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Showing papers on "Solenoid published in 2007"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work describes specially designed, large volume, low-E 15N-1H solid-state NMR probes developed for 600 and 900 MHz PISEMA studies of dilute membrane proteins oriented in hydrated and dielectrically lossy lipid bilayers using an orthogonal coil design.

189 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a sliding-mode approach is used for an inexpensive pneumatic motion control system using four solenoid on/off valves and a position feedback sensor, which has an energy saving mode that saves electrical power, reduces chattering and prolongs the valve's life.
Abstract: A control law is developed for an inexpensive pneumatic motion control system using four solenoid on/off valves and a position feedback sensor. A sliding-mode approach is used, which is well known for its tolerance for system uncertainties. In contrast to previous control laws, our approach does not use pulsewidth modulation. The control law has an energy-saving mode that saves electrical power, reduces chattering, and prolongs the valve's life. Our simulation and experimental results show that the proposed tracking control law performs very well with good tracking and relatively low steady-state position errors

174 citations


Patent
01 Jun 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic field source beacon is installed in a reference well in combination with a downhole measurement while drilling (MWD) electronic survey instrument near the drill bit in the borehole being drilled permit distance and direction measurements for drilling guidance.
Abstract: Electrically powered electromagnetic field source beacons installed in a reference well in combination with a down-hole measurement while drilling (MWD) electronic survey instrument near the drill bit in the borehole being drilled permit distance and direction measurements for drilling guidance. Each magnetic field source beacon consists of a coil of wire wound on a steel coupling between two lengths of steel tubing in the reference well, and powered by an electronic package. Control circuitry in the electronic package continuously "listens" for, and recognizes, a "start" signal that is initiated by the driller. After a "start" signal has been received, the beacon is energized for a short time interval during which an electromagnetic field is generated, which is measured by the MWD apparatus. The generated magnetic field may be an AC field, or switching circuitry can periodically reverse the direction of a generated DC electromagnetic field, and the measured vector components of the electromagnetic field are used to determine the relative location coordinates of the drilling bit and the beacon using well-known mathematical methods. The magnetic field source and powering electronic packages may be integral parts of the reference well casing or may be part of a temporary work string installed therein. Generally, numerous beacons will be installed along the length of the reference well, particularly in the important oil field application of drilling steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) well pairs.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of a compact DEMO reactor named "SlimCS" is presented, which uses a reduced-size center solenoid (CS) which has the function of plasma shaping rather than poloidal flux supply.
Abstract: The concept for a compact DEMO reactor named 'SlimCS' is presented. Distinctive features of the concept are low aspect ratio (A = 2.6) and use of a reduced-size centre solenoid (CS) which has the function of plasma shaping rather than poloidal flux supply. The reduced-size CS enables us to introduce a thin toroidal field coil system which contributes to reducing the weight and perhaps lessening the construction cost. Low-A has merits of vertical stability for high elongation (κ) and high normalized beta (βN), which leads to a high power density with reasonable physics requirements. This is because high κ facilitates high nGW (because of an increase in Ip), which allows efficient use of the capacity of high βN. From an engineering aspect, low-A may ensure ease in designing blanket modules robust to electromagnetic forces acting on disruptions. Thus, a superconducting low-A tokamak reactor such as SlimCS can be a promising DEMO concept with physics and engineering advantages.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: NMR-microprobes based on solenoids and Helmholtz coils have been microfabricated and NMR-spectra of mammalian cells have successfully been taken.
Abstract: NMR-microprobes based on solenoids and Helmholtz coils have been microfabricated and NMR-spectra of mammalian cells have successfully been taken. The microfabrication technology developed for these probes consists of three electroplated copper levels for low resistance coils and three SU-8 layers for the integration of microchannels. This technology allows fabricating solenoids, Helmholtz and planar coils on the same wafer. The coils have inner diameters in the range of 160 to 400 microm and detection volumes of 5 to 22 nL. The solenoid and Helmholtz coils show improved RF-field characteristics compared to a planar coil fabricated with the same process. The fabricated solenoid has a particularly low resistance of only 0.46 Omega at 300 MHz. Moreover, it is very sensitive and has a very uniform RF-field, but shows large line width. The Helmholtz coils are slightly less sensitive, but display a far narrower line width, and are therefore a good compromise. With a Helmholtz coil, a SNR of 620 has been measured after one scan on 9 nL pure water. An NMR-microprobe based on a Helmholtz coil has also been used to take spectra of CHO cells that have been concentrated in the sensitive region of the coil with a mechanical filter integrated into the channel.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented micromachined solenoid inductors that are fabricated in a standard CMOS silicon substrate (with a resistivity of 1-8 Omega cm) and concavely embedded in a silicon cavity with the silicon wafer surface remaining a plane.
Abstract: This paper presents micromachined solenoid inductors that are fabricated in a standard CMOS silicon substrate (with a resistivity of 1-8 Omega cm) The solenoid is concavely embedded in a silicon cavity with the silicon wafer surface remaining a plane, and mechanically suspended to form an air gap from the bottom of the silicon cavity In addition to facilitating flip-chip packaging, this so-called "concave-suspending" technique effectively depresses the substrate effects including eddy current and capacitive coupling between the coil and the substrate, therefore contributing to both high Q -factor and high resonant frequency of the inductors for high-performance radio-frequency (RF)/microwave integrated circuit applications Various inductors with different solenoid layouts, eg, several shapes of curved solenoids, have been successfully fabricated by using a post-CMOS microelectromechanical systems process that employs copper electroplating, tetra-methyl-ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) + iso- propanol etching and compensation control for convex-corner undercutting, photoresist spray coating, XeF2 gaseous etching, and other steps A lumped circuit model that accounts for inter- turn fringing capacitance, capacitance between the coil and the substrate, substrate ohmic loss and substrate capacitance, etc, is derived for the solenoid inductors The accuracy of the model is confirmed by the testing results and can be used for optimal design of the inductors By S-parameter testing, various types of inductors with different solenoid layouts have been evaluated The solenoid inductors generally exhibit improved RF performance in Q-factor and self-resonance frequency compared to their conventional counterparts

