Solenoid

About: Solenoid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19278 publications have been published within this topic receiving 114721 citations.

Improved performance of the electromagnetic fuel injector solenoid actuator using a modelling approach

Abstract: The aim of this investigation was to develop a specific modelling approach capable of reducing the size of the fuel injector solenoid device while improving its response time and attraction force. Several developed modelling and simulation procedures have focused on various aspects of solenoid component modifications in order to develop an evolution process of miniaturising a fuel injector solenoid, using the latest finite element method (FEM) tool software. The specific factors that influenced the optimum operation of the fuel injector solenoid were the geometrical shape of individual solenoid components, material properties, air-gap constraints, boundary conditions, current source conditions, mass constants, and damping coefficients of the plunger. The attraction force distribution in the main air-gap was directly influenced by the taper angle of the 2D and 3D plunger pole faces, plunger length and the permanent magnetism. The precise definition of the electro-mechanical motion of plunger was of enormous importance in reducing the fuel injector solenoid response time, closely related to stroke and mass of the plunger, spring characteristics, motion and rebound of the plunger. Using the developed approach, the initial size of the fuel injector has been reduced by 35%, the attraction force increased by 26% and the response time reduced by 76%. However, by frequently repeating the design trials and conducting a thorough experimental investigation, the final minimum response time was achieved by the virtual rebound delay model. The reduction in response time from the 'optimal' experimental to virtual model was by 35%. The simplicity and effectiveness of the developed methods, allowed for quick and accurate evaluation.

Development of a Compact Electron Beam Ion Source Cooled with Liquid Nitrogen

Abstract: A small-sized EBIS type ion source (mini-EBIS) for production of highly charged ions has been developed. The whole system, namely, the electron gun, ion drift tube, electron collector, ion extraction lens and liquid nitrogen reservoir containing solenoid coil is housed in a vacuum envelope, 150 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length. The idea of cooling the solenoid to 77 K has proved very effective to miniaturize the solenoid and its power supply. Moreover, the wall of the liquid nitrogen reservoir exhibits a cryogenic pumping function at the ionization region. In the DC ion extraction mode with an electron current of 15 mA at 2 keV, beam intensities obtained for C6+, N7+, O8+, Ne9+ and Ar16+ ions are at least 5×104, 3×104, 1×104, 5×103 and 3×103 counts per second, respectively.

Actuator for remote devices or the like

Abstract: In order to render an actuator which is capable of selectively operating two remotely arranged latches or the like devices highly compact, the device is provided with a reversible motor, a reduction gear and a clutch arrangement which includes a solenoid coil. In some embodiments the clutch includes a two stage arrangement which permits a small power economical solenoid arrangement to be used. The invention further features the use of a compact reduction gear which includes two ring gears and stepped pinion gears.

Plasma wafer processing tool having closed electron cyclotron resonance

Abstract: A cylindrical plasma reaction chamber is equipped with a pair of axially separated solenoid coils and a multipole magnet structure extending between the coil pair. An axially-directed magnetic field and a transverse cusp field are respectively provided by the coils and the magnet. A working gas is contained within the chamber and is excited by applied microwave energy. The strengths of the two magnetic fields and the microwave frequency value are selected to produce a substantially closed electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) zone of proper size. This ECR zone is located axially between the solenoid fields. Baffling is used to separate the closed plasma ECR zone from the workpiece region of the chamber. A semiconductor wafer is positioned within the workpiece region to intercept most plasma particles which follow the axially directed magnetic lines passing through the ECR zone. Few of the particles from the closed ECR zone travel to destinations other than the wafer.