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Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 1974"


Patent
25 Sep 1974
TL;DR: A flexible container having a substantially planar configuration encloses a first chemical having characteristics for being supercooled to maintain a liquid state even at temperatures below its melting point as mentioned in this paper, which is particularly effective for use as a warm baby mattress, a warm blanket, or a hot water bottle substitute.
Abstract: A flexible container having a substantially planar configuration encloses a first chemical having characteristics for being supercooled to maintain a liquid state even at temperatures below its melting point. A second chemical can be mixed with the first chemical in the container to initiate the crystallization of the first chemical at the substantially constant temperature of the melting point of the first chemical. The container can be enclosed in an insulation envelope to moderate the temperature of the device. The first chemical may include sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate which provides a desirable constant temperature of 48° C. The second chemical may include sodium borate pentahydrate or sodium sulfite which provides the first chemical with a desirable sandy configuration during crystallization in the α pentahydrate form. The sodium borate pentahydrate or sodium sulfite goes into solution or chemically complexes with the sodium thiosulfate in a manner such that subsequent supercooling can be achieved. Recycling of the device can then be accomplished by releasing another portion of the second chemical into the container. The resulting constant temperature device is particularly effective for use as a warm baby mattress, a warm blanket, or a hot water bottle substitute.

83 citations


Patent
22 Mar 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for control of SOx emissions from copper smelter operations involving pyrometallurgical reduction of copper ores to elemental copper in which the gases from reverberatory furnaces, roasters, and/or converters are scrubbed with a sodium alkali sorbent to produce sodium sulfate and sulfite wastes.
Abstract: Process for control of SOx emissions from copper smelter operations involving pyrometallurgical reduction of copper ores to elemental copper in which the gases from reverberatory furnaces, roasters, and/or converters are scrubbed with a sodium alkali sorbent to produce sodium sulfate and sulfite wastes. The cleaned flue gases are exhausted to the atmosphere. The waste sodium sulfate/sulfite material is then reacted with excess acid from the smelter acid plant and ferrous ion-rich barren solution from the associated cement copper operations to produce co-precipitated double salts of sodium ferric hydroxy-disulfates and/or sulfites (SFH), having low water solubility and being suitable for landfill type disposal without posing serious water pollution problems. This disposes of the sodium sulfite/sulfate waste materials from the air pollution control process and also strips the barren solution of iron prior to its recycle to heap or dump leaching operations. The reduction of ferrous iron concentrations in the recycle barren solution tends to reduce the opportunity for iron hydroxides to be formed in the dump thereby increasing production of copper from aqueous sulfuric acid type leaching operations.

23 citations


Patent
15 Mar 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for removing sulfur oxides from flue gas, the gas is contacted by a primary extraction solution containing sodium sulfite as the active compound and some sodium bisulfite in a scrubber.
Abstract: In a system for removing sulfur oxides from flue gas, the gas is contacted by a primary extraction solution containing sodium sulfite as the active compound and some sodium bisulfite in a scrubber, and the resultant extract containing more sodium bisulfite is mixed with an alkaline solution containing regenerated sodium sulfite in a mixer to produce the primary extraction solution. A portion of the latter is bled off to a regenerator wherein the quantity of sodium bisulfite made in the scrubber reacts with calcium hydroxide to form regenerated sodium sulfite and large diameter calcium sulfite precipitates that remain suspended in the parent solution. This mixture is drawn off the regenerator by overflow, without pumping, for gravity flow to the eye of a thickener, wherein an increased density slurry of the mixture is withdrawn from the thickener well and directed to a rotary filter to produce a calcium sulfite filter cake. The resultant filtrate and the solids free overflow from the thickener provide the sodium sulfite solution inputs to a holding tank, from which the liquor is pumped through a back washed polishing filter and back to the mixer. Flyash, initially present in the incoming flue gas, is separated from the gas in the scrubber and passes through the system to the filter, where it acts as a filter-aid.

23 citations


Patent
19 Feb 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a purge stream is removed from the absorbing solution subsequent to contact with the sulfur dioxide-containing gases and before regeneration, and the relatively insoluble sodium bisulfite is recovered therefrom as undissolved solids.
Abstract: Metal, e.g. sodium sulfate, is separated from metal, e.g. sodium sulfite, in a solution, for instance a solution used in a system involving contact of sulfur dioxide-containing gases with the sodium sulfite solution as an absorbing solution to recover sulfur dioxide wherein the absorbing solution is regenerated after contact with the gas and recycled for further use. A portion of the absorbing solution is purged to avoid the unduly large build-up of sodium sulfate in it. The purge stream is contacted with sulfur dioxide to reduce the amount of sodium sulfite therein to relatively soluble sodium bisulfite, and the relatively insoluble sodium sulfate is recovered therefrom as undissolved solids. The liquid separated from the sodium sulfate, which is rich in sodium bisulfite, is returned to the absorbing solution. In a preferred aspect, the purge stream is withdrawn from the absorbing solution subsequent to contact with the sulfur dioxide-containing gases and before regeneration.

