Solenoid

About: Solenoid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19278 publications have been published within this topic receiving 114721 citations.

Modelling a linear and limited travel solenoid

Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient dynamic model for a solenoid. The magnetic characteristics in the model are based on piecewise approximation with the linear and saturation sections approximated by first order and second order functions respectively. A typical solenoid valve is used to validate the model. Preliminary results show that the model is both accurate and efficient. The model is used to design a proportional solenoid valve. >

Construction and testing of a 3 m diameter × 5 m superconducting solenoid for the fermilab collider detector facility (CDF)

Abstract: A thin 3 m diameter × 5 m, 15 T superconducting solenoid for the Fermilab collider detector facility (CDF solenoid) was constructed Cool-down and excitation tests of the solenoid were carried out The design current is 5000 A and the stored magnetic energy is 30 × 106 J The solenoid utilizes the forced flow cooling method of two-phase helium and does not have a permanent inner bobbin The material thickness of the solenoid is 085 radiation length in the radial direction An aluminum-stabilized NbTi/Cu superconductor fabricated with the EFT method was used Radially outward magnetic forces must be supported with an outer support cylinder shrink-fitted outside the coil The helium cooling tube of 20 mm in inner diameter and about 140 m in length was welded to the outer support cylinder The maximum excitation current was limited to 2800 A in the present tests without an iron return yoke Thermal response of the solenoid during the cool-down and excitation tests was very steady A series of heater quench tests was attempted by using a heater installed at the outer support cylinder The solenoid did not quench even for a heater input of about 10 kJ In a warm-up test the liquid helium supply was shut off The coil stayed superconducting for about 90 min and then the entire coil became normal very uniformly This result is consistent with the measured heat load of the solenoid of about 35 W The results of the present tests indicate the excellent thermal stability of the solenoid

Pulse width modulated drive for an infinitely variable solenoid operated brake cylinder pressure control valve

Abstract: A pulse width modulated drive circuit drives a solenoid operated valve in response to an input voltage signal from a control apparatus. The solenoid operated valve includes a coil that is energizable in response to energy received from the pulse width modulated drive circuit. The pulse width modulated drive circuit includes a pulse generator stage and an output stage. The pulse generator stage receives the input voltage signal from the control apparatus and a feedback signal from the coil which ultimately combine to form a control voltage in response to which the pulse generator stage generates a pulse width modulated signal whose duty cycle depends on the control voltage. The output stage receives the pulse width modulated signal from the pulse generator stage and generates in response thereto a pulse width modulated output signal across the coil. The pulse width modulated output signal has pulse width generally proportional to the control voltage and carries energy from a source of energy. The pulse width modulated output signal energizes the coil thereby enabling the coil to generate a force generally proportional to the average current carried by the pulse width modulated output signal.

Overview of the Design Status of the Superconducting Magnet System of the CFETR

Abstract: The concept design of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) was started in 2012 in two stages. For CFETR-Phase I, the major radius is 5.7 m, the minor radius is 1.6 m, and the magnetic field at the plasma region, BT , is 4–5 T. There were 16 toroidal field coils and six central solenoid coils designed by a Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) with the maximum operation current of 64 and 50 kA, respectively. Three types of plasma equilibrium configuration (ITER-like single null, super-X, and snowflake) were designed. The maximum flux provided by the central solenoid is set at 180 V⋅s. However, to get much higher operation parameters such as steady-state operation, particle and heat exhaust, disruption mitigation and avoidance, ELM control, and material damage by high heat flux and neutron, the superconducting magnet system of CFETR-phase II has been updated based on the larger machine with R = 6.7 m−7.0 m, a = 2.0 m, and BT = 6.5–7 T. Such a new design makes over 1-GW fusion power and better plasma performance possible. Hybrid TF coils are designed by a high-performance Nb3Sn conductor, since the maximum magnetic field can reach to 14–15 T. Besides, in order to save the space for the blanket system and get higher flux, a high-temperature superconducting Bi-2212 magnet with better current-carrying performance under high field is supposed to be employed for the CS coils of CFETR-phase II. The Bi-2212 CICC sample has been tested at 4.2 K with a critical current of 26.6 kA under its self-field.

Apparatus to check calibration of mass flow controllers

Abstract: A calibration apparatus is applied to a gas control panel (46) that uses mass flow controllers (70,98,118) to control the flows of different gases to a processing chamber (42). The gas control panel (46) includes a mass flow meter (150) mounted on the gas control panel (46). The mass flow meter (150) is connected between pre-existing and unused gas valves (152, 156) on the gas control panel (46) in place of a mass flow controller that is also otherwise unused. The meter input valve (152) for the mass flow meter (150) is in fluid communication with the mass flow controllers (70, 98, 118). The input and output meter valves (152, 156) are connected to respective pre-existing solenoids (154, 158) which in turn are connected to a gas flow control (48). A final valve solenoid (82) controls a final valve (80) which is also in fluid communication with the mass flow controllers (70, 98, 118) and routes the gases to the processing chamber (42). The calibration system includes a switching device (162) mounted on the gas control panel (46) and connected between the output (163) of the final valve solenoid (82) and a control input (81) of the final valve (82). The switching device (162) has a control input (164) connected to an output of the meter input valve solenoid (154). Thus, in one state, the meter input solenoid (154) inhibits gas flow through the processing chamber (42) and permits gas flow from the mass flow controllers (70, 98, 118), through the mass flow meter (150) in order to check the calibration of the mass flow controllers. In an opposite state, the meter input solenoid (154) inhibits gas flow through the mass flow meter (150) and permits flow to the processing chamber (42).