Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 1993"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct colorimetric method that simultaneously combines measurement of solubilized and insoluble thiol groups and disulfide bonds in corn meal-based materials is described.
Abstract: A direct colorimetric method that simultaneously combines measurement of solubilized and insoluble thiol groups and disulfide bonds in corn meal-based materials is described. Ellman's reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), which reacts specifically with thiol groups, or disodium 2-nitro-5-thiosulfobenzoate, which reacts with cysteine and thiol groups formed after reduction of disulfide bonds with sodium sulfite, were reacted directly with corn meal in the presence of surfactants (urea and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate), releasing the soluble chromophore 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate. After a clarification step to remove suspended material, absorbance at 412 nm was read. This assay was highly reproducible, and measurements agreed with direct amino acid analysis. Twin-screw extrusion of corn meal at 150 degrees C at moisture levels of 16 and 18% had no significant effect on cysteine or disulfide bond levels. Other possible changes such as disulfide bond rearrangements could not be determined by the mixed-phase assay. This method provides a rapid and convenient means for screening thiol and disulfide levels in insoluble proteinaceous materials
128 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of 4-hexylresorcinol on browning in apple slices was evaluated during storage at four temperatures, using reflectance spectroscopy and visible light absorption.
Abstract: Effectiveness of 4-hexylresorcinol to inhibit enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning in apple slices preserved by combined methods was assessed during storage at four temperatures. Sodium sulfite and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate were used for comparison. Browning as measured by reflectance spectroscopy and based on visible light absorption was partially inhibited by 4-hexylresorcinol comparable to that of a fivefold sulfite concentration at 25 o C. At temperature above 35 o C, the inhibiting effect of 4-hexylresorcinol was minimal. Energy of activation of the browning reaction was 5-20 kcal/mol and was not affected by anti-browning treatment. Only induction time was delayed by the 4-hexylresorcinol and sulfite treatments
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of pH, oxygen partial pressure, and sulfite conversion on the reaction rate of uncatalyzed sodium sulfite oxidation is determined experimentally at a temperature of 20°C.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoinduced electron transfer between Hypocrellin A and sodium sulfite was investigated to produce the semiquinone radical anion of Hypocllin B (HB) and the sulfur trioxide radical anions (·SO 3 - ).
Abstract: Hypocrellin A (HA) and hypocrellin B (HB) are efficient phototherapeutic agents. Irradiation of HB with visible light in the presence of sodium sulfite in water-pyridine or water- N,N -dimethylformamide (1:1, v/v) solution gives hypocrellin B-5-sulfonic acid and hypocrellin B-5,8-disulfonic acid. HA reacts similarly under the same conditions. Electron spin resonance and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline- N -oxide (DMPO) spin trapping studies indicate that this photoreaction is initiated by the photoinduced electron transfer between HB and sodium sulfite to produce the semiquinone radical anion of HB (HB .− ) and the sulfur trioxide radical anion (·SO 3 - ). The intermediates (HB .− and 5-SO 3 − -HB .− ) produced from the photolysis process have also been observed in absorption spectra. The attack of ·SO 3 − on HB at the 5 and/or 8 positions to form the sulfonated products has been verified by quenching experiments. The effects of air and pH on the sulfonation reaction have been investigated. On the basis of the experimental evidence, the reaction pathway for the photoreaction is proposed.
27 citations
TL;DR: The role of mill type, pH regulator, more or less pronounced superficial oxidation, pollution by iron from the mill, etc. are considered in the chalcopyrite depression as mentioned in this paper.
16 citations
TL;DR: In all 3 patients, there was a strong reaction to ketoconazole cream and to anhydrous sodium sulfite at 2 and 4 days (Table 1), and all its individual constituents (kindly supplied by Janssen) at various concentrations.