12 citations


Patent
18 Jul 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a food for fish and invertebrates which is compatible with the ecology in a closed circuit salt water aquarium containing both fishes and inverts is presented. But the food is not homogenized in preferred form.
Abstract: A food for fish and invertebrates which is compatible with the ecology in a closed circuit salt water aquarium containing both fish and invertebrates contains broken sea urchin eggs, water, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride, and citric acid. The food is compounded by breaking the sea urchin eggs and blending them with the preservatives and water, and by pasturizing the blended material. In preferred form, the food is also homogenized.

8 citations


Patent
23 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a process in which the sodium sulfite obtained as a byproduct in the production of hydroxy aromatic compounds from aromatic hydrocarbons, such as sulfur trioxide and sodium hydroxide, is converted into sulfur dioxide and sodium carbonate for recirculation of same in said production of the same.
Abstract: The sodium sulfite obtained as a byproduct in the production of hydroxy aromatic compounds from aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur trioxide and sodium hydroxide, is converted into sulfur trioxide and sodium hydroxide for recirculation of same in said production of hydroxy aromatic compounds, by a process wherein: (a) the sodium sulfite is reacted with zinc chloride to form sodium chloride and zinc sulfite; (b) the zinc sulfite is heated to form zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide and the sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide; (c) the sodium chloride is reacted with ammonium bicarbonate to form ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate; (d) the zinc oxide is reacted with the ammonium chloride to form zinc chloride and ammonia; (e) the ammonia is reacted in the Solvay Process to form ammonium bicarbonate; and (f) the sodium bicarbonate is heated to form sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide, and the sodium carbonate is reacted with calcium oxide to form sodium hydroxide.

7 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A low-contrast mauve color, different from the clear reds, purples and blue previously given by the Bodian Protargol (silver-protein) method with insect central nerve ganglia, was found to be caused by an impurity in the analytical grade sodium sulfite used in the hydroquinone silver developer.
Abstract: A low-contrast mauve color, different from the clear reds, purples and blue previously given by the Bodian Protargol (silver-protein) method with insect central nerve ganglia, was found to be caused by an impurity in the analytical grade sodium sulfite used in the hydroquinone silver developer. Impurities having the same effect were present in about half the samples of sulfite tested and appeared to be more complex sodium sulfoxy compounds. Recrystallization of the sulfites from hot water readily removed the impurity from every sample and restored the ability of the stain to give the desired colors.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A series of disodium N-alkylsulfosuccinamates were prepared by the reaction of methyl Nalkylmaleamates with sodium bisulfite in aqueous ethanol as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A series of sodium methyl N-alkylsulfosuccinamates was prepared by the reaction of methyl N-alkylmaleamates with sodium bisulfite in aqueous ethanol. The surface-active properties and detergency of these derivatives were compared with those of a series of disodium N-alkylsulfosuccinamates prepared by the reaction of sodium sulfite with N-alkylmaleamic acid in water. The ester derivatives generally showed good lime soap dispersing requirement and washing ability in combination with soap, where-as the disodium salts were somewhat deficient in these properties and exhibited good washing ability only at 0.2% concentration with the surfactant as the sole component.

4 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new pulping process, called sulfomathylation process, was discussed, in which sodium sulfite and formaldehyde are used as the cooking agents of wood chips.
Abstract: High yield pulp contains more lignin than the conventional chemical pulp. Therefore, refining and beating have little effect on fibrillation of pulp fiber, and the strength of paper therefrom is relatively low. Consequently, a process for making high yield pulp, which is easily refined and beaten to produce a high strength paper, have been desired. This paper discusses a new pulping process, so-called sulfomathylation process, in which sodium sulfite and formaldehyde are used as the cooking agents of wood chips. The properties of this pulp (Abbrev. SM pulp) were compared with those of pulp cooked with sodium sulfite alone (Abbrev. S pulp). The results are summarized as follows : (1) The amounts of sulfonate group and water retention value of SM pulp are higher than those of S pulp (Table 2). This shows that lignin in SM pulp is sulfonated and sulfomethylated (Fig. 3).(2) SM pulp is beaten easier than S pulp as a result of increased flexibility of pulp fiber (Fig. 1 and 2).(3) Strength of SM pulp sheet is improved, especially in breaking length and burst factor (Table 4).(4) In order to obtain more flexibilty of pulp fiber, two-stage cooking, first with sodium sulfite and second with sodium sulfite and formaldehyde, was studied. Breaking length of two-stage pulp sheet is somewhat higher than that of single stage one (Table 6).

Patent
17 Apr 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the amount of calcium contained in sodium-base waste sulfite liquor is reduced by precipitating the calcium as calcium sulfite and separating the precipitate from the remaining waste-sulfite liquor solution.
Abstract: The amount of calcium contained in sodium-base waste sulfite liquor is reduced by precipitating the calcium as calcium sulfite and separating the precipitate from the remaining waste sulfite liquor solution. The precipitation is caused by dissolving in the waste suflite liquor (1) additional calcium, i.e., beyond the amount of calcium initially contained in the waste sulfite liquor; (2) a sodium or an ammonium compound or a combination thereof selected from the group consisting of sodium oxide, sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydroxide, anhydrous ammonia, ammonium sulfite, aqueous ammonia, ammonium carbonate, ammonium magnesium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide; and (3) a source of sulfite ions.