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Solar constant
About: Solar constant is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 967 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29647 citations.
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15 Feb 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral distribution of the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is discussed and its impact on the Earth's atmospheric temperature and energy balance at the surface.
Abstract: In this chapter we will discuss solar spectral distributions and their corresponding impact on the climate, especially on the Earth’s atmospheric temperature and energy balance at the surface. Solar spectrum is defined as a spectral distribution of the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). It represents the incoming solar energy to the earth system containing the atmosphere and ocean. Solar radiation is the original driving force for the continuous circulations of atmosphere and ocean. It has been recognized that the variation of total solar irradiance (solar constant) at the TOA is one of the important factors impacting climate change, though the variation in total solar irradiance is very small, approximately only about 0.1% of the solar constant or about 1.3Wm−2 (Krivova et al, 2010). Besides the variation of the total solar irradiance the changes in the spectral distribution of the solar radiation can also affect the climate. However much less attention has been focused on this aspect.
2 citations
2 citations
01 Jun 1987
2 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the correlation between the time of change of angular momentum of the Sun rotating around the center of mass of the solar system and the annual mean values of sunspot numbers has been demonstrated, and the coefficient of correlation reached as high as 0.81 during A.D. 1900 1980 with confidence far higher than 99.9% when time lag τ～ 2 yrs.
Abstract: In this paper, the close correlation between the time rate of change of angular momentum of the Sun rotating around the center of mass of the solar system and the annual mean values of sunspot numbers has been demonstrated, and the coefficient of correlation reached as high as 0.81 during A.D. 1900 1980 with confidence far higher than 99.9% when time lag τ～ 2 yrs. It appears that the Solar Gyromagnetic Effect which may determine the basic magnetic dipole moment of the Sun by its rotation around the center of mass of the solar system is the key to affirm the cause of evolution of solar magnetic field (or solar activity) in the solar system. By inference, we think that the most part of matter in the solar interior should have very small velocity of rotation, as well as the solar differential rotation observed directly is only a phenomenon in the surface layer of the Sun. For the analysis of the magnetism of the Earth and other planets as well as various rotational celestial bodies or galaxies, the basic theory in the paper should be valid too.
2 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: The question of how constant is the solar constant has been the subject of much speculation for many years as mentioned in this paper, and Heath et al. made significant progress in placing this curiosity on firmer ground; using Nimbus 3 and 4 data he reported on variations of the solar constants between 120 nm and 340 nm suggesting that the variations were mainly associated with two active regions on the sun.
Abstract: The question “How constant is the solar constant ?” has been the subject of much speculation for many years. Heath (1973) made significant progress in placing this curiosity on firmer ground; using Nimbus 3 and 4 data he reported on variations of the solar constant between 120 nm and 340 nm suggesting that the variations were mainly associated with two active regions on the sun. Ruderman and Chamberlain (1975) demonstrated that cosmic rays produce nitric oxide in the atmosphere which in turn catalytically destroys odd oxygen. Since solar cosmic rays are modulated by the interplanetary magnetic field sector structure, which appears to be related to active regions (Heath et al. 1975) it is appropriate to estimate the combined effects of these variations of the solar output on the stratosphere and mesosphere.
2 citations