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Solar eclipse

About: Solar eclipse is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2737 publications have been published within this topic receiving 22625 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1977-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported that large-magnitude periodic fadings during the eclipse of 23 October 1976 indicate that the eclipse is associated with generation of wave disturbance affecting radio-satellite transmissions in the upper VHF.
Abstract: THE localised time-dependent cooling action of the lunar shadow during an eclipse may generate gravity waves at ionospheric heights1,2. The bow wave thus formed would be detected at great distances from the eclipse path. Experimental data in the northern hemisphere from the eclipse on 7 March 1970, indicated the presence of gravity waves in the F-region, deduced from the incoherent backscatter technique3, vertical incidence soundings4, and recordings of the Faraday rotation angle of VHF transmissions from geostationary satellites5. The detected travelling ionospheric disturbance (TID) had the horizontal phase velocity of 400m s−1 (ref. 4) and 620±120 m s−1 (ref. 5). TID was reported to travel north to south4, or 279±25° east of north5. We report here our observations of large-magnitude periodic fadings during the eclipse of 23 October 1976, which indicate that the eclipse is associated with generation of wave disturbance affecting radio-satellite transmissions in the upper VHF. The waves had a 40-km wavelength, and propagated from north to south with a velocity of 556 m s−1.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional transport-kinetics model is used to examine the variations in stratospheric minor species concentrations expected to occur during an eclipse of the sun.
Abstract: A one-dimensional transport-kinetics model is used to examine the variations in stratospheric minor species concentrations expected to occur during an eclipse of the sun. The short chemical lifetime of some of the important stratospheric species suggest that significant variations in concentration of some species are expected. Species which show large diurnal behavior, such as NO and OH, should be expected to have especially noticeable changes during the eclipse. Such variations during an eclipse, if measured, could provide a validation for the short response time chemistry in several catalytic cycles currently used in models of stratospheric chemistry.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used zenith-viewing differential absorption spectroscopy in the visible range (450-540 nm) during the eclipse of February 26, 1998 (95% occultation over the station).
Abstract: Observations of the NO2 and O3 columns using zenith-viewing differential absorption spectroscopy in the visible range (450–540 nm) were carried out at Izana Observatory (Tenerife, 28°N, 16°W, 2370 m above sea level.) during the eclipse of February 26, 1998 (95% occultation over the station). Ozone has been retrieved using two different spectral ranges to minimize the effect of the continuous change of the solar spectrum shape as the Sun is being occulted. Small variations before the maximum phase in agreement with previous observations are found, but because of the change in the shape of the solar spectrum, it cannot conclusively be determined whether the ozone changes are real or due to interferences with changing Fraunhofer lines. The difficulties in observing small changes of absorbing gases during solar eclipse when using remote sensing technique that uses the solar UV and visible radiation as the source are discussed. NO2 displays an increase in phase with the degree of solar occultation, as compared to a non eclipse day of 1.55±0.09. A simple model assuming that changes over short times scales are only due to changes in photodissociation, using O3 and temperatures obtained from an ozone sounding station close to the observatory, reproduces the observed variation when the NO2 bulk is assumed to be at an altitude of 28 km. Correction for differences between local solar zenith angle (SZA) and the SZA where the absorption takes place is taken into account.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Flights of bees during partial phases of the eclipse lasted longer than flights made under full sun, showing that behavioral plasticity matched bee flight properties to changes in light intensity during the eclipse.
Abstract: The total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017 traversed ~5000 km from coast to coast of North America. In its 90-min span, sunlight dropped by three orders of magnitude and temperature by 10–15°C. To investigate impacts of these changes on bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) pollinators, we monitored their flights acoustically in natural habitats of Pacific Coast, Rocky Mountain, and Midwest regions. Temperature changes during the eclipse had little impact on bee activity. Most of the explained variation (R2) in buzzing rate was attributable to changes in light intensity. Bees ceased flying during complete darkness at totality, but flight activity was unaffected by dim light in partial phases before and after totality. Flights of bees during partial phases of the eclipse lasted longer than flights made under full sun, showing that behavioral plasticity matched bee flight properties to changes in light intensity during the eclipse. Efforts of citizen scientists, including hundreds of school children, contributed to the scope and educational impact of this study.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different regimes of atmospheric surface layer behaviour were identified, with the most significant impact including the formation of a stable layer just after totality and evidence of Kelvin–Helmholtz waves appearing at the interface between this layer and the residual layer forming above it.
Abstract: We use unmanned aerial vehicles to interrogate the surface layer processes during a solar eclipse and gain a comprehensive look at the changes made to the atmospheric surface layer as a result of the rapid change of insolation. Measurements of the atmospheric surface layer structure made by the unmanned systems are connected to surface measurements to provide a holistic view of the impact of the eclipse on the near-surface behaviour, large-scale turbulent structures and small-scale turbulent dynamics. Different regimes of atmospheric surface layer behaviour were identified, with the most significant impact including the formation of a stable layer just after totality and evidence of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves appearing at the interface between this layer and the residual layer forming above it. The decrease in surface heating caused a commensurate decrease in buoyant turbulent production, which resulted in a rapid decay of the turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer both within the stable layer and in the mixed layer forming above it. Significant changes in the wind direction were imposed by the decrease in insolation, with evidence supporting the formation of a nocturnal jet, as well as backing of the wind vector within the stable layer.

13 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202354
2022136
202191
202084
201992
2018104