Showing papers on "Solar energy published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this article, a finite difference approach is used to simulate heat flow to and from the soil and the results of the simulation indicate that water depth has little effect on productivity; insulation will improve this at shallow water depths; higher wind velocities and ambient temperatures increase output by a small amount; double glass covers considerably reduce output and, from an economical point of view, both double glass cover and high cover slopes are not justifiable; and that the effect on still performance of some changes can be predicted by considering the effect of water temperature and water-glass temperature difference.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of changes in five physically meaningful parameters on the I-V (current-voltage) curve of a CdS solar cell was calculated and compared between the calculated data and performance data obtained from degraded solar cells.
Abstract: The effect of changes in five physically meaningful parameters on the I-V (current-voltage) curve of a CdS solar cell is calculated. Comparisons between the calculated data and performance data obtained from degraded solar cells are made. The parameter that changed to cause the degradation in each cell becomes apparent.
96 citations
TL;DR: A new value of the solar constant, 135.1 mW cm(-2), has been derived, as well as a revised solar spectral irradiance curve for zero air mass.
Abstract: Solar constant and spectral irradiance curve for zero air mass obtained from aircraft measurements
79 citations
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Sky Therm system met these weather types with six means for modulating ambient conditions: solar heating, heat capacity, nocturnal radiation, water evaporation, radiation, evaporization and fan-coil operation.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the downward and upward fluxes of solar radiation have been programmed for computer use, so that these fluxes may he readily determined for any given set of conditions such as albedo, altitude and sun angle.
Abstract: Calculations of the downward and upward fluxes of solar radiation have been programmed for computer use, so that these fluxes may he readily determined for any given set of conditions such as albedo, altitude and sun angle. These calculations, which show good agreement with other models, were graphically compared with aircraft measurements using a specially designed homograph. Analysis of this comparison suggests that aerosols above 18,000 ft were producing an average attenuation of about 80% in the downward solar flux during the flight program.
43 citations
Journal Article•
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the production of several solar stills of different designs, some with double-strength windowglass covers and others with plastic-film covers, and the operating and design problems connected with both covers are reviewed.
32 citations
TL;DR: The Earth albedo in lower latitudes measured by satellites and surface stations, comparing solar energy absorption by oceans and atmosphere was measured by satellite and surface station data in this article.
Abstract: Earth albedo in lower latitudes measured by satellites and surface stations, comparing solar energy absorption by oceans and atmosphere
01 Mar 1969
TL;DR: In this article, electron drainage currents from dilute streaming plasmas to positively biased silicon and cadmium sulfide solar cell arrays were used to construct solar cells with solar arrays.
Abstract: Electron drainage currents from dilute streaming plasmas to positively biased silicon and cadmium sulfide solar cell arrays
TL;DR: A theoretical evaluation of the maximum attainable solar conversion efficiencies of p-n and n-p heterodiodes is presented in this paper, where the Anderson diffusion model is used and carrier concentrations of the two semiconductors are so chosen that photo-carriers generated do not have to surmount any junction barrier.
Abstract: A theoretical evaluation of the maximum attainable solar conversion efficiencies of p-n and n-p heterodiodes is presented. The calculations are made for some of the theoretically efficient and feasible heterojunctions of IV and III-V group semiconductors. In these calculations, the Anderson diffusion model is used and carrier concentrations of the two semiconductors are so chosen that photo-carriers generated do not have to surmount any junction barrier. The calculated efficiencies are compared with the reported experimental values and with the conventional Si photovoltaic cell.
TL;DR: In this paper, the shortcircuit current of the base layer of a drift-field solar cell is calculated, using better approximations for the electric field and for the mobility variation than used by previous authors.
Abstract: The short-circuit current of the base layer of a drift-field solar cell is calculated, using better approximations for the electric field and for the mobility variation than used by previous authors [2],[3]. The discrepancies between the results of Kaye and Rolik [2] and of Bullis and Runyan [3] are explained. We come to the conclusion that the advantage of a drift-field solar cell is mainly determined by the layer closest to the junction. To obtain a high collection efficiency, the impurity concentration close to the junction must be small and the impurity concentration ratio between back and front of the drift-field layer must be large.
TL;DR: In this paper, a satellite solar power station is proposed to generate power to meet future requirements, considering the finiteness of the Earth's fossil fuel reserves and the world energy needs.
Patent•
02 May 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the Greenhouse Effect is used to heat the cells to the desired ambient conditions. D R A W I N G D R E W I n G (Greenhouse Effect)
Abstract: APPARATUS FOR USE ONBOARD SPACECRAFT TO THERMALLY A NEAL DEFECTS FROM SOLAR CELLS. IN ONE EMBODIMENT THE "GREENHOUSE EFFECT" IS EMPLOYED TO HEAT THE CELLS TO THE DESIRED ANNEALING TEMPERATURES. D R A W I N G
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the major radiation data of a high desert mountain (approximately 14,000 ft elevation) peak during a "typical" day in mid-July were presented. But the daily amounts of solar radiation and net radiation exceeded most of those reported in the literature.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical and experimental study of solar radiation passing through a thin semi-transparent slab to heat a fluid is presented; the system of differential equations describing the temperature of the slab and the fluid as a function of time is derived and solved; the theoretical curves generated by the solution for the fluid temperature are compared with experimental readings obtained using water as the fluid and acrylic plastic (methyl-methacrylate) as the semitransparent material.
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of equilibrium temperature distribution on radiatively adiabatic, adjoint planes which are uniformly irradiated by a collimated solar flux is presented for evaluation.
Abstract: An analysis is presented for evaluation of equilibrium temperature distribution on radiatively adiabatic, adjoint planes which are uniformly irradiated by a collimated solar flux. The analysis employs a semigrey spectral model. Radiation properties for surface emitted radiation are obtained from the expressions of electromagnetic theory for smooth surfaces. Rough surface properties for solar radiation are given by the Beckmann bidirectional reflectance model. Numerical solutions to the governing equations yield equilibrium temperature distributions for a range of the influencing parameters. Surface roughness has little influence on equilibrium temperature for materials with high values for solar absorptance. However, for low or intermediate values of solar absorptance, roughness effects on the spatial distribution of reflected solar radiation can significantly alter equilibrium temperature particularly at surface elements where radiant interaction is small.