Showing papers on "Sovereignty published in 1994"

The territorial trap: The geographical assumptions of international relations theory

Abstract: Even when political rule is territorial, territoriality does not necessarily entail the practices of total mutual exclusion which dominant understandings of the modern territorial state attribute to it. However, when the territoriality of the state is debated by international relations theorists the discussion is overwhelmingly in terms of the persistence or obsolescence of the territorial state as an unchanging entity rather than in terms of its significance and meaning in different historical‐geographical circumstances. Contemporary events call this approach into question. The end of the Cold War, the increased velocity and volatility of the world economy, and the emergence of political movements outside the framework of territorial states, suggest the need to consider the territoriality of states in historical context. Conventional thinking relies on three geographical assumptions ‐ states as fixed units of sovereign space, the domestic/foreign polarity, and states as ‘containers’ of societies...

The sovereign state and its competitors : an analysis of systems change

Abstract: List of Maps and TablesPrefaceIntroduction3Pt. IContingency, Choice, and Constraint9Ch. 1Structural Change in International Relations11Ch. 2Organizational Variation and Selection in the International System22Ch. 3Modes of Nonterritorial Organization: Feudalism, the Church, and the Holy Roman Empire34Pt. IIThe Emergence of New Modes of Organization59Ch. 4The Economic Renaissance of the Late Middle Ages61Ch. 5The Rise of the Sovereign, Territorial State in Capetian France77Ch. 6The Fragmentation of the German Empire and the Rise of the Hanseatic League109Ch. 7The Development of the Italian City-states130Pt. IIICompetition, Mutual Empowerment, and Choice: The Advantages of Sovereign Territoriality151Ch. 8The Victory of the Sovereign State153Pt. IVConclusion181Ch. 9Character, Tempo, and Prospects for Change in the International System183Notes195Bibliography265Index285

The state and the nation: changing norms and the rules of sovereignty in international relations

Abstract: The international relations literature regularly embraces sovereignty as the primary constitutive rule of international organization. Theoretical traditions that agree on little else all seem to concur that the defining feature of the modern international system is the division of the world into sovereign states. Despite differences over the role of the state in international affairs, most scholars would accept John Ruggie's definition of sovereignty as “the institutionalization of public authority within mutually exclusive jurisdictional domains.” Regardless of the theoretical approach however, the concept tends to be viewed as a static, fixed concept: a set of ideas that underlies international relations but is not changed along with them. Moreover, the essence of sovereignty is rarely defined; while legitimate authority and territoriality are the key concepts in understanding sovereignty, international relations scholars rarely examine how definitions of populations and territories change through-out history and how this change alters the notion of legitimate authority.

Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small Peoples of the North

Abstract: Introduction: The Small Peoples of the NorthPART I. SUBJECTS OF THE TSARCHAPTER 1. The Unbaptized The Sovereign's Profit The Sovereign's ForeignersCHAPTER 2. The Unenlightened The State and the Savages The State and the Tribute PayersCHAPTER 3. The Uncorrupted High Culture and the Children of Nature The Empire and the AliensPART II. SUBJECTS OF CONCERNCHAPTER 4. The Oppressed Aliens as Neighbors and Tribute Payers as Debtors The Russian Indians and the Populist IntellectualsCHAPTER 5. The Liberated The Commissariat of Nationalities and the Tribes of the Northern Borderlands The Committee of the North: The Committee The Committee of the North: The NorthPART III. CONQUERORS OF BACKWARDNESSCHAPTER 6. The Conscious Collectivists Class Struggles in a Classless Society Hunting and Gathering under SocialismCHAPTER 7. The Cultural Revolutionaries The War against Backwardness The War against EthnographyCHAPTER 8. The Uncertain Proletarians The Native Northerners as Industrial Laborers The North without the Native Northerners The Long Journey of the Small PeoplesPART IV. LAST AMONG EQUALSCHAPTER 9. The Socialist Nationalities Socialist Realism in the Social Sciences Fiction as HistoryCHAPTER 10. The Endangered Species Planners' Problems and Scholars' Scruples The Return of Dersu Uzala Perestroika and the Numerically Small Peoples of the NorthConclusionBibliography Index -- Cornell University Press

