Topic
Soil biodiversity
About: Soil biodiversity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10092 publications have been published within this topic receiving 337543 citations.
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Book•
01 Jan 1966
TL;DR: The Soils Around Us 2 Formation of Soils from Parent Materials 3 Soil Classification 4 Soil Architecture and Physical Properties 5 Soil Water: Characteristics and Behavior 6 Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle 7 Soil Aeration and Temperature 8 Soil Colloids: Seat of Soil Chemical and Physical Activity 9 Soil Acidity 10 Soils of Dry Regions: Alkalinity, Salinity, and Sodicity 11 Organisms and Ecology of the Soil 12 Soil Organic Matter 13 Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soiles 14 Soil Ph
Abstract: 1 The Soils Around Us 2 Formation of Soils from Parent Materials 3 Soil Classification 4 Soil Architecture and Physical Properties 5 Soil Water: Characteristics and Behavior 6 Soil and the Hydrologic Cycle 7 Soil Aeration and Temperature 8 Soil Colloids: Seat of Soil Chemical and Physical Activity 9 Soil Acidity 10 Soils of Dry Regions: Alkalinity, Salinity, and Sodicity 11 Organisms and Ecology of the Soil 12 Soil Organic Matter 13 Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soils 14 Soil Phosphorus and Potassium 15 Micronutrients and Other Trace Elements 16 Practical Nutrient Management 17 Soil Erosion and Its Control 18 Soils and Chemical Pollution 19 Geographic Soils Information 20 Prospects for Global Soil Quality Appendix A Soil Classification: World Resource Base Autralian and Canadian Systems Appendix B SI Units, Conversion Factors, Periodic Table of the Elements and Scentific Names of Plants Mentioned Glossary Index
6,267 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon sink capacity of the world’s agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of the historic carbon loss of 42 to 78 gigatons of carbon.
Abstract: :The carbon sink capacity of the world’s agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of the historic carbon loss of 42 to 78 gigatons of carbon. The rate of soil organic carbon sequestration with adoption of recommended technologies depends on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming system, and soil management. Strategies to increase the soil carbon pool include soil restoration and woodland regeneration, no-till farming, cover crops, nutrient management, manuring and sludge application, improved grazing, water conservation and harvesting, efficient irrigation, agroforestry practices, and growing energy crops on spare lands. An increase of 1 ton of soil carbon pool of degraded cropland soils may increase crop yield by 20 to 40 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) for wheat, 10 to 20 kg/ha for maize, and 0.5 to 1 kg/ha for cowpeas. As well as enhancing food security, carbon sequestration has the potential to offset fossilfuel emissions by 0.4 to 1.2 gigatons of carbon per year, or 5 to 15% of the global fossil-fuel emissions.
5,835 citations
Book•
21 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the role of soil in the formation and evolution of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry in Perspective, as well as its relationship with Soil Organisms.
Abstract: Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry in Perspective. Soil as a Habitat for Organisms and Their Reactions. Methods for Studying Soil Organisms. Components of the Soil Biota. Occurrence and Distribution of Soil Organisms. Carbon Cycling and Soil Organic Matter. Dynamics of Residue Decomposition and Soil Organic Matter Turnover. Ammonification and Nitrification. The Fate of Nitrates. Closing the Nitrogen Cycle: Return of Nitrogen to the Soil. Mycorrhizal Relationships. The Commercialization of Organisms. Phosphorus Transformations. Sulfur Transformations in Soil. Microbial Transformations of Metal. Chapter References and Suggested Reading. Subject Index.
2,974 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1961
TL;DR: In this paper, the biological processes that take place in the soil and their importance to soil fertility, plant growth, and environmental quality are investigated from both descriptive and functional viewpoints, including microbial ecology, the carbon and nitrogen cycles, mineral transformation, and ecological interrelationships.
Abstract: Characterizes soil microflora from descriptive and functional viewpoints; considers the biological processes that take place in the soil and their importance to soil fertility, plant growth, and environmental quality. Deals with the biochemical basis for soil processes, including microbial ecology, the carbon and nitrogen cycles, mineral transformation, and ecological interrelationships.
2,728 citations
TL;DR: Results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced.
Abstract: An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farming systems. Here we report results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe. We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% and pesticide input by 97%. Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs.
2,624 citations