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Solar constant
About: Solar constant is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 967 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29647 citations.
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TL;DR: For lack of direct and scattering solar radiation intensities in current "Table Solar Radiation Intensities of Major Chinese Cities in Winter", hiemal atmospheric transparencies and ratios of scattering solar Radiation on the horizontal to direct solar radiation on the plane that was perpendicular to the light beam are calculated from the total and scattering SAR intensities on horizontal as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: For lack of direct and scattering solar radiation intensities in current "Table Solar Radiation Intensities of Major Chinese Cities in Winter", hiemal atmospheric transparencies and ratios of scattering solar radiation on the horizontal to direct solar radiation on the plane that was perpendicular to the light beam are calculated from the total and scattering solar radiation intensities on the horizontal. And direct, scattering and total solar radiation intensities per hour in major Chinese cities in winter are calculated using the calculated atmospheric transparencies and the ratios. In comparison with the data calculated using the cosine rule from the existing table, the results have a higher precision.
5 citations
01 Nov 1997
TL;DR: A working draft of an ISO standard, WD15387, "Requirements for Measurement and Calibration Procedures for Space Solar Cells" was discussed with a focus on the scope of the document, a definition of primary standard cell, and required error analysis for all measurement techniques.
Abstract: The increasing complexity of space power solar cells and the increasing international markets for both cells and arrays has resulted in workshops jointly sponsored by NASDA, ESA and NASA. These workshops are designed to obtain international agreement on standardized values for the AM0 spectrum and constant, recommend laboratory measurement practices and establish a set of protocols for international comparison of laboratory measurements. A working draft of an ISO standard, WD15387, "Requirements for Measurement and Calibration Procedures for Space Solar Cells" was discussed with a focus on the scope of the document, a definition of primary standard cell, and required error analysis for all measurement techniques. Working groups addressed the issues of Air Mass Zero (AM0) solar constant and spectrum, laboratory measurement techniques, and the international round robin methodology. A summary is presented of the current state of each area and the formulation of the ISO document.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of solar X-rays in the wavelength band 44-60 A have been obtained from telemetry, recorded at the Winkfield STADAN Station during the period April-July 1965, from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's Solar Radiation Satellite 1965-16D.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spectral distribution from ground level, rocket and satellite observations to obtain value of energy received at top of the atmosphere was used to estimate the energy received from solar electromagnetic radiation spectral distribution.
5 citations
01 Oct 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the possibility to utilize both silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells as spacecraft primary power source for missions far from the Sun, in order to overcome the drawbacks related to the utilisation of radioisotope thermoelectric generators - such as cost, safety and social acceptance.
Abstract: The deep space and planetary exploration project have been acquiring more and more importance and some of them are now well established both in ESA and NASA programs. This paper presents the possibility to utilize both silicon and gallium arsenide solar cells as spacecraft primary power source for missions far from the Sun, in order to overcome the drawbacks related to the utilisation of radioisotope thermoelectric generators - such as cost, safety and social acceptance. The development of solar cells for low illumination intensity and low temperature (LILT) applications is carried out in Europe by ASE (Germany) and CISE (Italy) in the frame of an ESA programme, aimed to provide the photovoltaic generators for ROSETTA: the cometary material investigation mission scheduled for launch in 2003. The LILT cells development and testing objectives are therefore focused on the following requirements: insolation intensity as low as 0.03 Solar Constant, low temperature down to -150 C and solar flare proton environment. At this stage of development, after the completion of the technology verification tests, it has been demonstrated that suitable technologies are available for the qualification of both silicon and gallium arsenide cells and both candidates have shown conversion efficiencies over 25% at an illumination of 0.03 SC and a temperature of -150 C. In particular, when measured at those LILT conditions, the newly developed 'Hl-ETA/NR-LILT' silicon solar cells have reached a conversion efficiency of 26.3%, that is the highest value ever measured on a single junction solar cell. A large quantity of both 'Hl-ETA/NR-LILT' silicon and 'GaAs/Ge-LILT' solar cells are presently under fabrication and they will be submitted to a qualification test plan, including radiation exposure, in order to verify their applicability with respect to the mission requirements. The availability of two valid options will minimize the risk for the very ambitious scientific project. The paper describes how the technical achievements have been possible with Si and GaAs LILT solar cells (including a comparison between measured and modelled l-V characteristics) and it presents the technology verification tests results.
5 citations