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Solar constant
About: Solar constant is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 967 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29647 citations.
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TL;DR: A new high-intensity standard of total and spectral irradiance has been developed recently at the National Bureau of Standards, which consists of a 1000-W tungsten-halogen lamp mounted in a ceramic reflector, the reflecting surface of which is coated with flame-sprayed Al(2)O(3).
Abstract: A new high-intensity standard of total and spectral irradiance has been developed recently at the National Bureau of Standards. The standard consists of a 1000-W tungsten–halogen lamp mounted in a ceramic reflector, the reflecting surface of which is coated with flame-sprayed Al2O3. The lamp–reflector combination results in a source having a relatively small (3 cm × 5 cm) radiating area yielding a total irradiance, at a distance of 40 cm, of about 136 mW cm−2. The total irradiance calibrations are based on the radiance of a 1400-K blackbody and have an estimated maximum systematic error of 0.9% and a maximum estimated standard error of 0.19%. The spectral measurements were made over the wavelength range of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm relative to the NBS 1000-W tungsten–halogen irradiance standards. The estimated uncertainty in these measurements ranges from 4% in the visible and near ir to 8% in the uv.
4 citations
TL;DR: The theoretical and practical factors which affect the specific performance characteristics and costs of solar furnaces are reviewed in detail in this paper, where the best design for a large solar furnace should incorporate the following features: 1) a parabolic concentrator consisting of adjustable curved-mirror segments, 2) a stationary concentrator with its axis horizontal, using an auxiliary movable mirror to follow the sun, 3) an angle between the image area and the rim of the concentrator of between 50° to 70°, 4) a reflecting surface consisting of back-silvered glass, and
4 citations
01 Aug 1992
4 citations
01 Sep 1989
TL;DR: In this article, an instrument on the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) has been made continuous measurements of the solar UV since October 1981, and the results for the wavelength interval 200 to 300 nm show an irradiance decrease to a minimum in early 1987 and a subsequent increase to mid-April 1989.
Abstract: Continuous Measurements of the Solar UV have been made by an instrument on the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) since October 1981. The results for the wavelength interval 200 to 300 nm show an irradiance decrease to a minimum in early 1987 and a subsequent increase to mid-April 1989. The observed UV changes during part of solar cycles 21 to 22 represent approx. 35 percent (during the decreasing phase) and 25 percent (during the increasing phase) of the observed variations of the solar constant for the same time period as the SME measurements.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a set of numerical experiments is carried out to test the short-range sensitivity of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies global atmospheric general-circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount.
Abstract: A set of numerical experiments is carried out to test the short-range sensitivity of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies global atmospheric general-circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount These experiments consist of forecasts initiated with actual atmospheric data One set of forecasts is made with a standard version of the model; another set uses the model modified by very different values of the solar constant (two-thirds and three-halves of the standard value) and of the ozone amount (zero and twice the standard amount) Twelve-day integrations with these very large variations show such small effects that the effects of realistic variations would almost certainly be insignificant meteorologically on this time scale
4 citations