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Solar constant

About: Solar constant is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 967 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29647 citations.


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01 Dec 1981
TL;DR: The cavity pyrheliometer sensor of the Nimbus 7 Earth Radiation Experiment indicated low-level variability of the total solar irradiance as discussed by the authors, which appears to be inversely correlated with common solar activity indicators in an event sense.
Abstract: The cavity pyrheliometer sensor of the Nimbus 7 Earth Radiation Experiment indicated low-level variability of the total solar irradiance. The variability appears to be inversely correlated with common solar activity indicators in an event sense. the limitations of the measuring system and available data sets are described.

10 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The Sun provides nearly all the energy powering the Earth climate system, far exceeding all other energy sources combined as discussed by the authors, and can cause commensurate changes in Earth's climate and can affect global and regional temperatures in different ways.
Abstract: The Sun provides nearly all the energy powering the Earth climate system, far exceeding all other energy sources combined. The incident net radiant energy, the “total solar irradiance,” varies on timescales from minutes to centuries and can cause commensurate changes in Earth’s climate and can affect global and regional temperatures in different ways. Typical solar variations are 0.1% on timescales from days to the 11-year solar cycle and are well measured by precision space-based radiometric instruments. Variations on longer timescales rely on solar models providing historical reconstructions. These estimate similar magnitude changes over centuries, albeit with uncertainties that increase with historical time. Because of the importance of tracking solar irradiance variability to better understand solar influences on climate, space-borne measurements have been continual since 1978 via a series of temporally overlapping instruments. Improved accuracies and stabilities in the most modern instruments are approaching the needed climate-driven measurement requirements for detection of potential long-term solar trends.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the received intensity of the sun at a wavelength of 3.18 cm and found that the average temperature increased by 8 °K per unit increase of sunspot area (one unit equals 10-5 times the area of the visible disk).
Abstract: Solar radiation at a wavelength of 3.18 cm. has been measured over a period of three months. The received intensity was found to vary from day to day and the changes are shown to be closely associated with sunspots. The equivalent black-body temperature of the sun over this period, in the absence of sunspots, was 19,300 °K., with a probable error of ±7 per cent. The temperature increased by 8 °K. per unit increase of sunspot area (one unit equals 10-5 times the area of the sun's visible disk). This increase is much less than that at longer microwavelengths. Sudden increases of radiation at 3.18 cm., caused by disturbed conditions in the sun, were found to be rare. A number of bursts were observed and a comparison is made with records of longer wave solar radiation and other phenomena of solar origin. Observations were made during the solar eclipse of November 1, 1948 and the results are consistent with either of two simple brightness distributions on the sun's disk. In the first of these, 74 per cent. of the energy is emitted uniformly by the sun's visible disk and the remaining 26 per cent. by a bright ring around the circumference ; in the second, the whole of the radiation comes from a uniform disk of diameter 1.1 times that of the visible sun.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that the 10.7-cm flux from the sun, generally accepted as a good index of the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV), does not vary the same as the EUV, especially over a solar cycle.
Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to demonstrate that the 10.7-cm flux from the sun, generally accepted as a good index of the solar extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV), does not vary the same as the EUV, especially over a solar cycle. It is widely held that the EUV from the sun, responsible for heating the atmosphere around 150 km, arises only from active (sunspot) areas on the sun and that its variations can be satisfactorily represented by the 10.7-cm solar flux (S). This assumption is based mainly on the belief that S consists of (a) a constant (quiet sun) thermal component originating from the whole sun that does not vary throughout a solar cycle and (b) a slowly varying component, originating in centers of activity associated with sunspots, to which all the important variation can be assigned. The results of scanning the sun with antennas array clearly show the quiet disk and the superimposed emission associated with the ever-changing sunspots [Covington and Harvey, I960].

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) consists of radiometers on a dedicated spacecraft in a 57° inclination orbit, which has a precessional period of 2 months, and on two NOAA operational meteorological spacecraft in near polar orbits as mentioned in this paper.

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20238
202215
20219
20202
201911
201810