The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy

Abstract: This exploration of the Jewish political tradition elucidates a long, rich, and diverse experience of both sovereignty and dispersed statelessness. It holds insights, as Zvi Gitelman points out in his introductory chapter, for anyone interested comparative and ethnic politics, Jewish history, and the prehistory of contemporary Israeli politics. Stuart Cohen analyzes the "covenant idea" and the constitutional character of ancient Israel, which had a profound influence on Western political thought through the medium of the Bible. Gerald Blidstein examines rabbinic strategies for accommodation to the realities of Jewish dispersion in the middle Ages, while Robert Chazan focuses on communal authority and self-governance in the same period. Jonathan Frankel and Paula Hyman move the study into modern times with attempts to characterize the diverse patterns of Jewish political culture and activity in different parts of Europe, in the process revealing the dynamics of political cultural influence. Finally, Peter Medding looks at the "new politics" of contemporary American Jews - as voters, as public officials, and as organizational actors.

The Permanent Crisis of a Divided Mankind: ‘Contemporary Crisis of the Nation State’ in Historical Perspective

Abstract: It is said that the people are sovereign; but over whom? – over themselves, apparently. The people are thus subject. There is surely something equivocal if not erroneous here, for the people which command are not the people which obey. It is enough, then, to put the general proposition, ‘The people are sovereign’, to feel that it needs an exegesis…. The people, it will be said, exercise their sovereignty by means of their representatives. This begins to make sense. The people are the sovereign which cannot exercise sovereignty…(Joseph De Maistre, Study on Sovereignty)Someone was speaking to Sieyes of the scorn that his detractors continually affect for what they call ‘grand theories’. ‘Theories’, he said, ‘are the practice of centuries; all their practices are the theory of the passing moment!(Pierre Louis Roederer)1

Institutional selection in international relations: state anarchy as order

Abstract: By the end of the medieval era, three new competing institutions attempted to capture gains from trade and reduce feudal particularism: sovereign territorial states, cityleagues, and city-states. By the middle of the seventeenth century, city-leagues and city-states had declined markedly. Territorial states survived as the dominant form because they were able to reduce free riding, lower transaction costs, and credibly commit their constituents. The selection process took place along three dimensions. First, sovereign territorial states proved competitively superior in the economic realm. Second, states increasingly recognized only other sovereign territorial states as legitimate actors in the international system. Third, other actors defected to or copied the institutional makeup of sovereign territorial organization. The emergence of discrete territorial units in which only sovereign authorities represented their citizens as the predominant type of organization in international affairs created a new solution to the problem of markets and hierarchies.

Political Ideas and Concepts: An Introduction

Abstract: Introduction - Politics, Government and the State - Sovereignty, the Nation and Supranationalism - Power, Authority and Legitimacy - Law, Order and Justice - Rights, Obligations and Citizenship - Democracy, Representation and the Public Interest - Human Nature, the Individual and Society - Freedom, Tolerance and Liberation - Equality, Social Justice and Welfare - Property, Planning and the Market - Reaction, Reform and Revolution

Between the Norm and the Exception: The Frankfurt School and the Rule of Law

Abstract: Introduction: recovering the rule of law. Part 1 Carl Schmitt meets Karl Marx: a totalitarian concept of the political the social rule of law. Part 2 Legality and legitimacy: parliamentary legality or plebiscitary dictatorship? the unfinished agenda of rational law. Part 3 Sovereignty and its discontents: the permanent state of emergency beyond state sovereignty. Part 4 Toward the democratic rule of law: a democratic concept of the political between the norm and the exception. Conclusion: the presence of the past.

