sulfide

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an oxidation product including a dimer of an organic compound of electron donor, by irradiating it with light rays in the presence of a catalyst of zinc sulfide of semiconductor, and to obtain hydrogen by reducing water in the case of an aqueous solution system. CONSTITUTION:An organic compound of electron donor is added to zinc sulfide, dispersed, the interior of a reactor is replaced with an N2 gas, and it is irradiated ultraviolet light at 0-80 deg.C, to give an oxide of the organic compound and further hydrogen in the case of an aqueous solution system. Colloidal zinc sulfide obtained by reacting zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, etc. with a sulfide such as sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, etc. or hydrogen sulfide in an aqueous solution is preferable as zinc sulfide, zinz sulfide obtained by isolating and drying it shows effectively catalystic action by dispersing it into a reaction system.

Manufacture of purified salt

Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture purified salt at a low cost by scrubbing wast gas contg. hydrogen chloride exhausted from an incinerator for municipal garbage with a sodium hydroxide soln. and slaked lime, adding iron chloride, sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate to waste liquor after the scrubbing to remove impurities, and concentrating the remaining liq. with heat of combustion from the incinerator. CONSTITUTION:Waste gas contg. hydrogen chloride exhausted from an incinerator for municipal garbage is scrubbed with a sodium hydroxide soln. and slaked lime. The amount of slaked lime to be used is 0.1-0.3wt% of the amount of sodium hydroxide, and the concn. of the sodium hydroxide soln. is about 10- 15wt%. After removing produced gypsum and other insoluble substance from waste liquor after the scrubbing, iron chloride, sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate are successively added to remove heavy metals, Ca and other impurities. The resulting mother liquor is passed through a chelate resin or the like to remove Hg, and it is concentrated by heating with heat of combustion from the incinerator. Salt crystals deposited by the concn. are centrifugally separated to obtain purified salt.

Treatment of waste chemical copper plating liquid

Abstract: PURPOSE: To remove copper with high efficiency by adding a compd. contg. sulfur to the titled waste chemical copper plating liquid to regulate the liquid at 7pH, and then adding aluminum polychloride, bentonite, and a high molecular flocculant to the liquid. CONSTITUTION: A compd. contg. sodium sulfide, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate to the waste chemical copper plating liquid to regulate the pH to 7. Then 50W 500mg/l aluminum polychloride, 250W1,000mg/l bentonite, and 1W5mg/l high molecular flocculant are added, and solid is separated from liquid. In said method, when the compd. contg. sodium sulfide, dimethyldithiocarbamic acid are added to the waste chemical copper plating liquid, the compd. reacts with EDTA-Cu contained in the liquid to form free EDTA and copper sulfide. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Sludge Generation from Ferrous/Sulfide Chromium Treatment.

Abstract: : The reaction pH and reduction chemical can drastically effect the volume of wastewater treatment sludges produced in chromium treatment. Experiments at the Air Force Engineering and Services Laboratory have shown that mixing sodium sulfide and ferrous chloride (9:1 ratio) at pH 8.0 rapidly reduced hexavalent chromium and produced approximately one-fourth the sludge (on a dry weight basis) as the standard acidic reaction using only ferrous sulfate. The mechanism involves an oxidation of the sulfide to sulfate with the ferrous ion acting as a catalyst. This catalytic effect is possible because the large sulfide overdose shifts the ferrous and sulfide ion equilibrium to the molecular form. The electron transfer then occurs on the sulfide side of the molecule. An additional benefit of the process is that there is no need to reduce the pH of the influent wastestream prior to chromium reduction. Likewise, the caustic required for raising the pH to precipitation levels is also limited. (Author)

Preparation of sodium sulfide composition for polymer and preparation of polymer

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a sodium sulfide composition which can be efficiently dehydrated at a relatively low temp. and causes hardly the corrosion of a reactor by bringing a specified metallic salt such as a metallic salt of an org. sulfonic acid into contact with sodium sulfide hydrate in the presence of an aromatic polyhalo-compound. CONSTITUTION: At least one kind of metallic salt selected among metallic salts of org. sulfonic acids such as benzenesulfonic acid, lithium halides such as lithium chloride, metallic salts of org. carboxylic acids such as sodium acetate and alkali metallic salts of phosphoric acid such as trisodium phosphate is brought into contact with sodium sulfide hydrate in the presence of an aromatic polyhalo-compound such as p-dichlorobenzene. The sodium sulfide hydrate contains ≥1mol water of crystallization per 1mol sodium sulfide and ≤81% purity of Na 2 S. It includes sodium sulfide enneahydrate. The amount of the polyhalo- compound used is ≥ about 0.2mol per 1mol sodium sulfide, and the amount of the metallic salt added is about 0.01W6pts.wt. per 1pt. sodium sulfide. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio