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Solid solution
About: Solid solution is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 27867 publications have been published within this topic receiving 469519 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, LiCo1/3Ni 1/3Mn 1 /3O2 was prepared by a solid state reaction at 1000 °C in air and examined in nonaqueous lithium cells.
Abstract: Layered LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by a solid state reaction at 1000 °C in air and examined in nonaqueous lithium cells. LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 showed a rechargeable capacity of 150 mAh g−1 in 3.5–4.2 V or 200 mAh g−1 in 3.5–5.0 V. Operating voltage of Li / LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was by 0.2–0.25 V lower than that of a cell with LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4 and by 0.15–0.3 V higher than that with LiNiO2 or LiCo1/2Ni1/2O2 due to a complex solid solution mechanism.
1,212 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conditions for the retention of a zirconia-rich tetragonal phase at ambient temperature were established and the existence of a miscibility gap, closed below the solidus temperature, in the yttria-rich solid solution region was proposed.
Abstract: Metastable and equilibrium phase relationships in the system ZrO2:YO1.5 have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The conditions for the retention of a zirconia-rich tetragonal phase at ambient temperature are established. The existence of a miscibility gap, closed below the solidus temperature, in the yttria-rich solid solution region is proposed. Some evidence for partially ordered phases is presented.
1,170 citations
TL;DR: A structural investigation revealed the orthorhombic phase to be of space group Pbc2(1), whose noncentrosymmetric nature is deemed responsible for the spontaneous polarization in this novel, nanoscale ferroelectrics.
Abstract: The transition metal oxides ZrO2 and HfO2 as well as their solid solution are widely researched and, like most binary oxides, are expected to exhibit centrosymmetric crystal structure and therewith linear dielectric characteristics. For this reason, those oxides, even though successfully introduced into microelectronics, were never considered to be more than simple dielectrics possessing limited functionality. Here we report the discovery of a field-driven ferroelectric phase transition in pure, sub 10 nm ZrO2 thin films and a composition- and temperature-dependent transition to a stable ferroelectric phase in the HfO2–ZrO2 mixed oxide. These unusual findings are attributed to a size-driven tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition that in thin films, similar to the anticipated tetragonal to monoclinic transition, is lowered to room temperature. A structural investigation revealed the orthorhombic phase to be of space group Pbc21, whose noncentrosymmetric nature is deemed responsible for the spontaneous...
1,161 citations
TL;DR: This work examines an equiatomic medium-entropy alloy containing only three elements, CrCoNi, as a single-phase face-centred cubic solid solution, which displays strength-toughness properties that exceed those of all high-ENTropy alloys and most multi-phase alloys.
Abstract: High-entropy alloys are an intriguing new class of metallic materials that derive their properties from being multi-element systems that can crystallize as a single phase, despite containing high concentrations of five or more elements with different crystal structures. Here we examine an equiatomic medium-entropy alloy containing only three elements, CrCoNi, as a single-phase face-centred cubic solid solution, which displays strength-toughness properties that exceed those of all high-entropy alloys and most multi-phase alloys. At room temperature, the alloy shows tensile strengths of almost 1 GPa, failure strains of ∼70% and KJIc fracture-toughness values above 200 MPa m(1/2); at cryogenic temperatures strength, ductility and toughness of the CrCoNi alloy improve to strength levels above 1.3 GPa, failure strains up to 90% and KJIc values of 275 MPa m(1/2). Such properties appear to result from continuous steady strain hardening, which acts to suppress plastic instability, resulting from pronounced dislocation activity and deformation-induced nano-twinning.
1,101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review on the diffusion, solubility and electrical activity of 3D transition metals in silicon is given, which can be divided into two groups according to the respective enthalpy of formation of the solid solution.
Abstract: A review is given on the diffusion, solubility and electrical activity of 3d transition metals in silicon. Transition elements (especially, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) diffuse interstitially and stay in the interstitial site in thermal equilibrium at the diffusion temperature. The parameters of the liquidus curves are identical for the Si:Ti — Si:Ni melts, indicating comparable silicon-metal interaction for all these elements. Only Cr, Mn, and Fe could be identified in undisturbed interstitial sites after quenching, the others precipitated or formed complexes. The 3d elements can be divided into two groups according to the respective enthalpy of formation of the solid solution. The distinction can arise from different charge states of these impurities at the diffusion temperature. For the interstitial 3d atoms remaining after quenching, reliable energy levels are established from the literature and compared with recent calculations.
987 citations