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Showing papers on "Soil stabilization published in 2001"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, several methods have been suggested to control the excessive heave associated with swelling of expansive soils, which can cause considerable distress to lightweight civil engineering structures, such as bridges.
Abstract: Excessive heave associated with swelling of expansive soils can cause considerable distress to lightweight civil engineering structures. Several methods have been suggested to control this problem....

347 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to identify the critical factors governing the engineering behavior of cement-stabilized clay, which helps not only to control the input of cementing agent to attain strength development with curing time and clay water content, but also to understand the subsequent engineering behavior.

292 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and combined effects of randomly oriented fiber inclusions and cement stabilization on the geotechnical characteristics of fly ash-soil mixtures.
Abstract: An experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and combined effects of randomly oriented fiber inclusions and cement stabilization on the geotechnical characteristics of fly ash-soil mixtures. An Indian fly ash was mixed with silt and sand in different proportions. The geotechnical characteristics of the raw fly ash-soil specimens and fly ash-soil specimens containing 1% randomly oriented polyester fiber inclusions were investigated. Unconfined compression tests were carried out on fly ash-soil specimens prepared with 3% cement content alone and also with 3% cement and 1% fiber contents, after different periods of curing. The study shows that cement stabilization increases the strength of the raw fly ash-soil specimens. The fiber inclusions increase the strength of the raw fly ash-soil specimens as well as that of the cement-stabilized specimens and change their brittle behavior to ductile behavior. Depending on the type of fly ash-soil mixture and curing period, the increase in strength caused by the combined action of cement and fibers is either more than or nearly equal to the sum of the increase caused by them individually.

284 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a representative ionic soil stabilizer and a sodium montmorillonite clay were selected for a detailed physical-chemical study, which included chromatography, spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and standard titration analyses.
Abstract: Numerous commercial suppliers are marketing liquid chemical products for stabilizing pavement subgrade and base soils. These nontraditional chemical stabilizers may offer viable alternatives for stabilizing sulfate-rich soils where conventional lime or cement treatment can lead to excessive soil expansion. Typically sold as concentrated liquids that are diluted in water before application, these products may be less expensive to use than lime or cement. However, many transportation agencies are hesitant to specify nontraditional liquid stabilizers without better information on the stabilizing mechanisms and documented field experiences. To identify the mechanisms associated with one class of these products, a representative ionic soil stabilizer and a sodium montmorillonite clay were selected for a detailed physical-chemical study. Laboratory testing included chromatography, spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and standard titration analyses. These tests have shown that the principal act...

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The method of soil stabilization is well known and has been used throughout the world for many decades to improve some soil properties as mentioned in this paper. Although many researchers have studied the effect of adding a...
Abstract: The method of soil stabilization is well known and has been used throughout the world for many decades to improve some soil properties. Although many researchers have studied the effect of adding a...

113 citations



Patent
04 May 2001
TL;DR: The methods of the present invention include applying waste water containing 0.15% by weight of the salts of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, SO 4, and CO 3 and mixtures thereof to soil to control dust, effect soil stabilization, seal ponds, inhibit root rot, and irrigate soil as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The invention relates to disposing of unwanted waste waters produced from purifying water. The methods of the present invention include applying waste water containing 0.15% by weight of the salts of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, SO 4 , and CO 3 and mixtures thereof to soil to control dust, effect soil stabilization, seal ponds, inhibit root rot, and irrigate soil. The invention also relates to the utilization of waste waters within cooling towers and for laundry applications.

