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Solar constant
About: Solar constant is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 967 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29647 citations.
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27 Apr 2022
TL;DR: In this article, the average values of optical Flare Index for 2010-2016 were calculated and the energy spectrum (the dependence of the number of flares with the full energy E from the value of this full energy) for 115 flares of M5-X7 classes was built.
Abstract: The large (X-ray class > M1) and very large (X-ray class > X1) flares (according to the observations of GOES-15 and Preliminary data from Current Catalog of Flare Events) in solar activity cycle 24 were analyzed. The monthly average values of optical Flare Index for 2010–2016 were calculated. The values of the total energy of the flare E (J m–2) in the 0.1–0.8 nm range at the level of the earth’s atmosphere were estimated. The energy spectrum (the dependence of the number of flares with the full energy E from the value of this full energy) for 115 flares of M5–X7 classes was built. The comparative study of monthly average values of several indices of solar activity in current cycle 24–the relative sunspot numbers (SSN), the 10.7 cm radio flux (F10.7), the radiation flux in the Lyman-alpha line (FLy-α), the solar constant (TSI) and the Flare Index (FI)–was made.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of measurement of the solar constant and spectrum energy distribution are discussed, and theoretical and observational problems are formulated to solve the problem of finding the optimal solution.
Abstract: Results of measurement of the solar constant and spectrum energy distribution are discussed. Urgent theoretical and observational problems are formulated.
TL;DR: In this article, the present-day status of the problem of measuring the solar constant, and the possible influence of variability of this quantity on the global climate system is discussed, and results of a search for periodicities in changes in the surface temperature of 12 cities are given in comparison with similar data for a series of Wolf numbers over an 85-year period.
Abstract: Data are presented on the present-day status of the problem of measuring the solar constant, and the possible influence of variability of this quantity on the global climate system is discussed. The results of a search for periodicities in changes in the surface temperature of 12 cities are given in comparison with similar data for a series of Wolf numbers over an 85-year period.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on direct measurement of solar output not on traditional indicators of solar activity related to global solar variability in its broadest sense, and distinguish between sunspot numbers, plage indices, magnetic indices, etc., and the direct measurements of the Sun's physical output.
Abstract: Variability of the solar output of radiation and particles is currently recorded in experiments that measure the total radiative output, i. e., the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and spectral irradiances, and the particulate output of solar wind plasma and energetic particles. Our emphasis is on direct measurement of solar output not on the traditional indicators of solar activity related to global solar variability in its broadest sense. We then distinguish between sunspot numbers, plage indices, magnetic indices, etc., and the direct measurement of the Sun’s physical output. Because of the paucity of measurements of the solar output before 1980, climatic significance of the solar output is usually established through these indices of solar activity. Of these two outputs, the radiation is the most energetic in terms of possible climatic effect. To establish both the total radiative energy input to the terrestrial atmosphere and that absorbed by particular chemical species in the upper atmosphere, we now have measurements of both the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and the spectral irradiance in the near UV from 400 nm to 100 nm. The 10.7 cm radio flux measurement is an absolute spectral irradiance of great value as an indicator of radiative variability because the record is so long, i. e., from 14 February 1947 to date. This radio flux record is the basis for estimating radiative output throughout the solar spectrum at times when no absolute measurements are available. The effects of the Sun’s particulate output tend to be short term: minutes to hours following solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Energetically, their effects appear to be small in the troposphere, but we should consider their aggregate effects of recurrent events such as flares and coronal mass ejections. One such effect discussed at this workshop is modulation of the cosmic ray input to the Earth’s atmosphere where it affects ionization and dissociation of chemical species. This effect is not a direct effect of the solar output but rather an aggregate effect on