Showing papers on "Solenoid published in 1989"

Fuel injection control system for a two-cycle engine

Abstract: A solenoid operated valve controls the pressure of fuel supplied to a fuel injector. The fuel pressure is determined in accordance with the engine operating conditions. A driver is provided for operating the solenoid operated valve for setting the fuel pressure. The fuel pressure is increased as the load on the engine increases.

Method and apparatus for determining direction to and position of an underground conductor

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the direction to and position of a buried conductor carrying an AC signal. The apparatus employs a unique antenna unit having upper and lower sensors, each sensor having two orthogonal solenoid coils. The signals from these coils, which are representative of the magnetic flux therethrough, are processed to yield corresponding digital values. The numbers are combined in a novel formula to yield a value which has been empirically found to be indicative of lateral postion. An appropriate display is controlled by the microprocessor according to the sign and magnitude of the positional value.

Method and apparatus for controlling an electromagnetic clutch for use on a vehicle

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling an electromagnetic clutch which is incorporated in a power transmission system of a vehicle to transmit an output of an engine to drive wheels, and which includes a solenoid to be energized for an engaging action of the electromagnetic clutch to transmit a torque of the engine to the drive wheels, the torque to be transmitted by the clutch being varied as a function of an electric current to energize the solenoid. The method of apparatus comprises: a step or device for determining a target speed of the engine during a period of the engagement action of the electromagnetic clutch, based on a required output of the engine, and according to a predetermined relation between the target speed and required output of the engine; a step or device for controlling a magnitude of the electric current applied to the solenoid during the period of engagement of the clutch, such that an actual speed of the engine coincides with the determined target speed of the engine, and thereby applying the controlled magnitude of electric current to the solenoid to control the torque to be transmitted by the electromagnetic clutch.

Electronic unit retention system

Abstract: An electronic unit retention system is shown. With the present invention, electronic modules are kept retained within a system housing so long as power supplied to the module. A bracket is mounted within a module along its back wall. One or more guide pins extend from a back plane of the housing towards the center of the unit. A solenoid is mounded on the bracket and connected to the module's internal power supply. The solenoid is connected to the power supply in such a way that whenever power is supplied to the module, the solenoid is energized. The solenoid is designed such that when power is disconnected from the solenoid, and the solenoid is de-energized, the solenoid pin in the solenoid is withdrawn into the solenoid body. When the solenoid is energized, the solenoid pin extends. The solenoid is mounted on the bracket in such a way that when the pin is extended, it interacts with the guide pin and prevents the module from being moved. The solenoid pin contacts the guide pin tangentially. Contact is made in a location where the diameter of the guide pin is narrower than the rest of the pin. The solenoid pin is locked into position in this recessed portion and prevents the module from moving.

Pilot type controlled electromagnetic valve system

Abstract: The pilot type controlled electromagnetic valve system in accordance with the present invention is opened and closed principally by means of automatic remote control. The controlled valve system comprises a main valve F; a pilot valve G for opening and closing the main valve F by means of the fluid pressure on the primary side; a latching solenoid H for opening and closing the pilot valve G; and a solenoid drive control unit I for driving the solenoid H by supplying a discharge current from a capacitor to the solenoid. A pulse discharge current is supplied to the solenoid H from the capacitor C only when the pilot valve G is opened or closed, and no excitation current is supplied continuously through the coil of the solenoid. As a result, the power source battery can be reduced in size, and therefore virtually no accidents take place in the controlled valve system due to no heat generation in the coil.

Development of a Compact Electron Beam Ion Source Cooled with Liquid Nitrogen

Abstract: A small-sized EBIS type ion source (mini-EBIS) for production of highly charged ions has been developed. The whole system, namely, the electron gun, ion drift tube, electron collector, ion extraction lens and liquid nitrogen reservoir containing solenoid coil is housed in a vacuum envelope, 150 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length. The idea of cooling the solenoid to 77 K has proved very effective to miniaturize the solenoid and its power supply. Moreover, the wall of the liquid nitrogen reservoir exhibits a cryogenic pumping function at the ionization region. In the DC ion extraction mode with an electron current of 15 mA at 2 keV, beam intensities obtained for C6+, N7+, O8+, Ne9+ and Ar16+ ions are at least 5×104, 3×104, 1×104, 5×103 and 3×103 counts per second, respectively.