63 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Mar 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of test results from two separate studies conducted on expansive soil stabilization using recycled waste materials was evaluated in these studies and two different expansive soil types were used as control soils.
Abstract: This paper presents a summary of test results from two separate studies conducted on expansive soil stabilization using recycled waste materials. Fly ash and polypropylene fibers were evaluated in these studies. Two different expansive soil types were used as control soils. Both methods increased strength and decreased shrinkage strains of raw expansive soils. Fly ash method also reduced plasticity and free swell characteristics. Both stabilizers are recycled waste products and therefore their use in soil stabilization will reduce landfilling costs and enhance recycling efforts.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a full scale field placing test of lightweight soils were carried out at sites 10 m below the sea level in Kumamoto Port with the purpose of investigating the material properties of lightweight soil placed under deep water.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of chemical agents that can be applied to improve the behavior of clays and why the agents proposed should be evaluated, and minimum requirements for adequate testing and evaluation are provided.
Abstract: Of the types of soils that occur in nature, clay soils are the most physicochemically active. Their natural tendencies to change volume with moisture level changes cause billions of dollars of damage annually to transportation facilities. Methodologies to modify and stabilize their damaging behavior have been widely sought. In fact, there is evidence of clay soil stabilization in antiquity. Because these problematic soils are chemically active and their behavior can be improved through the application of chemical agents, a multitude of these agents have been applied. Some of these agents are naturally occurring, some are derived by manufacture, and some are the waste products of manufacturing processes. Why these clays are chemically active, how agents can be applied to improve the behavior of clays, and why the agents proposed should be evaluated are reviewed. Minimum requirements for adequate testing and evaluation are provided.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the feasibility of using ultrasonic testing for stabilization applications, which consisted of determining primary wave (P-wave) velocities of stabilized mixtures.
Abstract: Tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using ultrasonic testing for stabilization applications. The ultrasonic testing consisted of determining primary-wave (P-wave) velocities of stabilized mixtures. The ultrasonic method involves a simple and fast test procedure that allows for repeated assessment of a sample over time. For the testing program, tests were conducted on a high plasticity clay stabilized with lime, cement, and fly ash and a Type F fly ash stabilized with lime and cement. Compaction characteristics of the mixtures were determined using modified Proctor tests. Unconfined compression tests were used to determine compressive strength and modulus of the mixtures immediately after sample preparation and after 7-day and 28-day curing periods. Ultrasonic tests were conducted on the compaction and compression test samples, and the test results were correlated. Variation of velocity with water content demonstrated a similar trend to the variation of dry density with water content for the soil. The velocity increased with increasing density for both soil and fly ash. For compression characteristics, velocity increased with increasing modulus for both soil and fly ash. The velocity correlated well with the unconfined compressive strength of fly ash samples. However, this trend was not as well defined for the soil. Overall, the test program demonstrated that ultrasonic testing can be used effectively to evaluate stabilized materials. P-wave velocity correlations can be used to verify the quality of field placement of stabilized mixtures and to improve mixture design procedures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a variety of cement-stabilized rammed earth pullout test samples were fabricated with deformed, galvanized deformed and plain, and stainless steel rebar.
Abstract: Stabilized rammed earth offers a low energy durable alternative to conventional building materials, such as masonry and processed timber, for low-rise residential projects. To date, rammed earth construction has mainly been used in the developing world, particularly Africa and Asia. Despite recent applications in Australia and the United States, further development of rammed earth in these countries has been hindered by a lack of data on important aspects of material performance. In this paper, work undertaken to assess bond of rebars embedded in rammed earth is described. A variety of cement-stabilized rammed earth pullout test samples were fabricated with deformed, galvanized deformed, plain, and stainless steel rebar. Pullout bond resistance is shown to be a function of rammed earth compressive strength, rebar type, embedment length, and the method of specimen preparation.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the ability of using foamed asphalt (FA) to stabilize local sebkha soils to be used as a base or subbase material in asphalt structures under the relatively high temperature conditions in eastern Saudi Arabia.
Abstract: In recent years, considerable research has been conducted in the construction of pavement layers incorporating foamed asphalt (FA). Development of improved foaming techniques has enabled both effective and economical stabilization of marginal quality pavement materials. This paper explores the ability of using FA to stabilize local sebkha soils to be used as a base or subbase material in asphalt structures under the relatively high temperature conditions in eastern Saudi Arabia. For the sake of relative performance and cost comparison, three types of treatment were used to stabilize the low quality sebkha soil: FA, emulsified asphalt, and sulfate-resisting (type V) portland cement. Marshall stability, indirect tensile, and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed to evaluate the properties of Marshall-prepared samples. Properly designed FA sebkha soil with as little as 2% cement displayed significant improvement in the strength properties, as compared with those of emulsified and cement-c treated sebkha mixes. From cost perspectives, the FA-sebkha-2% cement mixture exhibited a superior rating as compared with the other stabilizing agents.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, an electric arc furnace steel slag with MgO content under 5% can be added in different proportions to a soil-cement system improving strength and conserving cement.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to increase the bearing capacity of cement stabilized soil system by addition of furnace steel slag, which will also result in a consumption of waste produced in large quantities. The results demonstrated the following: The electric arc furnace steel slag with MgO content under 5% can be added in different proportions to a soil-cement system improving strength and conserving cement; the electric arc furnace slag reacts with water and shows a bonding effect that can produce an increase in strength of the soil-cement system at medium and long term; the long term durability of the system is guaranteed because the voids of the soil-cement system are enough to absorb the MgO expansion.

