Showing papers on "Solenoid published in 2002"

System and method for a mass flow controller

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a mass flow controller to have a constant control loop gain under a variety of different types of fluids and operating conditions, and for configuring the mass flow controller for operation with a fluid and/or operating conditions different from that used during a production of the mass flow controller. Further, the system and method includes providing control by reducing the effects of hysteresis in solenoid actuated devices by providing a non-operational signal to the solenoid actuated device.

Shift actuator for a transmission

Abstract: A shift actuator (5) for a transmission, which actuates, in a direction of shift, a shift lever (34) for operating a synchronizing device of the transmission, the shift actuator (5) comprising a first electromagnetic solenoid (6) and a second electromagnetic solenoid (7) for actuating an operation member (50) coupled to the shift lever (34) in the directions opposite to each other Each of the first electromagnetic solenoid (6) and the second electromagnetic solenoid (7) comprises a casing (61, 71), a fixed iron core (62, 72) disposed in the casing (61, 71), a moving iron core (64, 74) arranged to be allowed to approach and separate away from the fixed iron core (62, 72), an operation rod (63, 73) mounted on the moving iron core (64, 74) to engage with the operation member (50), and an electromagnetic coil (66, 76) arranged between the casing (61, 71) and the fixed iron core (62, 72) as well as the moving iron core (64, 74)

Vehicle actuated road imbedded magneto generator

Abstract: An electrical generating system includes a plurality of linear operating magnetos impeded within a roadway pavement, whereby the passage of vehicle wheels from moving motor vehicles directly depresses linear solenoid plungers for generating electricity, without the need for the extra energy consumption drawbacks, such as bellows, compressed air or ratchet mechanisms.

Homogeneous weak solenoids

Abstract: A (generalized) weak solenoid is an inverse limit space over manifolds with bonding maps that are covering maps. If the covering maps are regular, then we call the inverse limit space a strong solenoid. By a theorem of M.C. McCord, strong solenoids are homogeneous. We show conversely that homogeneous weak solenoids are topologically equivalent to strong solenoids. We also give an example of a weak solenoid that has simply connected path-components, but which is not homogeneous.

The static and dynamic characteristics of a pressure relief valve with a proportional solenoid-controlled pilot stage

Abstract: The steady state and dynamic characteristics of a two-stage pressure relief valve with proportional solenoid control of the pilot stage is studied theoretically as well as experimentally. The mathematical model is studied within the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment and the non-linearities have been considered via the use of appropriate SIMULINK blocks. The detailed modelling has resulted in a good comparison between simulation and measurement, albeit assumptions had to be made regarding the solenoid dynamic characteristic based upon practical experience. The use of this characteristic combined with additional dynamic terms not previously considered allows new estimations of internal characteristics to be made such as the damping flowrate. The overall dynamic behaviour has been shown to be dominated by the solenoid characteristic relating force to applied voltage.

Child safety barriers

Abstract: A child safety gate includes a flexible barrier that is retractable into a housing and extendable across a passageway to inhibit passage by a child. An electrically operable extension lock solenoid inhibits barrier extension until activated by a parent. The gate includes a motion sensor, a night light, a child monitor and an interactive audio-visual display.

Coffee brewer with independent control of dispense period and batch quantity and method

Abstract: A coffee brewer ( 10, 10 ′ and 10 ′) is provided with a plurality of solenoid controlled, bi-position dispense valves ( 40, 40 ′), a size adjustable valve ( 60 ) or a combination of both and a programmable controller ( 18 ) for controlling the dispense valves in accordance with preselected brew parameters of batch quantity and dispense time duration (FIG. 8 ).

Connectionless food steamer with automatic electric steam trap

Abstract: A connectionless steam cooker has an insulated housing that surrounds an internal cooking compartment accessible through a door. A supply of water is held in the compartment and immerses a plate-like heating element mounted at the floor, preferably of the electrical resistance type. A steam outlet located above the maximum water level is in fluid communication with and adjacent an electrically-operated solenoid valve that is normally open to atmosphere. A temperature sensor in close physical proximity to the steam outlet and the solenoid valve closes the solenoid wherein the sensed steam temperature is at or above a set level. The outlet steam is also connected to a pair of water column pressure-responsive microswitches. One microswitch controls power to the heating element. It is set closely, e.g. to cycle between ON and OFF in response to a sensed pressure range of 1 and 3 inches of water W. C.) The second microswitch responds to a higher set pressure (e.g. 9 inches W. C.) indicative of an unsafe over-pressure to open the solenoid valve to vent the steam to atmosphere. The heating element is mounted with a tilt with respect to the horizontal water level. Two heat-sensing elements are secured on upper and lower portions of the tilted heater plate, preferably diagonally opposite comers. The temperature sensors are each set to produce an output alarm signal when the adjacent region of the heating element is not immersed in water.