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This brief considers the control of solenoid valve actuators used for gas exchange in internal combustion engines and proposes a flatness-based design that incorporates voltage constraints, nonlinear magnetic effects, and various motion planning requirements.
Abstract: This brief considers the control of solenoid valve actuators used for gas exchange in internal combustion engines Although solenoid valves offer performance benefits over traditional camshaft-based valve systems, maintaining low impact velocity is a critical performance requirement Flatness provides a convenient framework for meeting a number of performance specifications on the valve's end motion The proposed control design incorporates voltage constraints, nonlinear magnetic effects, and various motion planning requirements A flat output acts as a design parameter and is parameterized with a spline basis A nonlinear feasibility problem is solved to obtain optimal spline coefficients such that performance requirements are met The resulting flat output provides an open-loop control which is augmented with feedback so that a linear stable tracking error system results The proposed control scheme is demonstrated in simulation and on an experimental testbed The performance of a proportional-integral controller is compared experimentally to the flatness-based method

58 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a 12-meter-long solenoid with 55 corrugation cells with mirror ratio B max /B min = 4.8/3.2 T was used for fast ion heating, issues of plasma stability and confinement were discussed.
Abstract: Recent results of the experiments at GOL-3 facility are presented. In present configuration of the device, plasma with a density of 10 14 ÷10 16 cm -3 is confined in a 12-meter-long solenoid, which comprises 55 corrugation cells with mirror ratio B max /B min =4.8/3.2 T. The plasma in the solenoid is heated up to 2-4 keV temperature by a high power relativistic electron beam (∼1 MeV, ∼30 kA, ∼8 μs, ∼120 kJ) injected through one of the ends. Mechanism of experimentally observed fast ion heating, issues of plasma stability and confinement are discussed.

