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Showing papers on "Solid-state fermentation published in 2006"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the application of SSF to the production of several metabolites relevant for the food processing industry, centred on flavors, enzymes (α-amylase, fructosyl transferase, lipase, pectinase), organic acids (lactic acid, citric acid) and xanthan gum.

638 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The use of agro-industrial residues as support in solid-state fermentation is economically important and minimizes environmental problems as mentioned in this paper, which can be used in the production of citric acid.
Abstract: There is a great worldwide demand for citric acid consumption due to its low toxicity when compared with other acidulants used mainly in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Other applications of citric acid can be found in detergents and cleaning products, cosmetics and toiletries, and other. Global production has now reached 1.4 million tonnes and there is annual growth of 3.5–4.0 % in demand/consumption of citric acid. As a result of the adverse market conditions, only big producers have survived. Any increase in citric acid productivity would be of potential interest and hence there is an obvious need to consider all possible ways in which this might be achieved. The production by submerged fermentation is still dominating. However, solid-state processes can create new possibilities for producers. Many by-products and residues of the agro-industry can be used in the production of citric acid. A cost reduction in citric acid production can be achieved by using less expensive substrates. The use of agro-industrial residues as support in solid-state fermentation is economically important and minimizes environmental problems. Other perspectives for citric acid production sector are the improvement of citric acid producing strains, which have been carried out by mutagenesis and selection.

364 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alkaline protease production under solid-state fermentation was investigated using isolated alkalophilic Bacillus sp.

281 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius produced laccase (Lac) both under conditions of submerged fermentation (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) with all of the investigated carbon and nitrogen sources.

225 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a viable process based on a low-cost production media is desired to enhance the economics of fermentative production of l -lactic acid, and an attempt is made to exploit two agro-industrial wastes, cassava bagasse and sugarcane bagasse, as a raw material and inert solid support using solid-state fermentation (SSF).

206 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A newly isolated thermophilic fungus, Paecilomyces themophila J18, could to be a promising microorganism for thermostable, cellulase-free xylanase production in SSF.

167 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, 14 different agroresidues were screened for alpha amylase production using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATCC 23842, and wheat bran (WB) and groundnut oil cake (GOC) in mass ratio of 1:1 was proved as the best substrate source.
Abstract: Summary Fourteen different agroresidues were screened for alpha amylase production using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATCC 23842. Among them, wheat bran (WB) and groundnut oil cake (GOC) in mass ratio of 1:1 was proved as the best substrate source. Supplementation with 0.01 M KH2PO4 and 1 % soluble starch enhanced the enzyme yield considerably. Maximum enzyme recovery from the solid mass was obtained when extracted with 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH=5.0. Maximum enzyme titer expressed as units per mass of dry substrate obtained was 62 470 U/g after 72 hours of fermentation at 37 °C by using the above solid substrate mixture (5 g) with the initial moisture of 85 % and inoculated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens of 2·10 9 CFU/mL.

163 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Organic nitrogen supplementation (yeast extract and peptone, 0.02 g/gds) showed a higher enzyme production compared to inorganic source and media supplementation with carbon source as sucrose in wheat bran and glucose in coarse and medium waste increased enzyme production.

151 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences between the kinetic properties suggest that when they were tested, one or both fungal lipases might still have been associated with non-proteic compounds originating from the culture medium.

