Showing papers on "Sodium sulfide published in 1987"

Passivation of gallium arsenide surfaces with sodium sulfide

Abstract: A method of passivating the surface of a gallium arsenide substrate by cleaning the gallium arsenide substrate in an etching solution and depositing a sulfide film on the substrate. The step of depositing the sulfide film is preferably performed by spin-on of a sodium sulfide solution, followed by drying or annealing. The resulting passivated surface exhibits superior surface recombination velocity characteristics compared to prior art passivation techniques, thereby making possible superior solid state device operating characteristics.

Process for the removal of metals, in particular heavy metals, from waste water

Abstract: Process for the removal of metals, in particular heavy metals, from waste water in the form of their sulfide by mixing the waste water with a water soluble sulfide. According to the invention the metal containing waste water is thoroughly mixed with the water soluble sulfide at a suitable pH in a reactor of the fluidized bed type, which is provided with an appropriate bed material, on which the metal sulfide crystallizes out, whereby the thus obtained bed material provided with crystalline metal sulfide is removed from and new bed material is added to the reactor from time to time. Usually as water soluble sulfide an alkali metal sulfide or alkali metal hydrogen sulfide or ammonium sulfide or FeS is used, whereas the use of sodium sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide, potassium sulfide or potassium hydrogen sulfide is preferred. According to the present process a.o. the following metals: Ni, Sr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ag, Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, Mn, Te, Sn, n, Bi or Sb may be removed.

Treatment of heavy metal-containing waste water

Abstract: PURPOSE: To efficiently remove heavy metals by neutralizing heavy metal-contg. waste water with an alkali and separating the heavy metals in the form of hydroxides, then adding a heavy metal collector to the liquid after the sepn. to insolubilize the remaining heavy metals. CONSTITUTION: The hydroxide of an alkali metal, the hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal, etc., are added to the heavy metal-contg. waste water to adjust the pH of the waste water to about 6W12 and to form the hydroxides of the heavy metals; thereafter, the precipitate is separated by a settling chamber, quick filter, etc., to obtain the treated water. The heavy metal collector is added at 0.5W50ppm, more adequately about 1W30ppm is added to this treated water and if necessary, a flocculating assistant and a high-polymer flocculating agent are added hereto to insolubilize and separate the remaining heavy metals. Sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium tetrasulfide, etc., are usable for the heavy metal collector. The heavy metals to be removed are Cu, Co, Ni, As, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Process for preparing polyarylene thioether having thiol/thiolate end group concentration of 10 micro mole/g or less

Abstract: In a process for producing a polyarylene thioether having high stability by dehalogenation/sulfurization reaction of an alkali metal (M) sulfide such as sodium sulfide and a dihaloaromatic compound such as paradichlorobenzene in a polar organic solvent, the haloaromatic compound is used excessively in an appropriate range rather than the alkali metal sulfide and the latter stage of the reaction or all period of the reaction is conducted under a powerful stirring condition to a certain degree to obtain the polyarylene thioether wherein the concentration of --SM or --SH groups of the polymer terminal is lowered. The polyarylene thioether thus obtained suppresses the coloration in the processing with an apparatus made of ferrous material such as extruder.

Polyphenylene sulfone fiber and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the titled novel fiber with high knot strength, outstanding in heat and chemical resistances and flexibility, by treating polyphenylene sulfide fiber with an organic peracid to modify its structural unit. CONSTITUTION: Polyphenylene sulfide fiber consisting of structural unit of formula I is treated with an organic peracid (pref. peracetic acid) to modify ≥30mol.% of said structural unit into structural unit of formula II (Y is 1 or 2), thus obtaining the objective fiber constituted of structural unit of formula III (X is 0, 1 or 2) with the structural unit of the formula II accounting for ≥30% of said unit of formula III. The polyphenylene sulfide is preferable prepared by reaction, in an amide-based high-boiling polar solvent, between sodium sulfide and p-dichlorobenzene. Said polyphenylene sulfide fiber is pref. ultra-fine one, being produced by fiber formation through such a process as to eliminate the sea-component from the original sea-island type conjugate fiber. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Nonpoisonous treatment of chromium slag and extraction of calcium and magnesium

Abstract: Chromium slag is extracted by HCl, reducing agent is added to reduce Cr+6 to Cr+++, and then, from the ertract, calcium and magnesium are recovered, so as to comprehensively utilize the chromium slag. The prior art, heated sodium sulfide reducing method, may be replaced by the method of the present invention which has the merits of having the ability to treat large amount of slags with complete obviation of poisonous chromium.

