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Somatosensory system

About: Somatosensory system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6371 publications have been published within this topic receiving 316900 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that patterns of cortical reorganization in SI and SII seem to parallel impaired tactile discrimination and the amount of reorganization and tactile impairment appeared to be linked to characteristics of CRPS pain.

300 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jun 2013-Nature
TL;DR: Task-dependent activation of distinct, largely non-overlapping long-range projection neurons in the whisker region of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in awake, behaving mice is shown.
Abstract: In the mammalian neocortex, segregated processing streams are thought to be important for forming sensory representations of the environment, but how local information in primary sensory cortex is transmitted to other distant cortical areas during behaviour is unclear. Here we show task-dependent activation of distinct, largely non-overlapping long-range projection neurons in the whisker region of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in awake, behaving mice. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we monitored neuronal activity in anatomically identified S1 neurons projecting to secondary somatosensory (S2) or primary motor (M1) cortex in mice using their whiskers to perform a texture-discrimination task or a task that required them to detect the presence of an object at a certain location. Whisking-related cells were found among S2-projecting (S2P) but not M1-projecting (M1P) neurons. A higher fraction of S2P than M1P neurons showed touch-related responses during texture discrimination, whereas a higher fraction of M1P than S2P neurons showed touch-related responses during the detection task. In both tasks, S2P and M1P neurons could discriminate similarly between trials producing different behavioural decisions. However, in trials producing the same decision, S2P neurons performed better at discriminating texture, whereas M1P neurons were better at discriminating location. Sensory stimulus features alone were not sufficient to elicit these differences, suggesting that selective transmission of S1 information to S2 and M1 is driven by behaviour.

300 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a new form of optical imaging in a brain slice preparation, it is found that the corticothalamocortical pathway drove robust activity in higher-order somatosensory cortex, suggesting a physiologically viable candidate for information transfer to higher- order cortical areas.
Abstract: An unresolved question in neuroscience relates to the extent to which corticothalamocortical circuits emanating from layer 5B are involved in information transfer through the cortical hierarchy. Using a new form of optical imaging in a brain slice preparation, we found that the corticothalamocortical pathway drove robust activity in higher-order somatosensory cortex. When the direct corticocortical pathway was interrupted, secondary somatosensory cortex showed robust activity in response to stimulation of the barrel field in primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF), which was eliminated after subsequently cutting the somatosensory thalamus, suggesting a highly efficacious corticothalamocortical circuit. Furthermore, after chemically inhibiting the thalamus, activation in secondary somatosensory cortex was eliminated, with a subsequent return after washout. Finally, stimulation of layer 5B in S1BF, and not layer 6, drove corticothalamocortical activation. These findings suggest that the corticothalamocortical circuit is a physiologically viable candidate for information transfer to higher-order cortical areas.