149 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Lipase production in Aspergillus niger J-1 was tested using both submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) on a mineral culture medium and wheat bran, respectively and the optimization of the culture medium was carried out for both SmF and SSF.
Abstract: Summary Lipase production in Aspergillus niger J-1 was tested using both submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) on a mineral culture medium and wheat bran, respectively. The optimization of the culture medium was carried out for both SmF and SSF. The maximum lipase activity, 1.46 IU/mL, was obtained during the submerged fermentation in a medium containing glucose at 2 % and olive oil at 2 % under conditions of 1 vvm and 450 m –1 . However, 9.14 IU/g of dry solid substrate equivalent to 4.8 IU/mL of lipase activity was reached using solid-state fermentation process with a medium containing 0.75 % of ammonium sulphate and 0.34 % of urea. The optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic activity were pH=6 and 40 °C, respectively. The enzyme also exhibited 80 % of its initial activity in neutral and mildly acid media and at temperatures between 20 and 30 °C for a period of 24 hours.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results are promising because this strain produces high lipase concentrations in an inexpensive and simple medium, which facilitates its recovery and purification.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To optimize the extracellular yield of tannase under SSF various physico-chemical and nutritional parameters were studied and supplementary tannic acid was found useful for enzyme synthesis by the bacterial culture selectively depending up on the substrate.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of temperature (30.4-41.6°C) and corn steep liquor (13-27.1%, w/v) on the production of inulinase were evaluated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Studies were carried out on the production of pectinases using deseeded sunflower head by Aspergillus niger DMF 27 and DMF 45 in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF); higher titres of endo- and exo-pectinases were observed when medium was supplemented with carbon and nitrogen.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a-amylase enzyme activity was observed at 55 °C and pH=5. At 75 °C, enzyme showed 90 % activity compared to 55°C.
Abstract: Summary Production of a-amylase under solid-state fermentation by Bacillus cereus MTCC 1305 has been investigated using wheat bran and rice flake manufacturing waste as substrates. With wheat bran, highest enzyme production expressed as units per mass of dry substrate ((94±2) U/g) was observed. Production parameters were optimized as inoculum size 10 % (volume per mass) and substrate:moisture ratio 1:1. Among different carbon sources supplemented, glucose (0.04 g/g) showed enhanced enzyme production ((122±5) U/g). Supplementation of different nitrogen sources (0.02 g/g) showed decline in enzyme production. Optimum a-amylase enzyme activity was observed at 55 °C and pH=5. At 75 °C, enzyme showed 90 % activity compared to 55 °C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study suggests that choosing an appropriate substrate when coupled with process level optimization improves enzyme production markedly and developing an asparaginase production process based on bran of G. max as a substrate in SSF is economically attractive as it is a cheap and readily available raw material in agriculture-based countries.
Abstract: This article reports the production of high levels of L-asparaginase from a new isolate of Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation (SSF) using agro-wastes from three leguminous crops (bran of Cajanus cajan, Phaseolus mungo, and Glycine max). When used as the sole source for growth in SSF, bran of G. max showed maximum enzyme production followed by that of P. mungo and C. cajan. A 96-h fermentation time under aerobic condition with moisture content of 70%, 30 min of cooking time and 1205-1405 micro range of particle size in SSF appeared optimal for enzyme production. Enzyme yield was maximum (40.9 +/- 3.35 U/g of dry substrate) at pH 6.5 and temperature 30 +/- 2 degrees C. The optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were 40 degrees C and 6.5, respectively. The study suggests that choosing an appropriate substrate when coupled with process level optimization improves enzyme production markedly. Developing an asparaginase production process based on bran of G. max as a substrate in SSF is economically attractive as it is a cheap and readily available raw material in agriculture-based countries.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was interesting to note that at higher pH such as 9, 10 and 11 the enzyme activity increased over the period of incubation, which makes this enzyme potentially very effective for industrial applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hydrolases in general showed high stability, whereas laccase and Mn peroxidase of P. ostreatus were the least stable, and the enzymes also showed significant differences in freeze-drying stability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: As the okara cultured with RB14-CS exhibited functions of both plant disease suppression and nutritional effect on tomato seedlings, this product is expected to contribute to the recycling of the soybean curd residue.
Abstract: Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS, which suppresses the growth of various plant pathogens in vitro by producing the lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A, was cultured using soybean curd residue, okara, a by-product of tofu manufacture in solid-state fermentation. After 4 days incubation, iturin A production reached 3,300 mg/kg wet solid material (14 g/kg dry solid material), which is approximately tenfold higher than that in submerged fermentation. When the okara product cultured with RB14-CS was introduced into soil infested with Rhizoctonia solani, which is a causal agent of damping-off of tomato, the disease occurrence was significantly suppressed. After 14 days, the number of RB14-CS cells remained in soil at the initial level, whereas almost no iturin A was detected in soil. As the okara cultured with RB14-CS exhibited functions of both plant disease suppression and nutritional effect on tomato seedlings, this product is expected to contribute to the recycling of the soybean curd residue.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Results indicate the scope for further optimization of the production conditions to obtain higher cellulase titres using the strain under SSF.
Abstract: Cellulase production studies were carried out using the fungal culture Trichoderma reesei NRRL 11460 using four different lignocellulosic residues (both raw and pre-treated) by solid-state fermentation. The effect of basic fermentation parameters on enzyme production was studied. Maximal cellulase production obtained was 154.58 U/gds when pre-treated sugarcane bagasse (PSCB) was used as substrate. The optimal conditions for cellulase production using PSCB were found to be initial moisture content - 66%, initial medium pH-7.0, incubation temperature -28°C, NH4NO3 at 0.075 M, and 0.005 M cellobiose. The optimal incubation time for production was 72 h. Results indicate the scope for further optimization of the production conditions to obtain higher cellulase titres using the strain under SSF.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to determine maximum production of lactic acid at optimum values of the process variables, red lentil flour, yeast cells, CaCO3 and incubation period.