A thin superconducting solenoid magnet for particle astrophysics

Abstract: An extremely thin superconducting solenoid magnet is being developed to investigate cosmic-ray antiparticles in the Universe. The uniform solenoidal field is provided in a particle detector system to analyze the particle momentum. The solenoid coil is wound with advanced aluminum stabilized superconductor recently developed by using micro-alloying with Ni, followed by cold-work mechanical hardening. It is designed with a central magnetic field of 1.2 T in a volume of 0.9 m in diameter and 1.4 m in length. The radiation thickness of the coil is to be 0.056 X/sub 0/ with a physical coil thickness of 3.4 mm. This paper describes the conceptual design and progress of basic development work.

Experimental tests on position control of a pneumatic actuator using on/off solenoid valves

Abstract: A position-controlled pneumatic actuator using pulsewidth modulation (PWM) valve pulsing algorithms is described. The system consists of a standard double-acting cylinder controlled with two three-way solenoid valves through a 12-bit A/D PC board. The mechatronic system has the advantage of using on/off solenoid valves in place of more expensive servo valves and it may be applied to a variety of practical positioning applications. A proportional-integral (PI) controller with position feedforward has been successfully implemented. Several experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the robustness of the control system and performances of the novel PWM algorithm implemented. The actuator's overall performance is comparable to that achieved by other researchers using servo valves.

Electronically-controlled late cycle air injection to achieve simultaneous reduction of NOx and particulates emissions from a diesel engine

Abstract: An electronically-controlled air injection system implemented in three different embodiments with respect to each cylinder. A first embodiment includes a T-adapter, an air solenoid, a fuel injector, and a control unit. The T-adapter receives pressurized fuel and pressurized air from an air solenoid, and outputs these to the fuel injector. The air solenoid controls the flow of air to the fuel injector via the control unit. The second embodiment includes a modified fuel injector, an air solenoid, and a control unit. The fuel injector is modified by forming therein an air passage and a communicating sac, wherein the sac communicates with the fuel valve. Compressed air is supplied through an air solenoid to the air passage. The third embodiment includes a modified cylinder head, an air solenoid, and a control unit. Compressed air is supplied through an air solenoid to at least one combustion chamber cylinder port in the cylinder head.

High-Power Subnanosecond 38-GHz Microwave Pulses Generated at a Repetition Rate of up to 3.5 kHz

Abstract: An original relativistic backward tube (BWT) for a 38 GHz range is developed and tested. The BWT is capable of generating stable pulses of ∼250 ps duration and a peak power of ∼250 MW in trains with a length of up to 1 s at a repetition rate of 1–3.5 kHz. The BWT design implements an inhomogeneous slow-wave structure of increased cross section with a band reflector. A pulsed electron beam (∼270 keV, ∼2 kA, 0.9 ns) was injected by a high-current accelerator based on a high-voltage generator with an inductive energy store, a semiconductor current interrupter, and a pulse-shaping hydrogen-filled discharge gap. A focusing magnetic field of 2 T was generated by a cooled pulsed solenoid power-supplied from a special stabilized current source.

Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of a common rail-type diesel injector