Abstract: Case no. 3 A 41-year-old woman, with seborrhoeic dermatitis on the face and chest, was treated with ketoconazole cream. After 2 weeks, she developed an itchy vesicular papular dermatitis at the sites of application. Patch testing was performed with the GIRDCA standard series, ketoconazole cream, as is, and all its individual constituents (kindly supplied by Janssen) at various concentrations. In all 3 patients, there was a strong reaction to ketoconazole cream and to anhydrous sodium sulfite at 2 and 4 days (Table 1).
14 citations
TL;DR: Sodium sulfite and sodium disulfite induced photohemolysis up to almost 100%, the effect depending on the concentration of the compounds and UV dose administered, and the clinical significance of these findings has to be established by further work.
Abstract: Additives are used widely to enhance the quality of food products. To identify possible phototoxic properties, 13 food additives (benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzoic ethyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, p-hydroxybenzoic acid n-butyl ester, benzyl alcohol, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, propionic acid, sodium disulfite and sodium sulfite) were evaluated in vitro by means of a photohemolysis test using suspensions of human erythrocytes. Irradiation was performed with various light sources differing with regard to their spectral irradiance. Sodium sulfite and sodium disulfite induced photohemolysis up to almost 100%, the effect depending on the concentration of the compounds and UV dose administered. Radiation rich in UVB was most effective; a sunlight-simulating lamp induced photohemolysis to a lesser degree. All other substances tested did not cause significant photohemolysis. As sulfites are frequently encountered, they may contribute to UVB sensitivity. The clinical significance of these findings has to be established by further work.
13 citations
TL;DR: The present report demands further experimentation to define the role of sulfite as an intracellular modulator of oxalate production.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, α-hydroxysulfinates are synthesized by slowly adding aldehydes to the mixture of sodium dithionite 4 - sodium hydroxide, and the products are rapidly separated from sodium sulfite 5 and isolated.
7 citations
Patent•
09 Jul 1993
TL;DR: In this article, Fenton's reagent which is formed by combining hydrogen peroxide and ferrous salt is added to cyanide containing waste water under acidic conditions of pH2-6 to give it oxidation treatment.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve treating efficiency by oxidation-treating cyanide containing waste water with Fenton's reagent, next adding copper salt to decompose excess hydrogen peroxide and further adding a reducing agent to make cyanide compounds hard to dissolve, permitting them to be separated. CONSTITUTION:Fenton's reagent which is formed by combining hydrogen peroxide and ferrous salt is added to cyanide containing waste water under acidic conditions of pH2-6 to give it oxidation treatment. In this case, the added quantity of the reagent is determined by previously giving sampling treatment to the waste water so that treating time may be about 0.5-5hr. After the oxidation treatment, sodium hydroxide, etc., are added to make it alkaline, pH8-10, and copper salt, such as copper sulfate is added by such amount that treating time may be about 10min-3hr to decompose excess hydrogen peroxide. Next, a reducing agent, such as sodium sulfite is added under conditions of pH2-10 by such amount that treating time may be 5min-1hr to make cyanide compounds hard to dissolve. Next, the precipitate is removed in a precipitator, etc.
7 citations
TL;DR: The preparation of 2-chlorobenzoxazole-2-sulfonate and its use as a reagent for the formation of fluorescent derivatives of amines and amino acids is described in this article.
Abstract: The preparation of sodium benzoxazole-2-sulfonate and its use as a reagent for the formation of fluorescent derivatives of amines and amino acids is described. Sodium benzoxazole-2-sulfonate is readily prepared by boiling 2-chlorobenzoxazole with sodium sulfite. Sodium benzoxazole-2-sulfonate is non-fluorescent, but reacts with amines and amino acids to give derivatives which exhibit intense blue fluorescence. The solubility of the compound in water also makes it particularly advantageous as a reagent for the derivatisation of amino acids. Furthermore, sodium benzoxazole-2-sulfonate may be tagged onto an ion-exchange resin, in which form it may be used for heterogeneous on-line pre- or post-column derivatisation of amines and amino acids.
TL;DR: In this paper, a ring closure of 5,6-diamino-as-triazines with phenylglyoxal in methanol was performed to give the E-form Schiff bases which then isomerize to the corresponding enamines.