01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, solid-state fermentation was carried out using jackfruit seed powder as substrate for the production of pigments using a fungal culture of Monascus purpureus.
Abstract: Summary Solid-state fermentation was carried out using jackfruit seed powder as substrate for the production of pigments using a fungal culture of Monascus purpureus. Due to the buffering nature of jackfruit seed powder, colour of pigments produced was stable over a wide range of initial pH of the substrate. Jackfruit seed powder with a particle size between 0.4 and 0.6 mm without any additional carbon source was found to be the best for pigment production. Water-soluble pigments were produced when jackfruit seed powder was supplemented with monosodium glutamate, soybean meal, peptone or chitin powder. The addition of external nitrogenous compounds showed a positive impact on water-soluble pigment production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: F3 and F4 strains of Aspergillus niger were screened from five strains of fungi to produce multienzyme preparations (containing cellulase, hemicellulase, glucoamylase, pectinase, and acidic proteinase) as dietary supplementation to optimize media.
Abstract: F3 and F4 strains of Aspergillus niger were screened from five strains of fungi to produce multienzyme preparations (containing cellulase, hemicellulase, glucoamylase, pectinase, and acidic proteinase) as dietary supplementation. Enzyme activities indicated that 1:4 (F3 to F4) was the optimum mixture proportion, and 0.3% (W/W) was the preferable pitching rate. In bran mash containing 54.5% (W/W) water, F3 and F4 could produce the supplementation better when cultured 30 to 36 h at 30 °C. Monofactorial and orthogonal experiments were performed to optimize media. Results of the variance and range analysis showed that the optimum medium contained 80 g of bran, 20 g of cottonseed powder, 1 g of (NH4)2SO4, and 0.1 g of KH2PO4. When F3 and F4 strains were cultured in the optimum medium containing 54.5% (W/W) water, the activity of cellulase, hemicellulase, glucoamylase, pectinase, and acidic proteinase reached 996; 15,863; 13,378; 7,621; and 5,583 U/g, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading cellulose to the smaller glucose units that are produced by fungi and bacteria and were observed in R. stolonifer mediated fermentation in solid state fermentation of solid waste of sago industry using cassava tubers.
Abstract: Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading cellulose to the smaller glucose units. These enzymes are produced by fungi and bacteria. The solid waste of sago industry using cassava tubers was fermented by Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus terreus and Rhizopus stolonifer in solid state fermentation. The cassava waste contained dry wt of 13.4% cellulose and 2.9% protein by dry weight. The highest cellulase activity was observed on the 10 th day in R. stolonifer mediated fermentation. R. stolonifer was more efficient in bioconverting cassava waste into fungal protein (9%) compared to A. niger and A. terreus .