Logic valving for a transmission control

Abstract: A transmission control has a plurality of solenoid controlled hydraulic valves that are selectively operable to control the establishment of various drive ratios in a six speed transmission. A logic valve (18), comprised of two valve spools (46,68) and a solenoid (36), is disposed between the solenoid controlled hydraulic valves and some of the friction drives (C1-C5) in the transmission which establish the various drive ratios. The valve spools are operable to establish the fourth ratio if an electrical malfunction occurs during operation in the fourth or fifth ratios, or to establish the fifth ratio if electrical malfunction occurs while operating in the sixth ratio, or to establish the third ratio if an electrical malfunction occurs while operating in the first, second or third forward speed ratios. In the alternative, the valve spools can be controlled to establish fourth ratio whenever an electrical malfunction occurs when the transmission is operating in the second through fifth ratios.

Vehicle transmission, particularly for an agricultural tractor

Abstract: A transmission (1) for an agricultural tractor featuring a large number of gears and comprising a first six-­gear stage (2) and a second reverse-reduction stage (3) having three forward and one reverse speed ranges. The first stage (2) comprises a pair of drive shafts (4, 5) selectively connectable to an input shaft (12) via respective hydraulic clutches (Fp, Fd) and to an output shaft (16) via constant mesh gears (R1, R′1, R3, R′3, R5, R′5; R2, R′2, R4, R′4, R6, R′6) respectively defining the odd and even number gears and engaging the output shaft (16) via sliding couplings (M13, M52, M46) controlled by three-position hydraulic actuators (A13, A52, A46). The actuators (A13, A52, A46) are operated by respective pairs of on-off solenoid valves (El, E3; E5, E2; E4, E6) supplied via a proportional-­response solenoid valve (E7), further proportional-­response solenoid valves (E8, E9) controlling engagement and release of the aforementioned clutches (Fp, Fd). All the aforementioned solenoid valves (E1,...,E9) are controlled by an electronic control unit (45) for appropriately controlling engagement of the clutches (Fp, Fd) and actuators (A13, A52, A46) as a function of the actual service conditions of the tractor. (Figures 1 and 2).

Solenoid switch contact and mounting assembly

Abstract: A solenoid starter switch unit for garden tractors, outboard motors and the like operating in a vibrational environmental has an insulating housing with a coil chamber and an outwardly extending rectangular contact chamber. A coil unit supported in the coil chamber has a magnetic plunger with a contact pin journalled in one end and projecting into the contact chamber. The pin has an intermediate contact ledge and a contact has a flat base abutting the contact ledge. The contact is a winged-shaped strip of constant width substantially corresponding to the ledge and is symmetrically formed with a flat base on an inclined portion connected to an outer flat contact portion parallel to the base. An outer lip projects laterally and inwardly from the contact portion. A clamp nut on the pin has an outer edge engaging an outer portion of the base. Coil leads in one embodiment project through the top housing wall. Terminals are press fitted within receptacles on the top of the bobbin. The coil leads pass through top openings in the bottom and are wound about the terminals and soldered in place. The coil leads in another embodiment extend from the bottom of the bobbin and laterally through recessed guides to a bottom terminal chamber. A bottom coil clamp has a projection between the guides to hold the bottom against rotation and clamp the coil within the housing.