Patent
11 Oct 2001
TL;DR: A soil stabilization composition for enhancing compaction and reducing permeability of different types of soil is provided in this paper, which includes an acrylic copolymer resin, an enzyme and portland cement.
Abstract: A soil stabilization composition is provided for enhancing compaction and reducing permeability of different types of soil The composition includes an acrylic copolymer resin, an enzyme and portland cement The proportions of resin enzyme and cement will vary in accordance with the type of soil being treated Sandier soils typically require higher volumes of product than sandier soils, and may require different relative compositions of ingredients

Patent
30 Mar 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a composition including a vegetable oil and a structural material selected from a group comprising soil, sand, bitumen, asphalt, and concrete was used to construct a bridge.
Abstract: A composition including a vegetable oil and a structural material selected from a group comprising soil, sand, bitumen, asphalt, and concrete The polymerized vegetable oil being substantially within a range of 2%-20% by weight of the structural material

01 Apr 2001
TL;DR: A five-year study was initiated seeking materials/additives and procedures that help to mitigate crack susceptibility in cement-treated material (CTM), and a field test program of six 305m (1000ft) test sections was implemented in August 2000.
Abstract: A five-year study was initiated seeking materials/additives and procedures that help to mitigate crack susceptibility in cement-treated material (CTM). A field test program of six 305-m (1000ft) test sections was implemented in August 2000. The following additives/procedures were included for investigation: • 5.5% cement additive (control section); design based on a reduced strength criteria. • 5.5% cement precracked 24 to 48 hours after finishing. • 5.5% cement precut (grooved) every 3 m (10 ft). • 3.5% cement with 8% fly ash (CFA). • 6% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with 2% lime admixture (LGBFS). • 3% lime and 12% fly ash; stabilization technique used by MDOT (LFA). The first interim report covering the first phase of investigation/monitoring during the 28day period was submitted on April 21, 2001. Two layers of hot mix asphalt (HMA) – 110-mm (4.5-in.) base, 60-mm (2.25-in.) polymer modified binder – were placed over the stabilized layer beginning September 21, 2000, followed by the second field monitoring on November 13, 2001. Field tests included deflection tests employing Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), retrieval of 100-mm (4-in.) cores for compression tests, and a manual crack survey. The results were presented in Interim Report II. On June 16, 2003, (nominally three years) the test sections were monitored again, also with a deflection test employing FWD and a manual crack survey. Prior to the June 2003 survey, a 50-mm (2-in.) polymer modified surface course was placed, with the road opening to traffic on July 8, 2002. Nominally five years after construction, again deflection tests deploying FWD (December 1, 2004), compression tests on 102-mm (4-in.) cores, and a manual crack survey (March 8, 2005) were conducted. Presented in this final report are (i) the results of the deflection analysis and moduli of layers, (ii) the compressive strength results of 102-mm (4-in.) diameter cores, and (iii) the crack survey results. Backcalculation of moduli from deflection data was accomplished by deploying MODULUS v.6, with pavement modeled as a four-layer system and, in a few cases, as a threeyear system as well. The backcalculated results show that the moduli of all the sections, except that of the CFA, increased steadily from 28 days to 1654 days. In CFA, however, the modulus was not only relatively low but it also leveled off after 440 days. In the LFA section, the modulus remained significantly low in the beginning and continued at a low level over the five-year period. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) determined from 102-mm (4-in.) diameter cores consistently increased with time in all of the six mixes. The strength gain of the 5.5% cement control mix leveled off after 440 days, thus not attaining the target strength of 2070 kPa (300 psi). Lime-fly ash mix strength was indeed low compared to those of the other mixes. With 220 mm (8.75 in.) of HMA overlay, no reflection cracks were observed throughout the five-year monitoring period.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of current soil-lime mixing and construction procedures for five soils treated with powdered quicklime or lime slurry was evaluated and the effect of significantly reducing the mellowing period for ease of construction was evaluated.