54 citations


Patent
Toshiyasu Fujiwara1, Kyung-Ku Choi1
16 Mar 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a thin film device, which can maintain desirable performance characteristics by reducing parasitic capacitance and increasing the Q factor even when a thin-film coil of a solenoid type is equipped, is provided.
Abstract: A thin film device, which can maintain desirable performance characteristics by reducing parasitic capacitance and increasing the Q factor even when a thin film coil of a solenoid type is equipped, is provided. The thin film coil of a solenoid type has a cross sectional width which varies with position along a film thickness direction.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of wind-and-react Bi-2212 solenoid coils has been evaluated in background fields up to 19 T, showing good prospects for high-field magnet application of this conductor.
Abstract: Bi-2212/Ag round wire is a promising and practical material for extending high field superconducting magnets beyond the limits of Nb3Sn. Efforts to develop superconducting magnets in the 25 to 30 T range include fabrication and test of practical size insert coils using this wire. Recent studies have focused on improvements in wire performance, wire insulation, and coil fabrication for wind-and-react coils. Continued improvements in the engineering critical current density (JE) and the critical current density (Jc) performance have been achieved by optimizing the starting precursor composition, and the heat treatments. The highest Je of 1580 A/mm2 at 4.2 K, 0 T and 420 A/mm2 at 4.2 K, 31 T were obtained in 0.81 mm wire. In particular, significant progress on braided insulation has been made for enabling a robust procedure for wind-and-react Bi-2212 solenoid coils. Performance of three of these coils has been measured in background fields up to 19 T, showing good prospects for high field magnet application of this conductor.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated radio-frequency solenoids with micro-patterned magnetic cores for reduced dimensions and compatibility with CMOS/BiCMOS process technology is presented and discussed.
Abstract: Integrated radio-frequency solenoids with micro-patterned magnetic cores for reduced dimensions and compatibility with CMOS/BiCMOS process technology are presented and discussed. It is demonstrated that the use of a ferromagnetic (FM) core leads to a more than 20-fold enhanced inductance per area. This is achieved by tailoring the anisotropy of the FM core and the design of the metal coil structure. Both a higher operating frequency and a larger inductance are obtained by increasing the shape aspect ratio of the FM core and by depositing the magnetic film under an external magnetic field. A reference to an optimum shape anisotropy has been created by measuring the FM core inductors with an external DC magnetic field. An optimum practical trade-off of inductance and operating frequency results from patterning of the FM core.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that by superposing two solenoid like thin windings that are oppositely skewed with respect to the bore axis, the combined current density on the surface is cos-theta like and the resulting magnetic held in the bore is a pure dipole.
Abstract: It can be shown that, by superposing two solenoid like thin windings that are oppositely skewed (tilted) with respect to the bore axis, the combined current density on the surface is "cos-theta" like and the resulting magnetic held in the bore is a pure dipole. As a proof of principle, such a magnet was designed, built and tested as part of a summer undergraduate intern project. The measured field in the 25 mm bore, 4 single strand layers using NbTi superconductor, exceeded 1 T. The simplicity of this high field quality design, void of typical wedges end-spacers and coil assembly, is especially suitable for insert-coils using High Temperature Superconducting wire as well as for low cost superconducting accelerator magnets for High Energy Physics. Details of the design, construction and test are reported.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 Jun 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a control method based on pulsewidth-modulation algorithm for position control of a pneumatic actuator with high-speed solenoid valve is considered and experimentally verified.
Abstract: Pneumatic driving systems are mainly used in industrial applications where the moving parts are usually fixed by the mechanical stops. For flexible and precise positioning tasks of pneumatic drives relatively expensive proportional valves have been implemented. In order to develop cheaper pneumatic servo systems, the employment of low-cost on/off solenoid valves have received considerable attention. But, the traditional technologies used in on/off solenoid valves manifest different problems caused by the electric and thermal effects, inertial forces of their mechanical parts and friction phenomenon. However, it seems that innovative technology used in fast switching solenoid valves gives better possibilities in control of pneumatic systems due to their negligible internal friction and modular architecture. In this paper a control method based on pulse-width-modulation algorithm for position control of a pneumatic actuator with high-speed solenoid valve is considered and experimentally verified.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a method that can be used for the resistance estimation of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-driven solenoid was proposed for EHB (Electro-Hydraulic Braking) systems, which are essential features of the regenerative braking system of many electric vehicles.
Abstract: This paper proposes a method that can be used for the resistance estimation of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-driven solenoid. By using estimated solenoid resistance, the PWM duty ratio was compensated to be proportional to the solenoid current. The proposed method was developed for use with EHB (Electro-Hydraulic Braking) systems, which are essential features of the regenerative braking system of many electric vehicles. Because the HU (Hydraulic Unit) of most EHB systems performs not only ABS/TCS/ESP (Electronic Stability Program) functions but also service braking function, the possible duration of continuous solenoid driving is so long that the generated heat can drastically change the level of solenoid resistance. The current model of the PWM-driven solenoid is further developed in this paper; from this a new resistance equation is derived. This resistance equation is solved by using an iterative method known as the FPT (fixed point theorem). Furthermore, by taking the average of the resistance estimates, it was possible to successfully eliminate the effect of measurement noise factors. Simulation results showed that the proposed method contained a sufficient pass-band in the frequency response. Experimental results also showed that adaptive solenoid driving which incorporates resistance estimations is able to maintain a linear relationship between the PWM duty ratio and the solenoid current in spite of a wide variety of ambient temperatures and continuous driving.