The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire

Abstract: (1994). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 184-185.

Modern Law of Self-Determination.@@@Nation Against State. A New Approach to Ethnic Conflicts and the Decline of Sovereignty.@@@Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts.

Abstract: The turmoil in Yugoslavia, the rebellions of the Kurds and Shi???is in Iraq, the ongoing struggle in South Africa???ethnic conflict continues unabated in many areas of the world.To help us understand the persistence of such conflict, this pioneering work analyzes ethnopolitical conflict in every region of the globe. An ambitious and unprecedented effort, it provides a comprehensive survey of 233 politically active communal groups, plus in-depth assessments of ethnic tensions in the western democracies, the former Soviet bloc, the Middle East, and Africa.By identifying these groups and examining their disadvantages and grievances, Minorities at Risk attempts to explain why disadvantaged groups mobilize, and it evaluates strategies that have successfully reduced ethnic conflict in the past, including autonomy, pluralism, and power sharing.This provocative and well-written volume challenges conventional wisdom and raises the discussion about a widespread but little-understood phenomenon to a higher level.

Citizens without Sovereignty: Equality and Sociability in French Thought, 1670-1789

Abstract: In a wide-ranging interpretation of French thought in the years 1670-1789, Daniel Gordon takes us through the literature of manners and moral philosophy, theology and political theory, universal history and economics to show how French thinkers sustained a sense of liberty and dignity within an authoritarian regime. A penetrating critique of those who exaggerate either the radicalism of the Enlightenment or the hegemony of the absolutist state, his book documents the invention of an ethos that was neither democratic nor absolutist, an ethos that idealized communication and private life. The key to this ethos was "sociability," and Gordon offers the first detailed study of the language and ideas that gave this concept its meaning in the Old Regime. Citizens without Sovereignty provides a wealth of information about the origins and usage of key words, such as societe and sociabilite, in French thought. From semantic fields of meaning, Gordon goes on to consider institutional fields of action. Focusing on the ubiquitous idea of "society" as a depoliticized sphere of equality, virtue, and aesthetic cultivation, he marks out the philosophical space that lies between the idea of democracy and the idea of the royal police state. Within this space, Gordon reveals the channels of creative action that are open to citizens without sovereignty--citizens who have no right to self-government. His work is thus a contribution to general historical sociology as well as French intellectual history. Originally published in 1994. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Defining the Common Good: Empire, Religion and Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Britain

Abstract: Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The figure of Cicero 2. A classical landscape 3. State and empire 4. The limits of sovereignty and obligation 5. The common good, toleration and freedom of thought 6. 'Alternatives' to the common good 1774-1776 Conclusion Bibliography Index.

Discourse on political economy and The social contract

Abstract: Book I: the subject of the first book the first societies the right of the strongest slavery that it is always necessary to go back to an original convention the social pact the sovereign the civil state. Book II: that sovereignty cannot be transfered that sovereignty cannot be divided whether the general will can err the limits of sovereign power the right of life and death the law the legislator the people the same continued the same continued the various systems of legislation the categories of law. Book III: government in general the constituent principle of the various forms of government the classification of governments democracy aristocracy monarchy mixed forms of government that not all forms of government are suitable for every country the signs of good government the abuse of government and its tendency to degenerate the death of the body politic how sovereign authority is maintained the same continued the same continued deputies or representatives that the institution of a government is not a contract the institution of government a means of preventing government from usurping power. Book IV: that the general will is indestructible voting elections the Roman "Comitia" the tribunate the office of dictator the office of censor the civil religion. Appendix: the general society of the human race.