Abstract: Certain derivatives of dihydro- and tetrahydropyrazino[2,3-e]-as-triazines were prepared by ring closure of 5,6-diamino-as-triazines with phenylglyoxal in methanol. These 4-azapteridines experience an addition of the alcohol at C(7), and N(8) underwent an unusual methylation under acidic conditions affording the 7-methoxy-8-methyl-6-phenyldihydropyrazino derivative. Regioselective control by the aldehyde-binding reagent, sodium hydrogen sulfite and sodium sulfite, tends to direct the phenyl group to the C(7). Hinsberg reaction of 5,6-diamino-as-triazines with phenacyl bromide proceeded in regiospecific fashion to give the E-form Schiff bases which then isomerize to the corresponding enamines
TL;DR: In this article, six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied by chemical deoxygenation microemulsion-stabilized room temperature phosphorimetry with sodium sulfite as an oxygen scavenger and thallous nitrate as a heavy atom perturber in sodium dodecyl sulfate medium.
Patent•
18 Aug 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple process, less environmental pollution, the product contains not only less iron, but also less sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, and other impurities.
Abstract: The sodium sulfide refining process includes roasting the mixturre of coal and anhydrous mirabilite to form rough soda, then cooling and soaking to obtain concentrated soda liquor; the characteristics are that 4-8 kg deiron agent is added in each cubic meter of said concentrated soda liquor, whose temp. is controlled to 50-100 deg.C, the optimum value is 65-85 deg.C, after stirring, the subsidence time ought to be not less than 4 hrs., then through solid-liquid separation to obtain refined soda liquor, present invention features simple process, less environmental pollution, the product contains not only less iron, but also less sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite and other impurities.
Patent•
30 Jul 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to produce 2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid in high purity and yield in water or aqueous solvent or in the absence of solvent via four steps at a low cost without exerting bad influence on the environment.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To easily and safely produce 2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid in high purity and yield in water or aqueous solvent or in the absence of solvent via four steps at a low cost without exerting bad influence on the environment by using an easily available inexpensive tosyl chloride as a starting raw material. CONSTITUTION:2-Chloro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid of the formula 5 can be produced by reacting tosyl chloride of the formula 1 with sodium sulfite in the presence of an alkali salt, reacting the obtained sodium p-tolylsulfinate of the formula 2 with a methyl halide of the formula CH2X (X is halogen) to form methyl p-tolylsulfone of the formula 3, chlorinating the product in sulfuric acid solvent and finally oxidizing the produced (3-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl) methylsulfone of the formula 4 with nitric acid. The compound of the formula 5 is useful as an intermediate for agrochemicals useful as herbicide.
Patent•
11 Mar 1993
TL;DR: The external preparation can be used as a cosmetic and a quasi-drug, e.g. cream, milk lotion, lotion and pack, and an external medicine, such as ointment or liniment and emulsion as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide an external preparation excellent in the stability of active component in an oil soluble glycyrrhiza extract and expectable of skin- beautifying effect. CONSTITUTION: The external preparation is produced by compounding a preparation containing oil soluble glycyrrhiza extract consisting of glabridin, glabrene, glabrol and hormoletin as main active components with pyrosulfite salt and/or sulfite salt as a stabilizer at the ratio of 0.01-3.0wt.% as anhydrous compound. The example of pyrosulfite salt used as a stabilizer is sodium pyrosulfite, calcium pyrosulfite, etc., and that of sulfite salt is ammonium sulfite, potassium sulfite, hydrogen ammonium sulfite, hydrogen calcium sulfite, hydrogen sodium sulfite, etc. The external preparation can be used as a cosmetic and a quasi- drug, e.g. cream, milk lotion, lotion and pack, and an external medicine, e.g. ointment, lotion, liniment and emulsion. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio
Patent•
21 Jun 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a sulfomethylation product of a cocondensate of an amino compd. and a phenol (e.g., phenol-aldehyde condensate) is presented.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an amino cocondensation resin excellent in resistances to water and boiling water, weatherability, and adhesive properties by producing a specific deriv. of a cocondensate of an amino compd., a phenol, and an aldehyde (donor). CONSTITUTION:This resin is a sulfomethylation product of a cocondensate of an amino compd. (e.g. urea), a phenol (e.g. phenol), and an aldehyde (donor) (e.g. HCHO) and is produced pref. by cocondensing the amino compd. and/or an amino compd.-aldehyde condensate with the phenol and/or a phenol-aldehyde condensate in the absence or presence of the aldehyde (donor) under such a condition that a sulfomethylating agent (e.g. sodium sulfite) is added before, during, or after the condensation and reacted.