Poly-p-phenylene sulfide resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide the title compsn. which gives molded products having excellent clarity, thermal stability during melting, methanical characteristics and dimensional stability by extrusion, consisting of a poly-p-phenylene sulfide contg. a specific amount of a metal of Group IA elements of the periodic table. CONSTITUTION: An alkali sulfide (A) (e.g., sodium sulfide) is polymerized with a dihalobenzene (B) (e.g., p-dichlorobenzene) in a polar solvent (e.g., N- methylpyrrolidone) at 200W300°C for several hr. If desired, the product is washed with an org. solvent compatible with poly-p-phenylene sulfide at a high temp. to dissolve low-molecular matters and the resulting product is washed with water to obtain the title compsn. which is mainly composed of a poly-p- phenylene sulfide composed of at least 70mol.% of repeating units of the formula and having a weight-average MW (MW) of 30,000W90,000 and a ratio (MW/MN) of MW to the number-average MW (MN) of 3W10 and contains 100W2,000ppm, pref. 200W800ppm of a metal (e.g., Na) of Group IA elements of the periodic table and 100ppm of a metal (e.g., Ca) of Group IIA elements. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Treatment of water containing heavy metal complex

Abstract: PURPOSE: To efficiently remove complexes of heavy metals such as Cu, Fe and Zn from water by adding a magnesium compd. and a sulfur compd. to the water, adjusting the water to 10W12pH and carrying out solid-liq. separation. CONSTITUTION: A magnesium compd. and a sulfur compd. are added to water contg. heavy metal complexes such as complexes of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Mn, Pb and Fe with org. acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid and malonic acid, amines such as triethanolamine and ammonia, the water is adjusted to 10W12pH and solid-liq. separation is carried out. The magnesium compd. may be magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and 1W3 equivs. of the compd. reacting with the complexes are preferably added. The sulfur compd. may be sodium sulfide and the pref. amt. of the compd. added is 10W500mg/l (expressed in terms of sulfur). COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO&Japio

Method for synthesizing phenylacetic acid by low pressure carbonylation

Abstract: A kind of cobalt carbonyl catalyst is prepd, without using sodium sulfide. The neutralization agent used in synthesizing phenyl acetic acid is sodium hydroxide. The end point of distillation for recovering methyl acohol is kept at 105 deg.C, the recovery of methyl acohol being over 95%. The alkaline soln. of sodium phenylacetate salt is dis-solved in an acid, and Co, Fe, Mn, etc. are precipitated with sodium carbonate. The cobalt precipitated can be made into cobalt chloride and reused, the recovery of colbalt being over 90%. The purity of phenylacetic acid obtained on acidification with sulfur acid or hydrochloric acid is over 96%, and the yield is 85-90%. The purity of the product refined by recrystallization can be over 99%. The phenylacetic acid in waste water can be recovered by means of adsorbents. The phenyl-acetic acid produced by this process can be used as intermediates for producing medicines, agricutural chemicals, perfumes and rodenticides.

Electrically conductive cellulosic fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide an electrically conductive cellulosic fiber containing copper sulfide in the fiber cross-section, stable to dry-heat, wet-heat and hot-water treatment, etc., having excellent electrical conductivity and suitable as an electromagnetic wave shielding material, material for heating element, etc. CONSTITUTION:For example, a blue yarn produced by spinning a cupri- ammonium cellulose solution composed of cellulose, ammonia and copper is sulfidized with a sodium sulfide solution to obtain an electrically conductive cellulose fiber containing copper sulfide in the fiber cross-section. The distribution of copper sulfide in the cross-section of the fiber is dependent upon the sulfidization agent used in the above process and is e.g. (A) uniform distribution from the core to the surface of the fiber, (B) uniform distribution within 80% of the radius and (C) annular distribution within 20-95% of the radius.

Production of hydrogen generating powdery photocatalyst

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the title highly active catalyst by adding an aq. soln. of cadmium sulfide powder and an alkali(earth) metal to an aq. soln. of a platinum or palladium complex to alkalinize the soln., evaporating the whole material to dryness, and then heating the obtained material in an inert gas. CONSTITUTION:Cadmium sulfide powder is added to the aq. soln. of a platinum or palladium complex. The hydroxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal is then added to the mixture to alkalinize the mixture. The mixture of the cadmium sulfide, metallic complex, and water are evaporated to dryness while sufficiently agitating the mixture, and the obtained material is crushed by a mortar. The material is charged in a quartz boat, and heated preferably at 150-400 deg.C for 1-10hr in an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the cadimium sulfide powdery photocatalyst deposited with platinum or palladium. The catalyst exhibits high activity in the generation of hydrogen from an aq. sodium sulfide soln. under the radiation of light.