The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited

Abstract: As many as seven Conferences nationales (CNs) took place in French-speaking Africa between February 1990 and January 1993, all against the background of the apparent ‘wind of change’ which is sweeping across the continent where democratic governance is eventually to replace authoritarian rule. In Benin, the assembly of delegates that met during 19–28 February 1990 was supposed to be representative of all social, religious, professional, and political interest groups whose aim was to introduce a constitutional liberal democracy. This CN managed to gain acceptance of the sovereignty which it had declared on the second day — namely, that all its decisions would be legal and binding. The authority of President Matthieu Kerekou was thus effectively emasculated, whilst the elections which were timetabled and held a year later, finally unseated him after 20 years in power. In Togo, General Gnassingbe Eyadema was able to reject the sovereignty claimed. by the CN, held from 8 July to 28 August 1991, as the balance of power was firmly in his favour.

New times for the military: some sociological remarks on the changing role and structure of the armed forces of the advanced societies

Abstract: ABS I RAC I This paper explores the impact of the post-Cold War era on the social structure of the armed forces of the advanced societies. The end of the Cold War is viewed as one aspect of a broader social transformation. These 'New Times' are defined in terms of the growth of risk complexity, globalization, the relocation of political authority to transnational and subnational agencies, challenges to national sovereignty, and the impact of globalized communications on the relationship between politics and public opinion. The paper shows how armed forces are seeking to redefine their role and redesign their structures in order to address the international and domestic challenges posed by these 'New Times'. The range of missions is being broadened and significant changes in the co-ordination of military and political decision-making are taking place. In response to strategic and financial pressures, armed forces are not only becoming smaller, they are also seeking to achieve greater flexibility in their organization structures. At the same time, armed forces have to respond to pressures from wider society to conform to civilian values such as social equality, as is reviewed in current debates on the position of women and homosexual personnel in the sel vices.

Rumania, 1866-1947

Abstract: From the mid-nineteenth century until the Second World War, the energies of Rumanian political and intellectual elites were absorbed by the building of their nation. In this comprehensive and scholarly study Keith Hitchins traces these complex processes and explores how Rumania's leaders attempted to transform the ideology of modern nationhood into strong political, economic, and social institutions and to find ways of preserving independence in an international political and economic order dominated by the great powers. As the new Rumania took shape, the threads of historical continuity remained strikingly evident: in government a strong administrative centralization prevailed, despite the maturing of parliamentary institutions and the diversity of political expression; the national economy remained beholden to agriculture, despite the steady growth of industry; and in cultural life traditional values persisted, despite the adoption of modern forms. In foreign relations the most pressing aim was to unite all Rumanians in a single state and to defend its sovereignty within an uncertain international order. In all these endeavours, the measure of achievement was the West. After the Second World War, when the Communist Party came to power, this historical continuity was broken. The experiment in nation-building gave way to a new ideology, and Rumania now turned to the Soviet political and economic model.

Politics in an antipolitical age

Abstract: Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Politics in an Antipolitical Age. 2. The Paradox of Equality. 3. Citizens and Responsibilities. 4. Worlds out of Kilter: The Politics of Balance and Change. 5. What is Television for? The Pursuit of Quality. 6. The Power of the Weak. 7. The Reimagination of the Public Sector. 8. Reticulated Organisation: The Birth and Death of the Mixed Economy. 9. The Renewable Energies of Politics. 10. Democracy Beyond Sovereignty: The Shape of a Postmodern World Order (with Helen Wilkinson). Index.

International Theory : Critical Investigations

Abstract: Acknowledgements - Notes on Contributors - Preface - Introduction: Critical Investigations J.Der Derian - THEORY AND TRADITION - Why is there no International Theory? M.Wight - The Intellectual and Political Functions of Theory H.Morgenthau - Hans Morgenthau's Principles of Political Realism J.A.Tickner - ANARCHY AND SOVEREIGNTY - Society and Anarchy in International Relations H.Bull - The Powers of Anarchy: Theory, Sovereignty, and the Domestication of Global Life R.Ashley - Anarchy is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics A.Wendt - DISCIPLINE AND POWER - The Theory of International Politics: 1919-1969 H.Bull - An American Social Science: International Relations S.Hoffmann - The Dialectics of World Order: Notes for a Future Archeologist of International Savoir Faire H.Alker & T.Biersteker - REASON AND HISTORY - International Institutions: Two Approaches R.Keohane - History and Structure in the Theory of International Relations R.B.J.Walker - Feminist Themes and International Relations J.B.Elshtain - REINVESTIGATIONS - A Reinterpretation of Realism: Genealogy, Semiology, Dromology J.Der Derian

