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Solvent effects

About: Solvent effects is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17552 publications have been published within this topic receiving 436125 citations. The topic is also known as: solvent effect & solvent dependence.


Papers
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01 Oct 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, photophysical parameters have been determined for coumarin laser dyes in a variety of organic solvents, water, and mixed media, showing that substituent influences resulted in enlarged excited-state dipole moments for the fluorescent state.
Abstract: Photophysical parameters have been determined for coumarin laser dyes in a variety of organic solvents, water, and mixed media. The response of fluorescence emission yield and lifetime to changes in solvent polarity was a sensitive function of coumarin substitution pattern. Most important were substituent influences which resulted in enlarged excited-state dipole moments for the fluorescent state. For dyes displaying sharp reductions in emission yield and lifetime with increased solvent polarity, protic media and particularly water were most effective in inhibiting fluorescence. The temperature dependence of emission yield and lifetime was measured for two solvent-sensitive dyes in acetonitrile and in a highly viscous solvent, glycerol. The quenching of coumarin fluorescence by oxygen for dyes with lifetimes > 2 ns was also observed. The dominant photophysical features for coumarin dyes are discussed in terms of emission from an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) excited state and an important nonradiative decay path involving rotation of the amine functionality (7-position) leading to a twisted intramolecular CT state (TICT). The role of excited-state bond orders involving the rotating group in determining the importance of interconversions of the type ICT ..-->.. TICT is discussed. 73 references, 1 figure, 3 tables.

896 citations

Book
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical properties of solvents and chemical properties of Solvents applications are investigated in terms of physical properties, physical properties and properties of the solvers.
Abstract: Solvent effects physical properties of solvents chemical properties of solvents applications.

893 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This critical review provides an overview on the formation of pi-stacks of functional dyes in solution, aiming to acquaint young researchers with this topical research field and to stimulate further advance in supramolecular dye chemistry.
Abstract: This critical review provides an overview on the formation of π-stacks of functional dyes in solution, aiming to acquaint young researchers with this topical research field and to stimulate further advance in supramolecular dye chemistry. Different mathematical models that have been proposed and applied for the description of aggregation equilibria of π-systems in solution are discussed. The factors that have significant impact on the structural features of aggregates and the thermodynamics of π–π stacking such as electrostatic interactions, size and geometry of the dye molecules are covered in this review. A comparison of the binding strength is made for different classes of functional π-conjugated systems, from simple benzene to more extended polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules, including triphenylenes and hexabenzocoronenes, heteroaromatic porphyrins and phthalocyanines, quadrupolar naphthalene and perylene bisimides, dipolar or even zwitterionic merocyanines and squaraines, and some macrocyclic dyes. Solvent effects on binding constants are analysed by linear free energy relationships with various solvent polarity scales (98 references with multiple entries).

852 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202340
2022124
2021312
2020273
2019289
2018313