Supported Sulfide and Sulfur Oxy-Acid Salts. Involvement of Alumina-Induced Cannizzaro Reaction in the Reported Reduction of Aldehydes by Na2S/Alumina

Abstract: Cannizzaro type oxidation-reduction of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, promoted by alumina, was observed during study of inorganic-solid-supported sodium sulfide and sulfur oxy-acid salts.

Process for preparing polyarylene thioethers having high stability

Abstract: In a process for producing a polyarylene thioether having high stability by dehalogenation/sulfurization reaction of an alkali metal (M) sulfide such as sodium sulfide and a dihaloaromatic compound such as para-­dichlorobenzene in a polar organic solvent, the haloaromatic compound is used excessively in an appropriate range rather than the alkali metal sulfide and the latter stage of the reaction or all period of the reaction is conducted under a powerful stirring condition to a certain degree to obtain the polyarylene thioether wherein the concentration of -SM or -SH groups of the polymer terminal is lowered. The polyarylene thioether thus obtained suppresses the coloration in the processing with an apparatus made of ferrous material such as extruder.

Preparation of detoxifying agent for heavy metal contained in dust and sludge

Abstract: PURPOSE:To detoxify the heavy metal contained in dust and sludge, by reacting polyethyleneimine, carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide with dust and a sludge and further adding sodium diethyldithiocarbamate to the reaction mixture to mix the same therewith CONSTITUTION:Carbon disulfide is added to and kneaded with ethyleneimine an caustic soda, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, sodium sulfide and water are subsequently added to the kneaded mixture and sodium thiosulfate is further added thereto to perform stirring The obtained liquid composition is added to dust and sludge containing noxious heavy metal ions to be kneaded therewith sufficiently By this method, the heavy metals contained are sealed-up and the re-elution thereof is prevented

Copper coloring agent

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a copper coloring agent capable of simply forming a pattern having a desired color tone on the surface of copper by adding thickener to a sulfide compound so as to prepare a jelly. CONSTITUTION:This copper coloring agent is obtd. by adding about 0.02-10% thickener such as water soluble polymer or a resin having high water adsorbing power such as polyoxyethylene or an acrylic acid-vinyl alcohol copolymer to about 0.1-30% aqueous soln. of a sulfide compound such as sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide or sodium polysulfide so as to prepare jelly. The coloring agent is filled into a vessel 3 whose tip has the shape of a penpoint or the like and it is pressed out on a copper plate 2 so as to draw a desired pattern. The development of color with the coloring agent 1 is observed and the jelly 1 is removed from the copper plate 2 at the time when a desired color tone is attained. The copper plate 2 can easily by colored by applying the jelly by sealing, masking or the like.

Polyphenylene sulfide resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:A resin composition having extremely improved light resistance, obtained by blending a polyphenylene sulfide resin with a specific alkylidene bis(benzotriazolylphenol) compound CONSTITUTION:(A) 100ptswt polyphenylene sulfide resin preferably obtained by reacting sodium sulfide with a p-cichlorobenzene in a high-boiling amide polar solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone, etc, in the presence of a polymeriza tion auxiliary such as caustic alkali, etc, at 30-280 degC is blended with (B) 0001-5ptswt, preferably 001-3ptswt alkylidene bis(benzotriazolylphenol) shown by the formula (R1 is H or alkyl; R2 is alkyl or aralkyl; X is H, halogen, alkyl, etc), preferably 0001-3ptswt phenolic antioxidant and, if necessary, a stabilizer, a filler, etc, and kneaded to give the aimed composition

The use of sodium sulfide to separate mercury from tissues preserved in Cialit and Merthiolate solutions

Abstract: The purpose of the present experiment was to look at the dissolution time in physiological sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) of any mercury (Hg) contained in human auditory ossicles and cartilage after preservation in Cialit and Merthiolate. Both homograft tissues produced almost identical graph complexes. Under static conditions 10 micrograms Hg could be found in NaCl after 15 min, whereas there was complete demercurization after 3 min in Na2S. The dissolution time in NaCl subjected to constant stirring was about 10 min and was less than 1 min in Na2S. For the rapid elimination of Hg from auditory ossicles stored in preservatives containing Hg, our studies show that the use of a flowing solvent is advisable. Further, the extraction of Hg is quicker in sodium sulfide than in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride.