Regional Integration: The West European Experience

Abstract: The European Union is the oldest and most highly developed example of institutionalized regional integration. Since its establishment in the early 1950s, the EU has moved from the shallow integration of dismantling trade barriers to the deep integration of accepting common policies on agriculture, environment, transport, and working conditions; common rules on competition, mergers, and financial transfers; and common laws in the domestic courts of member states. The EU experience is a successful example of integrating national economies, but how far should those promoting regional integration in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific look to the EU as a model? Can regional and global integration proceed harmoniously? Or will tensions between regional and global priorities unavoidably arise. This book, part of the Integrating National Economies series, examines the evolution of West European integration over the past forty years. William Wallace analyzes the historical circumstances under which the institutions of integration developed, and the internal tensions and contradictions created by the deepening of integration and repeated enlargements. He explains that, in recent years, deep integration has presented a challenge to national identity, forcing policymakers to confront issues of sovereignty, political commitment, and regional balance. Wallace concludes that the European experience provides a number of important, cautionary lessons for those promoting regional integration in the Western Hemisphere and the Asia-Pacific region. However, it does not offer a model that these areas can easily follow. Wallace emphasizes that the experience of West European economic integration during the cold war years will do little to reconcile global and regional integration in the post-cold war world; the political and security concerns are no longer the same. He contends that the international community must develop rules for the new global order without searching for historical parallels--as those creating the institutions of regional integration in Western Europe did in their time. A volume of Brookings' Integrating National Economies Series

Crow Dog's Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century

Abstract: Preface 1. Quantum physics 2. Which way are the photons pointing? 3. What can be hidden in a pair of photons? 4. Wonderful Copenhagen? 5. Is it all in the mind? 6. Many worlds 7. Is it a matter of size? 8. Backwards and forwards 9. Only one way forward? 10. Illusion or reality? Further reading Index.

Moral Geographies and the Ethics of Post-Sovereignty

Abstract: Global geographies are in flux. As political boundaries become increasingly ambiguous, academic discourses such as comparative politics and international relations, appear increasingly inadequate. However, it is less the case that these traditional political discourses have been made invalid by changes in the terrains to which they were thought to refer, than it is that the extended period of relative geopolitical stability during the Cold War discouraged reflection on the spatial predicates of these discourses’ intelligibility. State-centric political discourses approached adequacy only in their capacity to legitimate the authority of the state system. They helped contain ethical and political conversations with the problematics that served the centralizing authorities of states and the state system. Thus, they were complicit in reproducing modernity’s dominant, territorial imaginary.

Citizens and cities: Urban policy in the 1990s

Abstract: Citizenship - issues and definitions community and participation excluded from citizenship the local arena disorder and unrest - the uncivil city regenerating the city citizens or consumers? the sovereignty of choice conclusion - citizenship, community and democracy.

Tourism and Politics: The Implications of the Change in Sovereignty on the Future Development of Hong Kong's Tourism Industry

Abstract: Hong Kong is a world renowned city and tourism destination. Its growing tourism industry is now a vital part of its economy. Intraregional tourism has been increasing rapidly, and Hong Kong is receiving more short-haul regional tourists. Furthermore, the rapproche ment between Taiwan (ROC) and China (PRC) and the booming economy of China have led to dramatic changes in the composition of visitor arrivals to the territory in recent years. However, the current political environment and the 1997 change in sovereignty from Britain to China will inevitably impact Hong Kong's current markets and its future market position and strategies. These issues are discussed and the likelihood of a cooperative marketing strategy for the emerging greater Hong Kong area is presented.