Patent•
26 May 1993
TL;DR: A synthetic process of DEAE, QAE and SP type ion exchange medium used in radial chromatograph column includes auto-polymerization of methylacrylic acid epoxy propionate or acrylic acid polypropionate and graft reaction of said polymer with cellulose, finally an open chain reaction with diethylamine, triethylamine and sodium sulfite which is used as open chain reagent is featured in simple reaction condition, easy control and large exchange capacity as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A synthetic process of DEAE, QAE and SP type ion-exchange medium used in radial chromatograph column includes auto-polymerization of methylacrylic acid epoxy propionate or acrylic acid epoxy propionate and graft reaction of said polymer with cellulose, finally an open chain reaction with diethylamine, triethylamine and sodium sulfite which is used as open chain reagent Said process is featured in simple reaction condition, easy control and large exchange capacity The radial chromatograph column filled with above mediums possesses advantages of large amount in treatment, rapidity and convenience in linear amplification when it is used in separation and purification of blood plasma, cow serum and human blood albumin
Patent•
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09 Feb 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a trisamino compound expressed by formula I (Cp is residue of coupling component) is obtained by dispersing it into an organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide together with a coupler expressed by the formula H-Cp and adding dropwise an aqueous alkali solution thereto to carry out coupling reaction.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a new trisazo compound useful as a medium for light recording, ink, filter, optical shutter, photoelectric conversion element, light modulation element and space modulation element because of excellent solubility and large absorption coefficient and reflectance. CONSTITUTION:A trisazo compound expressed by formula I (Cp is residue of coupling component). For example, the trisazo compound is obtained by dispersing a trisamino compound, preferably expressed by formula II into an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid and adding sodium sulfite thereto at -10-20 deg.C and subjecting the trisamino compound to diazotization to form a tris(diazonium) salt expressed by formula III (X is anion functional group) and then dissolving the tris(diazonium) salt in an organic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide together with a coupler expressed by the formula H-Cp and adding dropwise an aqueous alkali solution thereto to carry out coupling reaction.
Patent•
14 Sep 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the Soxhlet method was used to obtain high-purity beta-chloroethanesulfonic acid (BCHA) sodium salt from water medium, which can avoid difficulty on operation such as evaporation to dryness.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a purification method for obtaining high-purity beta- chloroethanesulfonic acid sodium salt crystals comparable that obtained from Soxhlet extraction method which has been carried out hitherto from water medium so as to avoid difficulty on operation such as evaporation to dryness without using expensive ethanol. CONSTITUTION:This method for purifying sodium beta-chloroethanesulfonate crystals comprises adding an alkylamine hydrochloride to an aqudous solution of sodium 4-chloroethanesulfonate obtained from the reaction of 1,2- dichloroethane with sodium sulfite or the reaction of vinyl chloride with sodium hydrogensulfite, heating and dissolving the mixture and cooling the aqueous solution to <=20 deg.C to crystallize and filter 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid radical, sulfuric acid radical and sulfurous acid radical, evaporating water from the resultant filtrate under reduced pressure to concentrate the filtrate, crystallizing a part of common salt among inorganic salts impurities under high temperature, filtering the deposited common salt at a temperature higher than concentration temperature, cooling the resultant high-temperature filtrate to ordinary temperature to partially crystallize sodium beta-chloroethanesulfonate, filtering the crystals and recovering the filtrate to circularly use the filtrate.