Aromatic sulfide amide polymer and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title polymer suitable as a material for molded articles, having excellent heat resistance, flame retardance, solvent resistance and mechanical properties, a specific repeating unit and logarithmic viscosity, by sulfiding an amide group-containing dihalide. CONSTITUTION: (A) An amide group-containing dihalide compound shown by formula I is dissolved in an organic polar solvent (e.g. N,N-dimethylacetamide) and reacted with (B) a sulfiding agent such as sodium sulfide in the ratio of the component A and the component B of preferably 0.9W1.1:1.0 at 150W300°C to give the aimed polymer having 0.02W2.00 logarithmic viscosity and a repeating unit shown by formula II and/or formula III (Ar 1 WAr 4 are aromatic group; R 1 WR 6 are 1W20C alkyl; R 7 WR 9 are 1W20C alkylene; a, b, c and d are 0W4). COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO&Japio

The Preparation and Some Properties of 1,4,7-Trithia(7)- and 1,5,9-Trithia(9)ferrocenophanes and Their Copper(I), Silver(I), Mercury(II), and Palladium(II) Complexes.

Abstract: 1,5,9-Trithia[9]ferrocenophane was prepared by the reaction of 1,1′-bis(3-chloropropylthio)ferrocene with sodium sulfide. The complexes of 1,5,9-trithia[9]ferrocenophane, along with 1,4,7-trithia[7]ferrocenophane, with copper(I), silver(I), mercury(II), and palladium(II) salts were prepared. Some interaction between the iron atom and the metal atoms coordinated to the thia-crown moiety was suggested from their spectral data in the solution for the complexes of 1,4,7-trithia[7]ferrocenophane with mercury(II) and palladium(II) salts and the complex of 1,5,9-trithia[9]ferrocenophane with silver(I) tetrafluoroborate.

Catalytic and Stoichiometric Hydrogen Formation by UV Irradiation of Sodium and Zinc Sulfide.

Abstract: UV irradiation (λ ⩾ 248 nm) of sodium sulfide in aqueous solution leads to hydrogen and disulfide, Φ(H2) = 0.34 at λ = 254 nm. Light absorption occurs by HS− which affords the solvated electron and the HS radical as indicated by flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis. In the presence of formate, hydrogen evolution becomes catalytic with respect to HS−, Φ(H2) = 0.12 at λ = 254 nm. Deuteration experiments indicate that hydrogen formation occurs partially via hydrogen atoms which abstract hydrogen from formate. The latter is finally oxidized to give carbonate. When methanol is used instead of formate, there are produced ethanol, ethylene glycol, methane, and formaldehyde in addition to hydrogen and carbonate. It is shown that the direct homogeneous photolysis of HS− may contribute significantly to the heterogeneous zinc sulfide-catalyzed hydrogen evolution in the presence of sodium sulfide when performed in quartz vessels. Katalytische und stochiometrische Bildung von Wasserstoff bei der UV-Bestrahlung von Natrium- und Zinksulfid UV-Belichtung (λ ⩾ 248 nm) von Natriumsulfid in wasriger Losung fuhrt zu Wasserstoff und Disulfid, Φ(H2) = 0.34 bei λ = 254 nm. Die Lichtabsorption erfolgt durch HS−, dessen Primarreaktion zum HS-Radikal und solvatisierten Elektron durch Blitzlichtspektroskopie und Pulsradiolyse untersucht wurde. In Gegenwart von Natriumformiat wird die Wasserstoffentwicklung katalytisch in bezug auf HS−, Φ(H2) = 0.12 bei λ = 254 nm. Deuterierungsexperimente deuten darauf hin, das die Wasserstoffbildung teilweise uber eine Abstraktionsreaktion zwischen Wasserstoffatomen und Formiatmolekulen erfolgt. Letztere werden schlieslich zu Carbonat oxidiert. Wird Methanol statt Formiat verwendet, werden zusatzlich zu Wasserstoff und Carbonat noch Ethanol, Ethylenglycol, Methan und Formaldehyd gebildet. Die direkte, homogene Photolyse von HS− tragt betrachtlich zur heterogenen, Zinksulfid-katalysierten Wasserstoffentwicklung bei, wenn letztere in Quarzapparaturen in Gegenwart von Natriumsulfid durchgefuhrt wird.