Patent
29 Nov 2007
TL;DR: A dose selective breath actuated inhaler including a meterless canister storing a pressurized medicament, and a vacuum actuated release, where application of a vacuum to the inhaler initiates a release of the medicament in the canister as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A dose selective breath actuated inhaler including a meterless canister storing a pressurized medicament, and a vacuum actuated release, where application of a vacuum to the inhaler initiates a release of the medicament in the canister. The inhaler includes a mechanism for dialing a proper dose of pressurized medicament, a computer for generating a plurality of signals including a solenoid trigger signal, and a solenoid which upon receipt of a solenoid trigger signal actuates a solenoid arm to end the release of the medicament from the canister.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a neutralized drift compression experiment is proposed to study warm dense matter (WDM) using short-duration (∼ 1 ns) ion beams that enter the targets at energies just above that at which dE/dx is maximal.
Abstract: This paper presents plans for neutralized drift compression experiments, precursors to future target heating experiments. The target-physics objective is to study warm dense matter (WDM) using short-duration (∼1 ns) ion beams that enter the targets at energies just above that at which dE/dx is maximal. High intensity on target is to be achieved by a combination of longitudinal compression and transverse focusing. This work will build upon recent success in longitudinal compression, where the ion beam was compressed lengthwise by a factor of more than 50 by first applying a linear head-to-tail velocity tilt to the beam, and then allowing the beam to drift through a dense, neutralizing background plasma. Studies on a novel pulse line ion accelerator were also carried out. It is planned to demonstrate simultaneous transverse focusing and longitudinal compression in a series of future experiments, thereby achieving conditions suitable for future WDM target experiments. Future experiments may use solenoids for transverse focusing of un-neutralized ion beams during acceleration. Recent results are reported in the transport of a high-perveance heavy ion beam in a solenoid transport channel. The principal objectives of this solenoid transport experiment are to match and transport a space-charge-dominated ion beam, and to study associated electron-cloud and gas effects that may limit the beam quality in a solenoid transport system. Ideally, the beam will establish a Brillouin-flow condition (rotation at one-half the cyclotron frequency). Other mechanisms that potentially degrade beam quality are being studied, such as focusing-field aberrations, beam halo, and separation of lattice focusing elements.

Patent
20 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a hydraulic control device is provided with: a hydraulic source, a hydraulic device that is operated by an oil pressure supplied from the hydraulic source; a control valve that is serially arranged between hydraulic source and the hydraulic device; and a control means that drivingly controls the control valve.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydraulic control device that surely detects a solenoid abnormality while reducing the number of liquid-pressure sensors SOLUTION: The hydraulic control device is provided with: a hydraulic source; a hydraulic device that is operated by an oil pressure supplied from the hydraulic source; a control valve that is serially arranged between the hydraulic source and the hydraulic device; and a control means that drivingly controls the control valve The control valve is composed of an upstream-side control valve that is connected to the hydraulic source and a downstream-side control valve that is connected to the hydraulic device The liquid-pressure sensor is provided on the hydraulic device side of the downstream-side control valve The control means is composed so that a command pressure against the upstream-side control valve is set lower than that of against the downstream-side control valve in order to detect an abnormality of the upstream-side control valve by the liquid-pressure sensor COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Patent
20 Sep 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a specific condition for enhancing the power generation efficiency of an oscillation type electromagnetic power generator is disclosed, in which solenoid coils constituting the oscillation types electromagnetic power generators are wound in directions opposite to each other with a predetermined coil gap there between adjacent magnets of a movable magnet.
Abstract: A specific condition for enhancing the power generation efficiency of an oscillation type electromagnetic power generator is disclosed Solenoid coils constituting the oscillation type electromagnetic power generator are wound in directions opposite to each other with a predetermined coil gap therebetween Adjacent magnets of a movable magnet are connected to each other via a spacer having a predetermined thickness in such a manner that poles with the same polarity are opposed to each other A coil pitch which is the total dimension of the coil length of one solenoid coil and the coil gap and a magnet pitch which is the total dimension of the magnet length of one magnet of the movable magnet and the thickness of the spacer are almost equal to each other, and the coil length is shorter than the magnet length