299 citations

Book
01 Oct 1982
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the evolution of the Parietal Lobe in Monkeys and Man and the role of Neurones in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex, as well as some of the factors that influence Cellular Activity.
Abstract: I. Introduction.- II. Anatomy and Evolution of the Parietal Lobe in Monkeys and Man.- A. Anatomy.- B. Evolution.- III. Functional Properties of Neurones in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex.- A. Comments About Methods.- B. Movement and Orientation Selective Neurones in SI.- C. Receptive Field Integration and Submodality Convergence in SI.- D. Influence of Attention on Neuronal Function in SI.- IV. Neural Connections in the Posterior Parietal Lobe of Monkeys.- A. Connections of Area 5.- B. Connections of Area 7.- C. Summary of Connections.- V. Symptoms of Posterior Parietal Lesions.- A. Humans.- 1. Visuo-Spatial Disorientation.- 2. Defects in Eye Movements.- 3. Misreaching.- 4. Constructional Apraxia.- 5. Unilateral Neglect.- 6. Gerstmann Syndrome.- B. Monkeys.- 1. Visuo-Spatial Disorientation.- 2. Defects in Eye Movements.- 3. Misreaching.- 4. Unilateral Neglect.- 5. Somatic Deficits.- C. Comparison of Monkeys and Man.- VI. Electrical Stimulation of Posterior Parietal Lobe.- A. Monkey.- B. Man.- VII. Neuronal Activity in Area 5.- A. Sensory Properties.- B. Motor Properties.- C. Sensorimotor Interaction in Area 5.- VIII.Neuronal Activity in Area 7.- A. Visual and Oculomotor Mechanisms.- 1. Visual Fixation Neurones.- 2. Visual Tracking Neurones.- 3. Saccade Neurones...- 4. Visual Sensory Neurones.- B. Somatic Mechanisms.- 1. Cutaneous Responses.- 2. Kinaesthetic Responses.- 3. Activity Related to Somatic Movements.- C. Convergence of Somatic and Visual Functions.- D. Behavioural Mechanisms.- E. Effects of Drugs.- IX. Vestibular and Auditory Responses in the Parietal Lobe.- A. Vestibular Responses.- B. Auditory Responses in Area Tpt.- X. Regional Distribution of Functions in Area 7.- A. Mapping Methods.- B. Distribution of Responses.- 1. Visual Responses.- 2. Somatic Responses.- 3. Combined Responses from Several Modalities.- C. Somatotopy in Area 7.- D. Functional Differentiation.- XI. Modification of Area 7 and Functional Blindness After Visual Deprivation.- A. Visual Deprivation.- B. Deprivation Effects on the Visual Pathways.- C. Deprivation Effects on Area 7.- XII. Functional Role of Parietal Cortex.- A. Somatosensory Cortex.- B. Parietal Association Cortex.- 1. Sensory Functions.- a) Visual Functions.- b) Somaesthetic Functions.- c) Vestibular and Auditory Functions.- 2. Motor Functions.- a) Eye Movements.- b) Somatic Movements.- c) The Command Hypothesis.- d) The Corollary Discharge Hypothesis.- 3. Behavioural Functions.- a) Sensorimotor Interaction.- b) Spatial Schema.- c) Motivation-Intention-Attention.- d) Plasticity, Learning, Memory.- 4. Cellular Machinery.- a) Functional Organization.- b) Methodological Difficulties.- c) Factors That Influence Cellular Activity.- C. Parietal Lobe as a Whole.- References.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory cues to the maintenance of stance in humans and found that the amplitude of body sway induced by visual surround motion could be almost 3 times greater than the amplitudes of the visual stimulus in normal subjects and subjects with Vestibular loss.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory cues to the maintenance of stance in humans. Postural sway was induced by full-field, sinusoidal visual surround rotations about an axis at the level of the ankle joints. The influences of vestibular and somatosensory cues were characterized by comparing postural sway in normal and bilateral vestibular absent subjects in conditions that provided either accurate or inaccurate somatosensory orientation information. In normal subjects, the amplitude of visually induced sway reached a saturation level as stimulus amplitude increased. The saturation amplitude decreased with increasing stimulus frequency. No saturation phenomena were observed in subjects with vestibular loss, implying that vestibular cues were responsible for the saturation phenomenon. For visually induced sways below the saturation level, the stimulus-response curves for both normal subjects and subjects experiencing vestibular loss were nearly identical, implying (1) that normal subjects were not using vestibular information to attenuate their visually induced sway, possibly because sway was below a vestibular-related threshold level, and (2) that subjects with vestibular loss did not utilize visual cues to a greater extent than normal subjects; that is, a fundamental change in visual system "gain" was not used to compensate for a vestibular deficit. An unexpected finding was that the amplitude of body sway induced by visual surround motion could be almost 3 times greater than the amplitude of the visual stimulus in normal subjects and subjects with vestibular loss. This occurred in conditions where somatosensory cues were inaccurate and at low stimulus amplitudes. A control system model of visually induced postural sway was developed to explain this finding. For both subject groups, the amplitude of visually induced sway was smaller by a factor of about 4 in tests where somatosensory cues provided accurate versus inaccurate orientation information. This implied (1) that the subjects experiencing vestibular loss did not utilize somatosensory cues to a greater extent than normal subjects; that is, changes in somatosensory system "gain" were not used to compensate for a vestibular deficit, and (2) that the threshold for the use of vestibular cues in normal subjects was apparently lower in test conditions where somatosensory cues were providing accurate orientation information.

296 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023463
2022986
2021238
2020233
2019234