Abstract: A production common rail-type injector has been investigated via numerical simulation and experimentation. The functioning principle of the injector has been carefully analyzed so as to obtain a mathematical model of the device. A zero-dimensional approach has been used for modeling the injector, thus considering the variables as function of time only. The analysis of the hydraulic part of the injector resulted in the definition of an equivalent hydraulic scheme, on which basis both the equations of continuity in chambers and flow through nozzles were written. The connecting pipe between common rail and injector, as well as the injector internal line, were modeled according to a one-dimensional approach. The moving mechanical components of the injector, such as needle, pressure rod, and control valve have been modeled using the mass-spring-damper scheme, thus obtaining the equation governing their motion. An electromagnetic model of the control valve solenoid has also been realized, in order to work out the attraction force on the anchor, generated by the electric current when flowing into its coil. The model obtained has been implemented using the MATLAB® toolbox SIMULINK®; the ordinary differential equations were solved by means of an implicit scheme of the second-order accuracy, suitable for problems with high level of stiffness, while the partial differential equations were integrated using the finite-difference Lax-Friedrichs method. The experimental investigation on the common-rail injection system was performed on a test bench at some standard test conditions. Electric current flowing through the injector coil, oil pressure in the common rail and at the injector inlet, injection rate, needle lift, and control valve lift were gauged and recorded during several injection phases. The mean reflux-flow rate and the mean quantity of fuel injected per stroke were also measured. Temperature and pressure of the feeding oil as well as pressure in the rail were continuously controlled during the experimental test. The numerical and experimental results were compared. Afterwards, the model was used to investigate the effect of control volume feeding and discharge holes and of their inlet fillet, as well as the effect of the control volume capacity, on the injector performance.

Current signature sensor

Abstract: A solenoid health monitoring system uses a signal conditioner and controller assembly in one embodiment that includes analog circuitry and a DSP controller. The analog circuitry provides signal conditioning to the low-level raw signal coming from a signal acquisition assembly. Software running in a DSP analyzes the incoming data (recorded current signature) and determines the state of the solenoid whether it is energized, de-energized, or in a transitioning state. In one embodiment, the software identifies key features in the current signature during the transition phase and is able to determine the “health” of the solenoid.

Control valve for variable-capacity compressor

Abstract: The sensitivity of a pressure-sensitive element in a pressure-sensitive part of a control valve for variable-capacity compressor is made adjustable by means of an adjusting screw provided so as to permit an adjustment of forward and backward movement with respect to a frame supporting the pressure-sensitive part. The adjusting screw is rotated by engaging an engagement part, which is annexed to a coil assembly constituting a solenoid excitation part, against the adjusting screw thereby to operate the coil assembly.

Efficiency of a Boris-like integration scheme with spatial stepping

Abstract: A modified Boris-like integration, in which the spatial coordinate is the independent variable, is derived. This spatial-Boris integration method is useful for beam simulations, in which the independent variable is often the distance along the beam. The new integration method is second order accurate, requires only one force calculation per particle per step, and preserves conserved quantities more accurately over long distances than a Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Results from the spatial-Boris integration method and a Runge-Kutta scheme are compared for two simulations: (i) a particle in a uniform solenoid field and (ii) a particle in a sinusoidally varying solenoid field. In the uniform solenoid case, the spatial-Boris scheme is shown to perfectly conserve for any step size quantities such as the gyroradius and the perpendicular momentum. The Runge-Kutta integrator produces damping in these conserved quantities. In the sinusoidally varying case, the conserved quantity of canonical angular momentum is used to measure the accuracy of the two schemes. For the sinusoidally varying field simulations, error analysis is used to determine the integration distance beyond which the spatial-Boris integration method is more efficient than a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. For beam physics applications where statistical quantities such as beam emittance are important, these results imply the spatial-Boris scheme is 3 times more efficient.

RF coil system for an MR apparatus

Abstract: The invention relates to an RF coil system for an open MR apparatus The system includes a plurality of resonator elements which are arranged at the area of a patient ( 102 ) positioned in the examination volume of an MR apparatus The resonator elements are constructed at least partly as solenoid elements ( 104 ) whose conductor elements form open turns which are arranged around the patient ( 102 ) It is thus achieved that the RF field generated in the transmission mode and the sensitivity profile in the detection mode are limited as strictly as possible to the examination volume of interest At the same time RF field strengths that are adequate for medical imaging can be generated without exposing the patient to an unacceptable load

Hydraulic pressure controller for automatic transmission

Abstract: This invention provides a hydraulic controller of an automatic transmission which releases the lockup clutch when it fails. An output port of a solenoid valve is connected to a port of a lockup control valve and a port of a garage shift valve. An output port of a solenoid valve is connected to a port of the lockup control valve and a port of the garage shift valve. At least one of the solenoid valves is freely duty-controlled. A pattern, which enables regular control of the automatic transmission in normal operation and does not allow the lockup clutch to change from its released state to its engaged state, is selected for use from among plural combinations of signal pressures of the solenoid valves.