Abstract: Lime is routinely used as a soil modification agent in Kansas to improve the performance of subgrade soils with the primary goal of reducing volume change. Effective mixing of lime and soil is critical to ensuring that the expected improvements occur throughout the soil mass. The results are presented herein on the effectiveness of current soil-lime mixing and construction procedures for five soils treated with powdered quicklime or lime slurry. A series of tests was performed on each soil as part of the evaluation process. Test procedures included field density determination, dynamic cone penetrometer, unconfined compression, lime content, pH, Atterberg limits, swell testing, and determination of the maximum unit weights and optimum moisture contents for the native soil and lime treated soil. The effect of significantly reducing the mellowing period for ease of construction was evaluated and determined to negatively affect subgrade compaction and strength due to high water contents remaining from the mixing process. Additionally, the results of the testing showed that two passes with a rotary mixer were sufficient to effectively pulverize and mix the soil and lime to achieve modification. However, the results also suggested that there was the potential for additional strength gains with additional mixing. The consistency of lime distribution on a larger scale was also evaluated and determined to be adequate at the locations observed, although there was some evidence that the mixing of soil with lime in a slurry form appeared to yield a more consistent final product than mixing with powdered quicklime. Several recommendations were proposed for consideration by the Kansas Department of Transportation for soil modification procedures. These included moving from a specified percentage of lime for all projects to a lime percentage based on soil testing. Recommendations also included the introduction of a mellowing period after preliminary mixing to allow the lime more time to react with the soil to break down clay lumps and to give the soil time to dry to a water content closer to optimum. Also proposed for consideration was the adoption of National Lime Association specifications for final mixing, which include the use of AASHTO T-180 as the compaction standard and requiring rotary mixing during the final stage of mixing. Further evaluation of the performance of soils mixed with lime slurry compared with soils mixed with quicklime was recommended to determine if lime slurry yields a significantly better product. Other recommendations proposed for consideration included an evaluation of the benefits of making soil stabilization a goal of soil treatment and taking advantage of the benefits of including the stabilized layer as a component in the pavement design. Construction costs beyond those already incurred for modification should be relatively small and the additional structural benefits could yield significant savings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of industrial wastes on the strength development of stabilized soils was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods.
Abstract: This paper describes the effective utilization of industrial wastes such as ferric oxide powder and aluminum sludge for soil stabilization. Mixing these industrial wastes with hydrated lime to form some new type of stabilizers will be useful for both strength improvements of soils and environmental protection. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of wastes on the strength development of stabilized soils. To perceive the strength development mechanisms of stabilized soils, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were employed in order to evaluate the formation of chemical reaction products and microstructural changes occurred in the stabilized soils. The industrial wastes contained in stabilized soil improve the mechanical properties of soils by chemical reactions between the reacting elements of industrial wastes and clay minerals in the soil. In particular, adding aluminum sludge into ferrum lime lead to a marked improvement in the early strength or flexural strength of stabilized soils.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a study that investigated the use of CBPD in the stabilization of an expansive clay was carried out in the Sultanate of Oman, where the soil was stabilized with 0, 3, 6, and 9% CBPD Mixtures were subjected to the following tests: (1) Atterberg limits, (2) pH, (3) compaction, (4) California Bearing Ratio (CBR), (5) swell percent and (6) swell pressure Results indicate that as cement by-pass dust content increases, the swell percentage and maximum dry density
Abstract: Cement by-pass dust (CBPD) or cement kiln dust (CKD) is a by-product of the manufacture of Portland cement It is generated during the calcining process in the kiln Lime (CaO) constitutes more than 60% of CBPD composition Other compounds include Si02, Ah03, F~03, K20, Na20, Cr, etc Oman Cement Company generates about 25,000 to 30,000 tons of CBPD every year Some CBPD is used as a filler for road asphalting The remainder of the CBPD is disposed of on-site without any further reuse or reclamation As such research was carried out to investigate beneficial reuses of CBPD in the Sultanate of Oman This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the use of CBPD in the stabilization of an expansive clay The soil was stabilized with 0, 3, 6, and 9% CBPD Mixtures were subjected to the following tests: (1) Atterberg limits, (2) pH, (3) compaction, (4) California Bearing Ratio (CBR), (5) swell percent and (6) swell pressure Results indicate that as cement by-pass dust content increases, the swell percent and maximum dry density decrease while the pH and CBR values tend to increase Thus, CBPD could potentially act similar to lime or cement in improving the properties of clayey or silty soils

