Topic
Solid-state lighting
About: Solid-state lighting is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1830 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55682 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of several WOLED architectures in terms of efficiency and color quality are discussed, as well as their widespread acceptance as solid-state lighting sources.
Abstract: White organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) have advanced over the last twelve years to the extent that these devices are now being considered as efficient solid-state lighting sources. Initially, WOLEDs were targeted towards display applications for use primarily as liquid-crystal display backlights. Now, their power efficiencies have surpassed those of incandescent sources due to improvements in device architectures, synthesis of novel materials, and the incorporation of electrophosphorescent emitters. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several WOLED architectures in terms of efficiency and color quality. Hindrances to their widespread acceptance as solid-state lighting sources are also noted.
1,962 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the status and future outlook of III-V compound semiconductor visible-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are presented and light extraction techniques are reviewed.
Abstract: Status and future outlook of III-V compound semiconductor visible-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are presented. Light extraction techniques are reviewed and extraction efficiencies are quantified in the 60%+ (AlGaInP) and ~80% (InGaN) regimes for state-of-the-art devices. The phosphor-based white LED concept is reviewed and recent performance discussed, showing that high-power white LEDs now approach the 100-lm/W regime. Devices employing multiple phosphors for "warm" white color temperatures (~3000-4000 K) and high color rendering (CRI>80), which provide properties critical for many illumination applications, are discussed. Recent developments in chip design, packaging, and high current performance lead to very high luminance devices (~50 Mcd/m2 white at 1 A forward current in 1times1 mm2 chip) that are suitable for application to automotive forward lighting. A prognosis for future LED performance levels is considered given further improvements in internal quantum efficiency, which to date lag achievements in light extraction efficiency for InGaN LEDs
1,882 citations
TL;DR: More than one-fifth of US electricity is used to power artificial lighting as discussed by the authors and light-emitting diodes based on group III/nitride semiconductors are bringing about a revolution in energy-efficient lighting.
Abstract: More than one-fifth of US electricity is used to power artificial lighting. Light-emitting diodes based on group III/nitride semiconductors are bringing about a revolution in energy-efficient lighting.
1,779 citations
TL;DR: Bergh and P.J.Dean as discussed by the authors proposed a light-emitting diode (LEDD) for light-aware Diodes, which was shown to have promising performance.
Abstract: Light-Emitting Diodes. (Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.) By A. A. Bergh and P. J. Dean. Pp. viii+591. (Clarendon: Oxford; Oxford University: London, 1976.) £22.
1,560 citations
15 Jul 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of inorganic LEDs, including emission spectra, electrical characteristics, and current-flow patterns, are presented and the packaging of low power and high power LED dies is discussed.
Abstract: Inorganic semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are environmentally benign and have already found widespread use as indicator lights, large-area displays, and signage applications. In addition, LEDs are very promising candidates for future energy-saving light sources suitable for office and home lighting applications. Today, the entire visible spectrum can be covered by light-emitting semiconductors: AlGaInP and AlGaInN compound semiconductors are capable of emission in the red to yellow wavelength range and ultraviolet (uv) to green wavelength range, respectively. Currently, two basic approaches exist for white light sources: The combination of one or more phosphorescent materials with a semiconductor LED and the use of multiple LEDs emitting at complementary wavelengths. Both approaches are suitable for high efficiency sources that have the potential to replace incandescent and fluorescent lights. In this article, the properties of inorganic LEDs will be presented, including emission spectra, electrical characteristics, and current-flow patterns. Structures providing high internal quantum efficiency, namely, heterostructures and multiple quantum well structures, will be discussed. Advanced techniques enhancing the external quantum efficiency will be reviewed, including resonant-cavities, die shaping (chip shaping), omnidirectional reflectors, and photonic crystals. Different approaches to white LEDs will be presented and figures-of-merit such as the color rendering index, luminous efficacy, and luminous efficiency will be explained. Finally, the packaging of low power and high power LED dies will be discussed.
Keywords:
light-emitting diodes (LEDs);
solid-state lighting;
compound semiconductors;
device physics;
reflectors;
resonant cavity LEDs;
white LEDs;
packaging
1,364 citations