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of the organism to produce such a high level of xylanase at room temperature and with deionized water without addition of any mineral salts in SSF, could lead to substantial reduction in the overall cost of enzyme production.
Abstract: Bacillus pumilus ASH produced a high level of an extracellular and thermostable xylanase enzyme when grown using solid-state fermentation (SSF). Among a few easily available lignocellulosics tested, wheat bran was found to be the best substrate (5,300 U/g of dry bacterial bran). Maximum xylanase production was achieved in 72 h (5,824 U/g). Higher xylanase activity was obtained when wheat bran was moistened with deionized water (6,378 U/g) at a substrate-to-moisture ratio of 1:2.5 (w/v). The optimum temperature for xylanase production was found to be 37°C. The inoculum level of 15% was found to be the most suitable for maximum xylanase production (7,087 U/g). Addition of peptone stimulated enzyme production followed by yeast extract and mustard oil cake, whereas glucose, xylose and malt extract greatly repressed the enzyme activity. Repression by glucose was concentration-dependent, repressing more than 60% of the maximum xylanase production at a concentration of 10% (w/v). Cultivation in large enamel trays yielded a xylanase titre that was slightly lower to that in flasks. The enzyme activity was slightly lower in SSF than in SmF but the ability of the organism to produce such a high level of xylanase at room temperature and with deionized water without addition of any mineral salts in SSF, could lead to substantial reduction in the overall cost of enzyme production. This is the first report on production of such a high level of xylanase under SSF conditions by bacteria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Activity at high temperature and high alkaline pH suggests suitability of the enzyme for its application in detergent industry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A solid state fermentation process for the production of lignin peroxidase was optimized to enhance enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and caused a significant reduction in fermentation time to give maximum lign in per oxidase yield.
Abstract: A solid state fermentation (SSF) process for the production of lignin peroxidase was optimized to enhance enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Optimization of the corncob SSF medium caused a significant reduction in fermentation time to give maximum lignin peroxidase yield. Supplementation of the SSF medium by low concentrations of peptone, yeast extract and Tween-80 enhanced lignin peroxidase production. Maximum yield of lignin peroxidase was 13.7 U/gds (units per gram dry substrate) noted after 5 days of SSF with 70% moisture and 20% (v/w) inoculum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Xylanase production from B. megaterium was enhanced using solid state fermentation with respect to the use of solid substrate, moistening solution, moisture content, inoculum, sugars, soyabean meal, amino acids, and extraction with surfactant to increase production and suppression of CMCase over submerged liquid fermentation.
Abstract: Xylanase production from B. megaterium was enhanced using solid state fermentation with respect to the use of solid substrate, moistening solution, moisture content, inoculum, sugars, soyabean meal, amino acids, and extraction with surfactant. An increase of ≈423-fold in xylanase production and complete suppression of CMCase production was achieved over submerged liquid fermentation. Biobleaching using this cellulase-free xylanase, 8 U/g of oven dried pulp of 10% consistency, showed 8.12% and 1.16% increase in brightness and viscosity, 13.67% decrease in kappa number, and 31% decrease in chlorine consumption at the CD stage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Protease production by Streptomyces sp.
Abstract: Aims: Protease production by Streptomyces sp. 594 in submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using feather meal, an industrial poultry residue, and partial characterization of the crude enzyme. Methods and Results: Streptomyces sp. 594 produced proteases in SF (7·2 ± 0·2 U ml−1) and SSF (15·5 ± 0·41 U g−1), with pH increase in both media. Considering protease activity, values obtained in the liquid extract after SSF (6·3 ± 0·17 U ml−1) were lower than those from SF. The proteases, which belong to serine and metalloproteinase classes, were active over a wide range of pH (5·0–10·0) and high temperatures (55–80°C). Strain 594 was also able to degrade feather in agar and liquid media. Keratinase activity (80 U l−1) also confirmed the keratin degrading capacity of this streptomycete. Conclusions: Proteases produced using residues from poultry industry have shown interesting properties for industrial purposes. Significance and Impact of the Study: As far as we are concerned, this is the first contribution towards the production of thermophilic protease by a streptomycete in SSF using a keratinous waste.