31 Mar 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on efforts to refine the pumping problem and on the development of guidelines for identifying the problem silt-soils, and secondary importance was given to the identification of alternate methods for stabilization.
Abstract: Many areas of Louisiana consist of soils with high silt contents, low strengths, and minimal bearing capacity. Construction traffic in these soils can cause detrimental pumping action in areas with a high water table. These wet subgrades under Louisiana pavements cause both construction and performance problems. Common solutions to the problem include excavation and replacement, lime treatment, or cement stabilization. Special provisions are often included in the contract for chemical additives in lieu of undercutting. The research emphasis of this study was placed on efforts to refine the pumping problem and on the development of guidelines for identifying the problem silt-soils. Secondary importance was given to the identification of alternate methods for stabilization. The study consisted of two phases. Phase 1 documented the field experiences of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) districts. Phase 2 consisted of a testing program to investigate the nature of the problem, the character of the silt materials, and their performance with modifying and stabilizing agents. Eight soil samples from four of the DOTD districts were used in the laboratory program. The soils were typical examples of those commonly encountered with a high-silt content. Several were acquired from current projects in which pumping problems were occurring. The basic characteristic-parameters of the natural samples were determined with standard laboratory tests. The response and stability of the silts under compaction and loading with various moisture levels and compaction efforts were also tested. The susceptibility to pumping of the different samples was reviewed in terms of their physical characteristics. In addition to the silt content percentage, the plasticity character was noted as significant during testing. Anomalies were also found to exist between the DOTD's earthwork specifications and the physical properties of the high silt-content soils. The potential for the modification and stabilization of the problem silt soils was also studied. The laboratory tests were selected with respect to construction needs and possible post construction conditions. A limited number of specific additives were proposed with consideration for their ability to dry the subgrade silts sufficiently in order that they be compacted and with the strength to provide a working table for the construction of the base and pavement. The additives selected included hydrated lime, portland cement, and Class C fly ash. Limited tests for evaluating long-period stability of the stabilized silt-subgrade subjected to accelerated curing followed by vacuum-saturation conditions were also conducted.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, experimental research conducted on the use of the chemical soil stabilizer Con-Aid for stabilization of low-cost roads and rehabilitation of existing roads was conducted in Botswana.
Abstract: During road construction, especially on unsurfaced earth and gravel roads, many problems can arise including deterioration of the surface and dust on the road. Because road maintenance is costly and disruptive to traffic flow, stabilization of some local road materials during construction is necessary. This paper discusses experimental research conducted on the use of the chemical soil stabilizer Con-Aid for stabilization of low cost roads and rehabilitation of existing roads. Con-Aid is a water-soluble, anionic compound with surface-active properties, and is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Two types of soils in Botswana were used in the research, and lab tests on treated and untreated soil samples were carried out to establish the engineering properties of the soil. It is recommended that Con-Aid be used as a stabilizer on low cost roads, as it will reduce construction and maintenance costs, ensure that the roads remain passable in rainy season, and dust-free in dry season.

