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Solar eclipse
About: Solar eclipse is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2737 publications have been published within this topic receiving 22625 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a prototype high-altitude global numerical weather prediction model (NOGAPS-ALPHA) was used to study the atmosphere response to the total solar eclipse of 4 December 2002.
Abstract: : The atmosphere s response to the total solar eclipse of 4 December 2002 is studied using a prototype high-altitude global numerical weather prediction model (NOGAPS-ALPHA). Local reductions in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the eclipse are estimated using astronomical calculations of umbral and penumbral surface trajectories and observed solar limb darkening at ~ 200-300 nm. In NOGAPS-ALPHA these UV eclipse shadows yield stratospheric radiative cooling rate footprints peaking near 27 K day 1, a value 2 3 times larger than assumed in previous modeling. Difference fields between NOGAPS-ALPHA runs with and without this eclipse forcing reveal vertically deep middle atmospheric responses, with three-dimensional horizontal structures very similar to the large-scale bow-wave response first proposed by Chimonas (1970). Such structure appears clearly only at later times when total eclipses have abated and gravity waves generated in the stratosphere have had time to propagate vertically. Bow-wave amplitudes and direct thermal cooling responses are both small (]1 K for temperature and ]2 3 m s 1 for horizontal winds), contradicting some rocketsonde measurements that suggest much larger responses near 50 60 km altitude. We also find clear evidence of a bow-wave-like response in the model s surface pressure fields, with an amplitude 0.1 0.5 hPa, while surface air temperatures in NOGAPS-ALPHA show 4 K cooling over Africa during the eclipse. Both findings are consistent with surface atmospheric data acquired during previous eclipse passages.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects due to the transit of a solar eclipse through SE Asia on 18 March 1988 have been investigated using ionograms, electron content measurements, magnetograms and microbarograph recordings, provided by a chain of stations situated roughly parallel to the path of totality.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of an eclipse on electron-currents flowing in the E-layer is examined, and the corresponding magnetic effects are inferred, and it is concluded that the magnetic effects of a solar diurnal magnetic variation are likely to be too small for detection with certainty.
Abstract: Summary—The reduction of ionization in the E-layer, at a point on the track of the total eclipse of August 31, 1932, has been measured by Henderson; the effect of this on electron-currents flowing in the layer is here examined, and the corresponding magnetic effects are inferred If this layer is the seat of the currents which produce the solar diurnal magnetic variation (S), the magnetic effects of an eclipse should, it is inferred, be apparent, and their nature is described If, however, S is produced in the upper (F) ionized layer, the eclipse-effects are likely to be too small for detection with certainty The magnetic observations during eclipses are discussed, and the opinion is expressed that they show no regular magnetic effect of the type here predicted, and that therefore 5 is probably not produced in the E-layer; but a final decision must await further observations
40 citations
TL;DR: One of the most celebrated physics experiments of the twentieth century, a century of many great breakthroughs in physics, took place on May 29th, 1919, in two remote equatorial locations One was the town of Sobral in northern Brazil, the other the island of Principe off the west coast of Africa as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: One of the most celebrated physics experiments of the twentieth century, a century of many great breakthroughs in physics, took place on May 29th, 1919, in two remote equatorial locations One was the town of Sobral in northern Brazil, the other the island of Principe off the west coast of Africa The experiment in question concerned the problem of whether light rays are deflected by gravitational forces, and took the form of astrometric observations of the positions of stars near the Sun during a total solar eclipse The expedition to observe the eclipse proved to be one of those infrequent, but recurring, moments when astronomical observations have overthrown the foundations of physics In this case it helped replace Newton’s Law of Gravity with Einstein’s theory of General Relativity as the generally accepted fundamental theory of gravity It also became, almost immediately, one of those uncommon occasions when a scientific endeavor captures and holds the attention of the public throughout the world
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is applied to study ionospheric TEC (total electron content) derived from ground-based GPS receivers in Taiwan and Japan.
Abstract: [1] It has been predicted that the Moon's shadow, the cooling region, sweeping over the Earth's atmosphere with a supersonic speed could trigger bow waves since 1970. The longest total solar eclipse within next hundred years occurring on 22 July 2009 sweeps over the Eastern Asia region during the noontime period. An analysis of the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is applied to study ionospheric TEC (total electron content) derived from ground-based GPS receivers in Taiwan and Japan. We not only find the feature of the predicted bow wave but also the stern wave on the equator side of the eclipse path, as well as the stern wake right behind the Moon's shadow boat. The bow and stern waves are formed by acoustic gravity waves of periods about 3 and/or 5 minutes traveling equatorward with a phase speed of about 100 m/s in the ionosphere.
39 citations