A comparison of the conductor requirements for energy storage devices made with ideal coil geometries

Abstract: Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) plants have previously been proposed in both solenoidal and toroidal geometries. The former is efficient in terms of the quantity of superconductor required per unit of stored energy. For applications where a fringe field could be a problem, the toroidal geometry, which requires at least a factor of two more material, has been proposed. In addition to the solenoid and toroid, other geometries are possible, such as linear multipoles and spherical coils. These geometries have been considered for use in applications other than energy storage. Here the effectiveness (quantity of superconductor/stored energy) is calculated for various coil geometries. >

Magnetron sputtering method and apparatus

Abstract: A magnetron sputtering apparatus is herein disclosed, the apparatus comprising a first solenoid coil for generating a first magnetic field, which is disposed on a back side of a sputtering target and a second solenoid coil for generating a second magnetic field which exerts influences on the first magnetic field, which is disposed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the sputtering target, the magnitude and direction of each current applied to the first and second solenoid coils being changed to continuously move a plasma ring formed on the surface of the sputtering target towards the radial direction, to thus contact and expand the plasma ring; and the magnitude and direction of each current applied to the first and second solenoid coils being appropriately set to a desired value to hold the plasma ring at a desired location in the radial direction for a desired time period. When sputtering is performed using this apparatus, the location of the plasma ring formed on the target surface in the radial direction can effectively be controlled over a sufficiently wide region.

Magnetic actuated firearms locking mechanism

Abstract: This invention teaches a safety for preventing unauthorized firing of a weapon (H) of the type having a trigger (19) and mechanical firing mechanism (21) for firing the weapon. A solenoid (S) controllably actuates or deactuates upon the application of an electrical signal. A decoder (D) is mounted with the weapon for detecting a signal from an authorized user and selectively activating the solenoid upon the signal from the authorized user. Such decoder (D) is electrically connected to at least a power source (P) and to the solenoid (S). An encoder (E) creates the signal indicating that the possessor is authorized to use the weapon. A linkage (L) connects the solenoid (S) and the firing mechanism (F) for controllably enabling or disabling the weapon from being fired upon the desired activation of the solenoid.

Failure detection mechanism for microcontroller based control system.

Abstract: A control system includes a microcontroller (18) which receives input signals from input sensors (14) and transmits output signals to electrically actuated solenoid valves (16) in response to the input signals. A drive circuit controller is responsive to the output signals and to a solenoid enable signal generated by a watchdog circuit (34) to control the solenoid valves (16). The watchdog circuit (34) is responsive to watchdog pulses generated by the microcontroller (18) and transmitted through the watchdog port of the microcontroller (12) to generate the solenoid enable signal. The watchdog circuit (34) generates the solenoid enable signal only when the frequency of the pulses generated at the watchdog port is within a relatively narrow frequency range. Accordingly, the watchdog circuit (34) disables the drive circuits (28) during failure of the microcontroller to assure that the solenoids will not be operated.

Method for controllably positioning a solenoid plunger

Abstract: An improved method for controllably positioning the plunger of a solenoid apparatus at a target position between its two extreme positions. The plunger is spring biased to a retracted position, and an electrical coil is intermittently pulsed to drive the plunger against the spring bias toward an extended position, such that the plunger oscillates about the target position. A precise, stable control of the plunger's oscillating motion about the target position is achieved by continuously measuring the plunger's actual position, in real time, based on a series of measurements of electrical current conducted through the electrical coil when it is being pulsed.

Reconstructing Electrical Conductivity Profiles from Variable-Frequency Eddy Current Measurements

Abstract: A method for reconstructing radially varying conductivity profiles in cylindrical conductors is described. Solenoidal driving and sensing coils surround the cylindrical sample and an AC magnetic field applied by the driving solenoid induces axisymmetric eddy currents in the sample. It is shown how a radially varying conductivity profile can be recovered from measurements of the complex impedance recorded as a function of frequency, where impedance here is defined as the ratio of the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the sensing coil to the current in the driving coil. An iterative nonlinear least-squares algorithm is employed to reconstruct the profiles. Demonstrations of the reconstruction method are presented based on both simulated and experimentally recorded impedance data.