Patent•
20 Apr 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to prevent the occurrence of a chromium stain by regulating the amt of dissolved oxygen in washing water used in an Ni-Cr plating process and a Cr-plating process or using washing water contg added sodium sulfite or hydrazine.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the occurrence of a chromium stain by regulating the amt of dissolved oxygen in washing water used in an Ni plating process and a Cr plating process or using washing water contg added sodium sulfite CONSTITUTION:Inert gas is passed through part or all of washing water used in an Ni plating process and a Cr plating process to maintain 0-5ppm amt of dissolved oxygen or washing water contg added sodium sulfite or hydrazine is used Oxidation by dissolved oxygen in washing water is prevented, the occurrence of a chromium stain is inhibited and Ni-Cr plating having fine luster is obtd
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, Hypocrellin A and sodium sulfite in strong alkalineaqueous solution (1% NaOH) with a stream of air blowing through the liquid led to the formation of 13-SO_3Na-DDHA in 30% yield.
Abstract: Refluxing of Hypocrellin A (or Hypocrellin B) and sodium sulfite in strong alkalineaqueous solution (1% NaOH) with a stream of air blowing through the liquid led to theformation of sodium 14-dehydroxy-15-deacetyl-Hypocrellin A-13-sulfonate (13-SO_3Na-DDHA) (in 30% yield) and a red water-soluble polymer. If the reaction of Hypocrellins and so-dium sulfite proceeded in mixed solvents of pyridine-water (1: 1/v: v) in the presence of CuO,a single water-soluble product 13-SO_3Na-DDHA was obtained in 70% yield. In the lattersystem, the alternation of the solvent and the oxidant facilitated the production of13-SO_3Na-DDHA. The ESR study of the reaction system showed that this sulfonationreaction was initiated by the heat induced electron transfer between Hypocrellins and SO_2~(2-)to produce the semiquinone radical anion and sulfur trioxide radical anion (SO_3~-). The nitromethane aci-anion quenching experiment proved that the key step for the formationof 13-SO_3Na-DDHA was the attack of SO_3 on Hypocrellins at the 13-position which could beactivated under alkaline and higher temperature conditions. The role of the oxidant used was con-sidered to be a quencher of the semiquinone radical anion of HA (or HB) to its parent quinone toincrease the relative concentration of HA (or HB) so that the generation of SO_3~- via the electrontransfer interaction between Hypocrellins and SO_3~(2-) was accelerated.
TL;DR: Using the TiCl3, H2O2, NH2O, NHO, −Na2S2O8, and −H2O 2/Na2SO3, continuous-flow, radical-generating methods at 25 °C, they have successfully characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Using the TiCl3–H2O2, –NH2OH, −Na2S2O8, and −H2O2/Na2SO3, continuous-flow, radical-generating methods at 25 °C, we have successfully characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy ra...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the degree of sulfite decomposition in a specific boiler and controlling the factors that promote decomposition will reduce the likelihood and severity of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of copper alloys.
Abstract: Sodium sulfite is used routinely for removing traces of oxygen from the water in low- and moderate-pressure boilers. Sodium sulfite is unacceptable for use in higher pressure boilers because it will decompose, which will release acidic gases into the steam and increase corrosion of after-boiler components. However, even in moderate-pressure boilers, one of the products of sulfite decomposition, moist sulfur dioxide, can cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of copper alloys. Monitoring the degree of sulfite decomposition in a specific boiler and controlling the factors that promote decomposition will reduce the likelihood and severity of SCC.
Patent•
06 Oct 1993
TL;DR: The synergistic catalyst is a chemical composite made of 18 substances such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, complexon II, ethanolamine saponin, dichloroethane, trisodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, etc by compound lapping in three proportional relationships.
Abstract: The synergistic catalyst is a chemical composite made of 18 substances such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, complexon II, ethanolamine saponin, dichloroethane, trisodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, etc by compound lapping in three proportional relationships It features lowering the activation energy of reaction and thorough reaction, so increasing the regeneration efficiency of hard water softener