ReportDOI
01 Aug 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the potential for release of constituents into the environment from coal combustion fly ash used in soil stabilization projects was evaluated. But the results presented support previous work showing little to negligible impact on water quality.
Abstract: The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) approved the use of coal ash in soil stabilization, indicating that environmental data needed to be generated. The overall project goal is to evaluate the potential for release of constituents into the environment from ash used in soil stabilization projects. Supporting objectives are: (1) To ensure sample integrity through implementation of a sample collection, preservation, and storage protocol to avoid analyte concentration or loss. (2) To evaluate the potential of each component (ash, soil, water) of the stabilized soil to contribute to environmental release of analytes of interest. (3) To use laboratory leaching methods to evaluate the potential for release of constituents to the environment. (4) To facilitate collection of and to evaluate samples from a field runoff demonstration effort. The results of this study indicated limited mobility of the coal combustion fly ash constituents in laboratory tests and the field runoff samples. The results presented support previous work showing little to negligible impact on water quality. This and past work indicates that soil stabilization is an environmentally beneficial CCB utilization application as encouraged by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This project addressed the regulatory-driven environmental aspect of fly ash use for soil stabilization, but the demonstrated engineering performance and economic advantages also indicate that the use of CCBs in soil stabilization can and should become an accepted engineering option.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The typical usage rate of coal combustion by-products for soil stabilization applications is 6% to 15%, although this varies on the basis of engineering performance in prescribed laboratory tests as mentioned in this paper, and the typical use rate of CCBs for road base and subbase applications is typically 6%-15%.
Abstract: Many coal combustion by-products (CCBs) have advantageous properties for engineering, construction, and manufacturing applications. 2, 3 CCBs have properties that are beneficial in soil stabilization applications such as soil drying, a soil amendment to enhance subgrade support capacities for pavements and floor slabs, reduction of shrink–swell properties of soils, and a stabilizer in aggregate road base construction and asphalt recycling. Approximately 31% of all U.S. CCBs (fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization materials) produced in 1999 were utilized. Six percent of the utilized fly ash and 20% of the utilized bottom ash was used in road base and subbase applications in 1999. The typical usage rate of CCBs for soil stabilization applications is 6%–15%, although this varies on the basis of engineering performance in prescribed laboratory tests.

Patent
30 Mar 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a composition including a vegetable oil and a structural material selected from a group comprising soil, sand, bitumen, asphalt, and concrete was used to construct a bridge.
Abstract: A composition including a vegetable oil and a structural material selected from a group comprising soil, sand, bitumen, asphalt, and concrete. The polymerized vegetable oil being substantially within a range of 2 %-20 % by weight of the structural material.



01 Feb 2001
TL;DR: In this article, three different combinations of soil bioengineering techniques were used to stabilize upland slopes on the roadside and three study sites were selected based on the following criteria: safety, visibility, accessibility, representation of disparate moisture conditions, climate, and erosion types; illustration of different techniques; availability of addition funding; and WSDOT input.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to provide alternatives called soil bioengineering methods for slope and shallow rapid landslide stabilization along different roadside environments. Additional objectives were to educate Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) personnel in site selection, soil bioengineering techniques, and construction; and to provide soil bioengineering decision-making skills. Three study sites were selected based on the following criteria: safety; visibility; accessibility; representation of disparate moisture conditions, climate, and erosion types; illustration of different techniques; availability of addition funding; and WSDOT input. Three different combinations of soil bioengineering techniques were used to stabilize upland slopes on the roadside. Results indicate soil bioengineering is an effective means of upland slope stabilization on erosional slopes and shallow rapid landslides and is practical and economical. Composted biosolids improved soil workability and enhanced the native plant community during the first year.