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of electrodeposited nickel-iron, cobalt-iron-copper alloys and the commercial alloy Vitrovac 6025 have been assessed through their inclusion within a custom-made solenoid microinductor.
Abstract: Suitable materials forming the core of microscale magnetic components have been characterized for the application of magnetic passive components in the 0.5-10 MHz frequency range. The performance of electrodeposited nickel-iron, cobalt-iron-copper alloys and the commercial alloy Vitrovac 6025 have been assessed through their inclusion within a custom-made solenoid microinductor. Inductance values ranging from 0.3 to 120 H with component power efficiency above 90% have been measured. Although the present inductor, at 500 kHz, achieves 77% power efficiency for 24.7W/cm3 power density, an optimized process predicts a power efficiency of 97% for 30.83 W/cm3 power density.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 Jun 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a conceptual design of a 45 Tesla solenoid based on Bi-2223 HTS tape, where the magnet will be operated at 4.2 K to take advantage of the high current carrying capacity at that temperature.
Abstract: The ability of high temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor to carry high currents at low temperatures makes feasible the development of very high field magnets for uses in accelerators and beam-lines. A specific application of a very high field solenoid is to provide a very small beta region for the final cooling stages for a muon collider. Since ionization cooling in a solenoid acts simultaneously on both transverse planes, any improvement in maximum field has a quadratic consequence in the reduction of the 6-dimensional (6D) beam emittance. This paper describes a conceptual design of a 45 Tesla solenoid based on Bi-2223 HTS tape, where the magnet will be operated at 4.2 K to take advantage of the high current carrying capacity at that temperature. In this design, an outer Nb3Sn shell surrounds the HTS solenoid. This paper describes the technical issues associated with building this magnet. In particular it addresses how to mitigate the large Lorentz stresses associated with the high field magnet and how to design the magnet to reduce the compressive end forces. Also this paper discusses the important issue of how to protect this magnet if a quench should occur.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A concave-suspended solenoid inductor that can be post-CMOS integrated into a low-resistivity silicon substrate using a novel radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)-compatible micromachining technology is presented in this article.
Abstract: Presented in this brief is a concave-suspended solenoid inductor that can be post-CMOS integrated into a low-resistivity silicon substrate using a novel radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)-compatible micromachining technology. The three-mask processes include photoresist spray coating, XeF2 gaseous etching and copper electroplating, etc. The fabricated 11.5-turn inductor is measured with 2.96-nH inductance at 5.35 GHz, where the peak Q-factor is as high as about 45. Even with a compact layout (50% area occupation saved), the 8.5-turn inductor is still measured with 2.78 nH and peak Q of about 28 at 4.90 GHz. Both finite element simulation and shock testing results show that the suspended inductor is almost free of influence from environmental vibration and shock. Featuring high-Q performance and robust properties, the RFIC-compatible inductors are promising for high-performance RFIC applications

Patent
05 Apr 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a compressed air preparation device with an air vent and an inlet connection is described, where inlet connections are provided for connection of a compressor. An independent claim is included for method for operation of compressed air prep device.
Abstract: The compressed air preparation device (10) has excited first solenoid controlled valve (14), with which the pressure essentially remains in a line between the compressor and the stop valve (18). The device has an air vent (3) and inlet connection (1) whereby inlet connection is provided for connection of a compressor. An independent claim is included for method for operation of compressed air preparation device.

Patent
25 Jul 2007
TL;DR: A gas valve assembly includes a solenoid coil, a linearly actuated plunger, and a stop member as discussed by the authors, which is disposed in the coil so that a gap exists between the plunger and the stop member at a deenergized condition of the solenoids.
Abstract: A gas valve assembly includes a solenoid coil, a linearly actuated plunger, and a stop member. The plunger is disposed in the coil so that a gap exists between the plunger and the stop member at a deenergized condition of the solenoid. The assembly includes a valve having a port and a closing member. The closing member blocks the port in a closed position corresponding to the de-energized condition of the solenoid, and slidably unblocks the port in an open position corresponding to the energized condition of the solenoid. An adjustable length member is coupled to the closing member and the plunger and has a portion accessible external to the valve assembly. The externally-accessible portion of the adjustable length member is adjustable to vary the size of the gap between the plunger and the stop member when the closing member is in the closed position.

