Solenoid

About: Solenoid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19278 publications have been published within this topic receiving 114721 citations.

Apparatus for monitoring solenoid expansion valve flow rates

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled system for use in a refrigeration system which includes a plurality of pulse controlled solenoid flow control valves suitable for use as expansion valves is disclosed. A pulse width modulated control signal is generated for cyclically opening and closing the flow through the solenoid expansion valve. The duty cycle of the pulsed control signal determines the average flow rate through the valve. The microprocessor responds to the flow rate through each of the solenoid valves to determine, on a system-wide basis, if each fixture in the system, as indicated by the flow rate through the expansion valve associated therewith, is operating properly.

High-density plasma-processing tool with toroidal magnetic field

Abstract: A high-density plasma-processing reactor with a processing chamber configuration which closes upon itself The reactor applies a toroidal magnetic field to the plasma discharge which creates magnetic field lines which close upon themselves thereby preventing the magnetized plasma electrons traveling along these magnetic field lines from diffusing to the chamber wall or adjacent magnetic field lines This electron confinement scheme is expected to result in a plasma density in the 10 12 to 10 13 cm -3 range The high density plasma processing reactor includes a plasma processing chamber which forms an enclosed configuration mounted within a plurality of toroidal solenoid coils and containing a plurality of plasma source regions

Shift actuator for a transmission

Abstract: A shift actuator (5) for a transmission, which actuates, in a direction of shift, a shift lever (34) for operating a synchronizing device of the transmission, the shift actuator (5) comprising a first electromagnetic solenoid (6) and a second electromagnetic solenoid (7) for actuating an operation member (50) coupled to the shift lever (34) in the directions opposite to each other Each of the first electromagnetic solenoid (6) and the second electromagnetic solenoid (7) comprises a casing (61, 71), a fixed iron core (62, 72) disposed in the casing (61, 71), a moving iron core (64, 74) arranged to be allowed to approach and separate away from the fixed iron core (62, 72), an operation rod (63, 73) mounted on the moving iron core (64, 74) to engage with the operation member (50), and an electromagnetic coil (66, 76) arranged between the casing (61, 71) and the fixed iron core (62, 72) as well as the moving iron core (64, 74)

Focused RF hyperthermia using magnetic fluids

Abstract: Heat therapies such as hyperthermia and thermoablation are very promising approaches in the treatment of cancer. Compared with available hyperthermia modalities, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) yields better results in uniform heating of the deeply situated tumors. In this approach, fluid consisting of superparamagnetic particles (magnetic fluid) is delivered to the tumor. An alternating (ac) magnetic field is then used to heat the particles and the corresponding tumor, thereby ablating it. However, one of the most serious shortcomings of this technique is the unwanted heating of the healthy tissues. This results from the magnetic fluid diffusion from the tumor to the surrounding tissues or from incorrect localization of the fluids in the target tumor area. In this study, the authors demonstrated that by depositing appropriate static (dc) magnetic field gradients on the alternating (ac) magnetic fields, focused heating of the magnetic particles can be achieved. A focused hyperthermia system was implemented by using two types of coils: dc and ac coils. The ac coil generated the alternating magnetic field responsible for the heating of the magnetic particles; the dc coil was used to superimpose a static magnetic field gradient on the alternating magnetic field. In this way, focused heating of the particles was obtained in the regions where the static field was dominated by the alternating magnetic field. In vitro experiments showed that as the magnitude of the dc solenoid currents was increased from 0 to 1.8 A, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the superparamagnetic particles 2 cm apart from the ac solenoid center decreased by a factor of 4.5, while the SAR of the particles at the center was unchanged. This demonstrates that the hyperthermia system is capable of precisely focusing the heat at the center. Additionally, with this approach, shifting of the heat focus can be achieved by applying different amounts of currents to individual dc solenoids. In vivo experiments were performed with adult rats, where magnetic fluids were injected percutaneously into the tails (with homogeneous fluid distribution inside the tails). Histological examination showed that, as we increased the dc solenoid current from 0.5 to 1.8 A, the total burned volume decreased from 1.6 to 0.2 cm3 verifying the focusing capability of the system. The authors believe that the studies conducted in this work show that MFH can be a much more effective method with better heat localization and focusing abilities.

Solenoid and solenoid valve

Abstract: A solenoid comprising a solenoid coil (1) having a longitudinal hole (11c) made at the center of a bobbin (11) made of a non-magnetic material and a coil winding (12) wound round the peripheral wall (11d) of the bobbin (11), a yoke (2) comprising a peripheral side plate (21), an upper end plate (22) and a lower end plate (23) all for covering the outer peripheral surface and both end surfaces of the solenoid coil (1), a pole core (16) disposed at one end of the longitudinal hole (11c) and a plunger (15) fitted slidably into the other end of the longitudinal hole (11c). The solenoid further comprises a protrusion member (24) for forming an irregular magnetic field, formed integrally at the center of the yoke (2), and a recess (11f) for fitting the protrusion member (24) from the end surface of the peripheral wall (11d) of the bobbin (11), formed in the peripheral wall (11d). A diaphragm (3) of a solenoid valve for opening and closing a main valve port (63), opened and closed by the movement of the plunger (15) operates at a constant stroke above a predetermined feed water pressure and at a stroke proportional to the water drainage pressure below the predetermined feed water pressure.