Spaces of Dispersal

Abstract: Two entanglements, to use James Clifford's term, complicate any discussion of diaspora First, there is the entanglement of the historical formation of concepts with the experiences they describe This is a subject that Clifford addresses at length, and as he so cogently demonstrates, this entanglement plays out differently in Jewish and African diasporas Second, there is the problem of "practicing a form of discourse that [we] intend rather to analyze" (Handler 1988:18) Handler destabilizes the authority of nationalism by examining the interpenetration of nationalist ideology and social scientific theory It is in the interest of his dismantling of nationalism to clearly avoid practicing the discourse he intends to analyze The opposite approach informs Clifford's exposition of diaspora as an historical and theoretical formation Here the critique is mounted affirmatively by transvaluing diaspora, which for most of its history has been taken as a mark of failure The terms of that failure are linked to the normative ideal of national sovereignty in one form or another The inclination with respect to diaspora transvalued is to practice the form of discourse that is the object of analysis Diasporic discourse in this context is strong on displacement, detachment, uprooting, and dispersion-on disarticulation It is appealing precisely because it so easily lends itself to a strategic disaggregation of territory, people, race, language, culture, religion, history, and sovereignty Rearticulation-how the local is produced and what forms it takes in the space of dispersal-is trickier because of the risk of closure, essentialism, or premature pluralism Were we to take this project of disaggregation all the way, we would dismantle the very structure of our academic institutions, built as they are around departments of national languages and literatures and supported in many cases by foreign governments-Italy, France, Germany, Greece-through national "houses" What the rearticulation might look like is another matter If Handler dresses nationalism down, Gilroy, Mercer, and the Boyarins

European Union immigration policy: Phantom, fantasy or fact?

Abstract: Moves to complete the single European market by 1993 together with worldwide migratory pressures have forced immigration onto the European Union's political agenda. Intergovernmental co‐operation has been the preferred, but disputed method by which member states are developing a more co‐ordinated immigration and border control policy. The EC institutions have become involved despite attempts by national governments to protect sovereignty and to promote subsidiarity. The Maastricht Treaty negotiations highlighted divisions between member states and policy development has been slow. Despite introducing more restrictive immigration controls, EU states have already become countries of immigration but have yet to acknowledge this.

European Foreign Policy: The EC and Changing Perspectives in Europe

Abstract: PART ONE: INTRODUCTION Foreign Policy Theory and the New Europe - Steve Smith PART TWO: THE CHANGING FOREIGN POLICY CONTEXT OF THE NEW EUROPE Beyond the Stable State? - Michael Smith Foreign Policy Challenges and Opportunities in the New Europe The Long-Term Future of European Security - Thomas Risse-Kappen Foreign Economic Policy in the New Europe - Roger Tooze Multinational Enterprises as Actors - Gerd Junne PART THREE: FOREIGN POLICY ACTORS IN THE NEW EUROPE The Evolution of the EC/EU as a Single Foreign Policy Actor - Ben Soetendorp Tensions in Sovereignty - Frank Pfetsch Foreign Policies of EC Members Compared After Maastricht - Alfred van Staden Explaining the Movement Towards a Common European Defence Policy Testing Weak Power Theory - Hans Mouritzen Three Nordic Reactions to the Soviet Coup Changing Course - Bengt Sundelius When Neutral Sweden Chose to Join the European Community Context and Action in the Collapse of the Cold War European System - Olav F Knudsen PART FOUR: CRITIQUES What's New? - Marysia Zalewski Feminist Observations on the New Europe Resisting the Temptation of Post Foreign Policy Analysis - Ole W(scandinavian ae)ver PART FIVE: CONCLUSION In Lieu of a Conclusion - Walter Carlsnaes Compatibility and the Agency-Structure Issue in Foreign Policy Analysis