Fuel supply control for a gas turbine including multiple solenoid valves

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for a gas turbine includes a plurality of solenoid valves. The solenoid valves are energized in a timing sequence with a phase relationship designed to achieve a desired fuel flow. In one example, one solenoid valve is associated with a primary portion of a fuel manifold while at least two other solenoids are associated with a secondary portion of the manifold. A controller that energizes the solenoids to achieve the desired fuel flow can receive feedback information regarding turbine performance to make adjustments to the solenoid operation to bring the turbine performance closer to a desired level.

Fabrication and mechanical performance of the ATLAS central solenoid

Abstract: Fabrication of the central solenoid for ATLAS detector in the CERN-LHC project was completed, and the performance test has been successfully carried out in Japan. The solenoid has arrived at CERN to be assembled with the LAr calorimeter. This paper describes the fabrication and mechanical, performance of the ATLAS central solenoid.

Controller for internal combustion engine having fuel injection system

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a controller for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection system, which can realize an optimum injection even with a smaller inductance of a solenoid due to a smaller fuel injection valve (injector) and has a good property of minimum amount of fuel injection. A controller for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection system with a solenoid comprising: a means for detecting an operating condition of the internal combustion engine; a means for calculating a fuel injection pulse width according to the above described detected operation condition; and a solenoid control means, wherein the above described solenoid control means includes, a means for supplying the above described solenoid a valve-opening current up to a large predetermined current value according to the above described calculated fuel injection pulse width; a means for supplying the solenoid a holding current for holding a valve opening state, after the above described valve-opening current has reached the predetermined current value; and a current waveform control means for forming a plurality of different current waveforms to be supplied to the above described solenoid and switching between the different current waveforms according to the above described detected operating condition.

Coil, wire, and method and apparatus for manufacturing the wire

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a coil and a wire capable of increasing an occupancy when they are used as a stator and a rotor, for example. SOLUTION: This coil is the one formed by winding one winding 1a and having a solenoid layer in a multilayer. At least a part of cross section of a multilayer portion formed by the solenoid layer in the multilayer is substantially of a trapezoid shape, and a cross-section shape of the respective windings in the cross section of the multilayer portion is substantially a square which has straight parts on upper/lower and right /left sides. In the solenoid layer, the transverse width of the one positioned nearer to an upper bottom side of the trapezoid becomes narrower than the width of the one positioned nearer to a lower bottom side of the trapezoid, and the height becomes larger in the same way. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Pressure drop analysis in the CS insert coil

Abstract: The Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) and the CS Insert Coil (CSIC) were tested during the spring and summer of 2000 at JAERI Naka, Japan, within the framework of the ITER large projects. The CSIC is a single-layer one-in-hand solenoid inserted in the bore of the CSMC. It uses a Nb 3 Sn dual-channel cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC), about 140 m long, cooled by forced flow supercritical HeI nominally at 4.5 K and 0.6 MPa. The friction of the helium flow in the conductor plays a fundamental role in assessing the total mass-flow rate and its repartition between the central cooling channel and the annular bundle region. In turn, these may significantly influence, e.g., quench and/or heat slug propagation in the coil. In the CSIC these issues are complicated further by the fact that different friction characteristics were observed in different phases (e.g., with or without current) of the experimental campaign. Here we present and discuss a selection of the CSIC experimental data of pressure drop vs. mass-flow rate, which were measured for the first time on a full-size ITER conductor in cryogenic conditions during the CSMC and CSIC tests, and compare with predictions based on existing correlations for the friction factor f H in the central channel and f B in the cable bundle, as a function of the respective Reynolds number Re H and Re B . Finally, we derive an ad-hoc correlation for f B , to be used in case of operation of the CSIC with transport current, under the assumption that the central channel stays unchanged.

Integrated solenoid system

Abstract: An integrated solenoid system including a single housing containing a solenoid, a controller and one or more electrical connections. The controller includes temperature compensating means and/or voltage compensating means thereby providing predetermined, substantially constant currents to said solenoid. The housing includes an integral two-part end cover.