Drive system employing frictionless bearings including superconducting matter

Abstract: A device employing frictionless bearings including a mass of superconductor material having a superconducting temperature Tc above about 77° K., magnet having an axis of symmetry being levitated from said mass of superconductor material so as to be rotatable about its axis of symmetry, and a support member attached to the magnet, the support member being driven so as to cause the magnet to rotate about its axis of symmetry. Additionally, there is included a frictionless commutator wherein a signal beam is intermittently interrupted by a member attached to the magnet, such intermittent interruption of the beam being detected and employed to cause alternate energization and de-energization of a solenoid which, in turn, creates a magnetic field. The solenoid magnetic field is employed to attract and repel second magnets positioned about the member so as to rotatably drive the first magnet.

Hydraulic valve with integrated solenoid

Abstract: A solenoid controlled pilot operated valve in which the valve elements are grouped into main and pilot sections including a combined seal-bearing means surrounding the main valve member and a solenoid coil integrated into the pilot control section of either a normally-open or normally-closed configuration of said valve in which the solenoid coil and armature are exposed to pressurized fluid.

Physiotherapeutic apparatus provided for producing a magnetic field to be used as a therapeutic means

Abstract: An apparatus for physiotherapeutic treatment of cells and tissues in a living body by directly inducing the magnetic energy of a magnetic field into the body in order to cure or stimulate repair of the treated body part. The magnetic field is generated by an induction coil having a solenoid with a substantially linear core fixed therein. The coil has a length of at least twice the length of the core diameter. The apparatus further comprises an electric current generator for feeding the coil.

Photoelectric injector design code

Abstract: A computer code based on an analysis for an emittance growth mechanism for electron beams in photoelectric injectors is described. The analysis leads to a generic injector design with a single external solenoid used for both focusing the beam and reducing the correlated emittance. The position of the solenoid is given by a complicated integral expression, depending on the accelerating gradient and RF focusing. The computer code described integrates this expression and calculates the best solenoid lens position for a given phasing and given field amplitudes of the accelerating cavities. >

Magnetic bearings for a high speed rotary vacuum pump

Abstract: The invention describes a system of magnetic bearings for high speed rotary vacuum pumps, having two radially centering passive magnetic bearings, which originate axially destabilizing forces and thus an unstable point. The axial position is regulated by an electrical solenoid and the operational point of the radial bearing is axially shifted with reference to the unstable point in direction of a high vacuum flange. One of two emergency bearings is located on a high vacuum end and the other is arranged on a fore-vacuum end between the solenoid and the lower passive radial bearing, the rotor, solenoid and position sensor being arranged so as to insure an easy adjustability of the rotor.

Axially-driven valve controlled fluid trapping assembly

Abstract: A solenoid driven valve is disclosed which is adaptable for controlling the introduction of a high pressure fluid into a fluid trapping assembly having an absorption column topped with an annular orifice expansion nozzle. The valve has an inlet port to introduce high pressure fluid, an axially moving solenoid driven pin which engages means to restrict fluid flow into said column. A diaphragm is located within the valve to direct fluid into the column and which separates the fluid in a region of high pressure from ambient pressures.

Device for measuring an electric current using a solenoid with regular pitch in the form of a torus

Abstract: A device for measuring electric current includes a toric core having a gap that establishes a pair of opposed end faces, and a continuous conductor having terminal ends and wound around the core in contiguous turns forming a toric solenoid interrupted by the gap. The solenoid has first and second ends adjacent the respective end faces of the core, and the conductor at each end of the solenoid passes through the core and extends along the axis thereof from the opposed end faces of the core such that the terminal ends of the conductor are located diametrically opposite the gap. A first compensation coil is serially connected to said first end of the solenoid such that the first coil overlies the first end of the solenoid to which the first compensation coil is connected.

Apparatus and method for adapting sensors to an irrigation controller

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for adapting a conventional freeze and rain sensors to be used with a water irrigation system in which a water valve is retracted by a latching solenoid.