Patent
29 Jun 2007
TL;DR: A solenoid is a part of a vehicle that includes an ignition magnetic switch and a switch coil disposed at least partially within the housing, the switch having a magnetic field that encompasses the centerline.
Abstract: A solenoid includes a solenoid housing defining a solenoid centerline; and an ignition magnetic switch including an ignition magnetic switch coil disposed at least partially within the housing, the ignition magnetic switch coil having a magnetic field that encompasses the solenoid centerline.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the nonequilibrium Green's function was used to study the ballistic transport in metallic carbon nanotubes when a current is injected from the electrodes with finite bias voltages.
Abstract: The nonequilibrium Green's function method is used to study the ballistic transport in metallic carbon nanotubes when a current is injected from the electrodes with finite bias voltages. We reveal, both analytically and numerically, that large loop currents circulating around the tube are induced, which come from a quantum-mechanical interference and are much larger than the current along the tube axis when the injected electron is resonant with a time-reversed pair of degenerate states, which are, in fact, inherent in the zigzag and chiral nanotubes. The loop current produces large orbital magnetic moments, making the nanotube a molecular solenoid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first superconducting magnets to be installed in the union ionization cooling experiment (MICE) will be the tracker solenoids as mentioned in this paper, which is a five-coil magnet with a 400 mm diameter warm bore that is used to provide a 4 T magnetic field for the experiment tracker module.
Abstract: The first superconducting magnets to be installed in the union ionization cooling experiment (MICE) will be the tracker solenoids. The tracker solenoid module is a five coil superconducting solenoid with a 400 mm diameter warm bore that is used to provide a 4 T magnetic field for the experiment tracker module. Three of the coils are used to produce a uniform field (up to 4 T with better than 1 percent uniformity) in a region that is 300 mm in diameter and 1000 mm long. The other two coils are used to match the muon beam into the MICE cooling channel. Two 2.94-meter long superconducting tracker solenoid modules have been ordered for MICE. The tracker solenoid will be cooled using two-coolers that produce 1.5 W each at 4.2 K. The magnet system is described. The decisions that drive the magnet design will be discussed in this report.

Patent
06 Feb 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, an automatic transfer switch includes a solenoid control contacts assembly, an auxiliary contact assembly, and a dual purpose cam attached to a cylindrical shaped weight.
Abstract: An automatic transfer switch includes a solenoid control contacts assembly, an auxiliary contacts assembly, a dual purpose cam attached to a cylindrical shaped weight, and a solenoid actuator. When energized, the solenoid actuator rotates the cylindrical weight and the dual purpose cam actuates both the solenoid control contacts assembly and the auxiliary contacts assembly.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, multifllamentary MgB2 wire was used to construct three coils that were tested for transport Jc and magnetic field in the bore between 4.2 K and 30 K.
Abstract: Multifllamentary MgB2 wire was used to construct three coils that were tested for transport Jc and magnetic field in the bore between 4.2 K and 30 K. The solenoid coil achieved 85 A at 4.2 K with 3.9 T in a 3.8 cm bore. A racetrack coil was also fabricated with an attached compression plate to test the effects of compressive stress on an MgB2 racetrack coil. At compressive stresses up to 52 MPa, no degradation was observed in transport Jc at 20 K. A react and wind coil with a 56 cm bore and 828 m of MgB2 wire was also tested for transport Jc and magnetic field in the bore to demonstrate the feasibility of the react and wind process. At 5 K, the react and wind coil achieved 168 A and 0.17 T.

Patent
11 Jul 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a pump is provided for pumping a liquid, and an actuator arrangement is also included and is operable between a first position and a second position to pump the liquid from the pumping chamber into the outlet.
Abstract: A pump is provided for pumping a liquid. The pump includes an inlet, an outlet, and a pumping chamber for receiving the liquid from the inlet. An actuator arrangement is also included and is operable between a first position and a second position to pump the liquid from the pumping chamber into the outlet and includes a solenoid actuator having a solenoid coil, a pole element, and a coil former to carry the solenoid coil. The inlet and the pumping chamber are in fluid communication with a supply passage when the actuator arrangement is in the first position. The supply passage extends into or around the solenoid coil and is defined between the coil former and the pole element to allow transfer of heat from the actuator arrangement.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, different analytic models describing the axial component of the induction field in front of a small cylindrical bar magnet are compared with Hall sensor array measurements and finite-element simulations.
Abstract: The measured magnetic induction field of a bar magnet can be used to compute or measure indirectly the position of the magnet. A model-based parameter estimation approach requires a precise induction field model and knowledge of the model error. In this paper, different analytic models describing the axial component of the induction field in front of a small cylindrical bar magnet are compared with Hall sensor array measurements and finite-element simulations. The used solenoid model matched the finite-element method simulations but requires a high numerical effort. The approximate dipole model is suitable when a proposed correction function for the estimated distance is applied and current and position are estimated simultaneously