Braking force holding device for vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To hold braking force for preventing the movement of a vehicle in stopping the vehicle and solve problems with abnormal noises to be generated when reducing the held braking force in starting the vehicle. SOLUTION: Solenoid valves 80, 90 are provided in brake hydraulic passages 74, 75 joining a master cylinder to wheel cylinders, namely, a plurality of calipers 76, 76. The solenoid valves 80, 90 are put into closed conditions at stopping the vehicle 1 to hold the braking force in the brake hydraulic pressure passages 74, 75 on the sides of the wheel cylinders for preventing the movement of the vehicle 1. On the other hand, when the solenoid valves 80, 90 are put into opened conditions at starting the vehicle 1 to reduce the held braking force, controlled variables for the solenoid valves 80, 90 are preset at values allowable for suppressing the movement of the vehicle 1 with creeping force at starting the stop of the vehicle 1 so that braking pressure reduced with the braking pressure releasing operation of a driver is not braking pressure or lower allowable for suppressing the movement of the vehicle 1 with the creeping force. Thus, unpleasant abnormal noises are suppressed or avoided, which are possibly generated in the vehicle constructed to be kept from movement even during unexpectedly slacking braking operation of the driver when reducing the braking force being held at the time of starting the vehicle. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Electronic automobile anti-theft apparatus

Abstract: An electronic automobile anti-theft apparatus having high reliability includes a motor, which moves a lock pin to lock a steering shaft of an automobile A solenoid maintains the lock pin in a state released from the steering shaft and operates to permit the lock pin to lock the steering shaft by receiving power An ECU controls the operations of the motor and the solenoid A mechanical switch stops supplying the solenoid with power to prevent unintentional locking by the lock pin when the automobile is being driven or when driving of the automobile is enabled

Effects of Secondary Flow on the Electromagnetic Separation of Inclusions from Aluminum Melt in a Square Channel by a Solenoid

Abstract: Effects of secondary flow of the melt on the separation of inclusions from molten aluminum flowing in a square channel by a solenoid were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Numerical methods were used to calculate the secondary flow, the separation efficiency of inclusions, and the particle motion. It is found that there appear two recirculating loop flows in a quarter cross section of the channel and the separation efficiency of inclusions is significantly improved by the secondary flow mainly owing to the mixing effect. The separation efficiency increases with the increase of the effective magnetic flux density and the frequency of magnetic field, and decreases significantly with the increase of the size of the separator channel for a constant value of a/δ. However, it is possible to achieve high separation efficiency by using large-sized square channels and high frequency magnetic field with the help of the mixing effect of secondary flow. The computed results of particle trajectories show that the secondary flow accelerates the transportation of the particles from the inner region to the vicinity of the wall and greatly shortens the separation time of those particles. The effects of secondary flow on the separation efficiency were confirmed by comparing the measured separation efficiency with the computed results.

Control apparatus of variable displacement pump for power steering apparatus

Abstract: First and second fluid pressure chambers are formed in both sides of a movement direction of a cam ring swingably placed within a pump body. A spool of a control valve is moved due to a pressure difference between the front and back of a metering orifice. Fluid pressures of the fluid pressure chambers are controlled. The cam ring is swung. Further, a solenoid for giving thrust in an axial direction thereof to the spool of the control valve and electronic control device for controlling driving of the solenoid are provided. The electronic control device has a steering sensor and determines a steering direction based on a signal from the steering sensor and also calculates a steering speed to the steering direction and controls a driving current of the solenoid in response to this steering speed and changes a discharge flow rate of a pump.

Inductively driven transients in the CS Insert Coil (II) : Quench tests and analysis

Abstract: The CS Insert Coil (CSIC), a well-instrumented 140 m long Nb3Sn solenoid wound one-in-hand and installed in the bore of the CS Model Coil, was tested during the summer of 2000 at JAERI Naka, Japan, within the framework of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor large projects [1]. The maximum transport current in the CSIC was 40 kA and the peak background field was 13 T. The coils were cooled by forced flow HeI nominally at 4.5 K and 0.6 MPa. An inductive heater was used to test stability and quench of the CSIC. In this second of two companion papers we concentrate on the analysis of quench initiation and propagation, based on the study of heater calibration and conductor stability presented in the first paper [2]. The initiation and propagation of an inductively driven quench was tested here for the first time in a two-channel Nb3Sn conductor, for different transport currents, delay times of the dump, and temperature margins, and a selection of the corresponding results will be presented and...