Solenoid plunger magnet and its use as print hammer in print hammer devices

Abstract: A solenoid plunger magnet system is disclosed, preferably to be used as print hammer in a print hammer device. Known solenoid plunger magnets have in the exciting coil a first interferric gap as working interferric gap and a second interferric gap outside the exciting coil as loss interferric gap. The magnetic lines of force at the second gap are lost as moving forces for the solenoid plunger. The purpose of the invention is to increase the magnetic force of solenoid plunger magnets by using the second gap as well for generating forces, without affecting the generation of forces at the inner gap. For this purpose, a male taper control is arranged at the outer gap, which has a cylindrical shape and the usual length of loss gaps. A considerable increase of the magnetic force is thus achieved.

Stabilization of superconducting dry solenoids

Abstract: Premature quenches in superconducting solenoids wound with Formvar-coated NbTi conductors have been studied. Some model coils wound with various tensions were tested. The experimental results are discussed with attention given to the stress distribution for coil winding, cool-down to liquid helium temperature, and energization at 4.2 K. Some mechanisms of premature quench are classified according to the winding tension, and some stabilization methods are presented on the basis of these quench mechanisms. It is found that if a solenoid is wound loosely, macroscopic slips occur in inner layers due to low frictional force. Although such motions are removed if the coil is wound tightly, shear stress concentration at the interface between the winding and the bore tube then causes quenches by microslips. Inserted polymer films affect the sliding behavior of the conductor, which can improve the coil performance. >

Hydraulic control system for vehicular automatic transmission

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydraulic control system for the automatic transmission of a vehicle. The control system utilizes only one pulse width modulating valve to provide modulated pressure to whichever of the torque transfer devices--in the nature of clutches and brakes--constitutes the single, on-coming torque transfer device required to effect the drive ratio selected in accordance with electrical control signals from an on-board, pre-programmed computer. The control system accomplishes its objective by cascading a plurality of relay valves which are coupled to preferably latching, solenoid valves (A through E) which are also controlled by computer. A control valve is interposed between the single, pulse width modulating valve and the plurality of cascaded relay valves to provide both modulated pressure (P 3 ) and main line pressure (P 1 ) to the various torque transfer devices of the transmission. The computer controls the solenoid valves (A through E) to determine which of the torque transmitting devices shall receive line pressure (P 1 ) and which shall receive modulated pressure (P 3 ). In this regard it is noted that the on-going torque transfer device is always actuated by modulated pressure (P 3 ). Moreover, the control system is adapted for operation with vehicular transmissions that provide one more forward drive ratio than the number of torque transfer devices in the transmission.

A high‐temperature pulsed solenoid valve for supersonic jet introduction up to 550 °C

Abstract: A pulsed solenoid valve which can operate up to 550 °C has been designed for supersonic jet introduction. This valve uses a novel design where the nozzle head, which serves as the hot oven, and the solenoid operator are separated and the latter is maintained at a relatively low temperature using water cooling. A long steel plunger forms a metal‐to‐metal seal at the orifice which is broken when the magnetic field generated by the solenoid pulls back the plunger. Thus, although the oven operates at the high temperatures required for nonvolatile materials, the solenoid operator and electrical parts remain relatively cool.

Magnetic latching solenoid

Abstract: A latching solenoid which effects latching through a magnetic flux arrangement rather than a electromechanical latching mechanism. An electro-magnetic arrangement is used to move the solenoid from one latched position to the other.

Hydraulic control apparatus

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus has a transistor which is changed over by a control signal inputted to an input terminal thereof; and a solenoid controlled valve having a spool actuated by a DC solenoid to be driven by exciting current whose pulse duration has been controlled by the transistor. The hydraulic control apparatus is characterized by having an adder for adding a command signal and an AC signal having a dither frequency; an oscillator for generating a signal having a constant frequency higher than the maximum frequency of the command signal; a subtractor for subtracting a signal representing pulse duration of the exciting current and inputted through a low-pass filter from a signal outputted from the adder; and a comparator for comparing a signal outputted from the subtractor with a signal outputted from the oscillator, outputting a pulse width-modulated control signal to the input terminal of the transistor so as to control the ON and OFF of the transistor, so that the solenoid controlled valve can be controlled with a fast response and high gain and a small amount of phase delay.