Showing papers on "Sovereignty published in 2019"

What does the notion of “sovereignty” mean when referring to the digital?:

Abstract: This article analyzes how the notion of “sovereignty” has been and is still mobilized in the realm of the digital. This notion is increasingly used to describe various forms of independence, contro...

Indigenous Data Governance: Strategies from United States Native Nations

Abstract: Data have become the new global currency, and a powerful force in making decisions and wielding power. As the world engages with open data, big data reuse, and data linkage, what do data-driven futures look like for communities plagued by data inequities? Indigenous data stakeholders and non-Indigenous allies have explored this question over the last three years in a series of meetings through the Research Data Alliance (RDA). Drawing on RDA and other gatherings, and a systematic scan of literature and practice, we consider possible answers to this question in the context of Indigenous peoples vis-a-vis two emerging concepts: Indigenous data sovereignty and Indigenous data governance. Specifically, we focus on the data challenges facing Native nations and the intersection of data, tribal sovereignty, and power. Indigenous data sovereignty is the right of each Native nation to govern the collection, ownership, and application of the tribe’s data. Native nations exercise Indigenous data sovereignty through the interrelated processes of Indigenous data governance and decolonizing data. This paper explores the implications of Indigenous data sovereignty and Indigenous data governance for Native nations and others. We argue for the repositioning of authority over Indigenous data back to Indigenous peoples. At the same time, we recognize that there are significant obstacles to rebuilding effective Indigenous data systems and the process will require resources, time, and partnerships among Native nations, other governments, and data agents.

The tensions between Indigenous sovereignty and multicultural citizenship education: Toward an anticolonial approach to civic education

Abstract: Indigenous studies complicates and advances existing notions of citizenship education, in particular, by making visible ongoing legacies of colonialism and foregrounding Indigenous sovereignty. In ...

Brexit populism and fantasies of fulfilment

Abstract: For Leave voters the Brexit referendum of 23 June 2016 was invested with hopes and dreams, of refound sovereignty and control, freedom and liberty, subjectivity and agency. Brexit was an opportunit...

The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance

Abstract: That all states are free and equal under international law is axiomatic to the discipline. Yet even a brief look at the dynamics of the international order calls that axiom into question. Mobilising fresh archival research and drawing on a tradition of unorthodox Marxist and anti-colonial scholarship, Rose Parfitt develops a new 'modular' legal historiography to make sense of the paradoxical relationship between sovereign equality and inequality. Juxtaposing a series of seemingly unrelated histories against one another, including a radical re-examination of the canonical story of Fascist Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, Parfitt exposes the conditional nature of the process through which international law creates and disciplines new states and their subjects. The result is a powerful critique of international law's role in establishing and perpetuating inequalities of wealth, power and pleasure, accompanied by a call to attend more closely to the strategies of resistance that are generated in that process.

Tracing the terrain of Indigenous food sovereignties

Abstract: Food sovereignty scholars are increasingly re-conceptualizing sovereignty by accounting for its diverse expressions across space according to specific histories, identities, and local socio-ecologi...

Rethinking Populism: Peak democracy, liquid identity and the performance of sovereignty

Abstract: Despite the burgeoning literature on right-wing populism, there is still considerable uncertainty about its causes, its impact on liberal democracies and about promising counter-strategies. Inspired by recent suggestions that (1) the emancipatory left has made a significant contribution to the proliferation of the populist right; and (2) populist movements, rather than challenging the established socio-political order, in fact stabilize and further entrench its logic, this article argues that an adequate understanding of the populist phenomenon necessitates a radical shift of perspective: beyond the democratic and emancipatory norms, which still govern most of the relevant literature. Approaching its subject matter via democratic theory and modernization theory, it undertakes a reassessment of the triangular relationship between modernity, democracy and populism. It finds that the latter is not helpfully conceptualized as anti-modernist or anti-democratic but should, instead, be regarded as a predictable feature of the form of politics distinctive of today's third modernity.

“Our Bodies Are Not Terra Nullius”: Building a Decolonial Feminist Resistance to Gendered Violence

Abstract: Gendered violence is historically and presently a colonial tool that wields power over and against Indigenous peoples, attempting to destroy or erase their sovereignty and lives. Decolonization is ...

(Big) data and the north-in-south: Australia's informational imperialism and digital colonialism

Abstract: Australia is a country firmly part of the Global North, yet geographically located in the Global South. This North-in-South divide plays out internally within Australia given its status as a British settler-colonial society which continues to perpetrate imperial and colonial practices vis-a-vis the Indigenous peoples and vis-a-vis Australia’s neighboring countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This article draws on and discusses five seminal examples forming a case study on Australia to examine big data practices through the lens of Southern Theory from a criminological perspective. We argue that Australia’s use of big data cements its status as a North-in-South environment where colonial domination is continued via modern technologies to effect enduring informational imperialism and digital colonialism. We conclude by outlining some promising ways in which data practices can be decolonized through Indigenous Data Sovereignty but acknowledge these are not currently the norm; so Australia’s digital colonialism/coloniality endures for the time being.

Migration As Decolonization

Abstract: International migration is a defining problem of our time, and central to this problem are the ethical intuitions that dominate thinking on migration and its governance. This Article challenges existing approaches to one particularly contentious form of international migration, as an important first step towards a novel and more ethical way of approaching problems of the movement of people across national borders. The prevailing doctrine of state sovereignty under international law today is that it entails the right to exclude non-nationals, with only limited exceptions. Whatever the scope of these exceptions, so-called economic migrants—those whose movement is motivated primarily by a desire for a better life—are beyond them. Whereas international refugee law and international human rights law impose restrictions on states’ right to exclude non-nationals whose lives are endangered by the risk of certain forms of persecution in their countries of origin, no similar protections exist for economic migrants. International legal theorists have not fundamentally challenged this formulation of state sovereignty, which justifies the largely unfettered right to exclude economic migrants. This Article looks to the history and legacy of the European colonial project to challenge this status quo. It argues for a different theory of sovereignty that makes clear why, in fact, economic migrants of a certain kind have compelling claims to national admission and inclusion in countries that today unethically insist on a right to exclude these migrants. The European colonial project involved the out-migration of at least 62 million Europeans to colonies across the world between the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century alone. It also involved movement in the reverse direction of human and natural resources, overwhelmingly for the benefit of Europe and Europeans. This Article details how global interconnection and political subordination initiated over the course of this history generates a theory of sovereignty that obligates former colonial powers to open their borders to former colonial subjects. Insofar as certain forms of international migration today are responsive to political subordination rooted in colonial and neocolonial structures, a different conceptualization of such migration is necessary, one that engages economic migrants as political agents exercising equality rights when they engage in “de-colonial” migration.

From frontiers to borders: the origins and consequences oflinear borders in international politics

Abstract: This thesis offers a theoretical analysis of the process by which borders have come to be precise, fixed, mappable, and infinitely thin lines traced over the surface of the earth. I argue that accounts of global modernity should understand the linearization of borders as a process related to, but relatively autonomous from processes of state formation and other structures and processes typically associated with global modernity. In other words, linear borders have their own causes and consequences, which the thesis aims to unpack. The contribution of the thesis lies within debates on the historical origins of modern international relations which often overlook the history of borders through a focus on sovereignty. The thesis theorizes modern linear borders as an outcome of ‘survey rationality’, drawing on theories of rationalization. Survey rationality is a mode of territorial governance which conceives of the location of predefined borders as a technical and non-political question, and therefore susceptible to measurement and calculation through surveys and other technologies. The central argument of the thesis is that survey rationality on its own is not a natural or necessary part of territorial rule, but must be articulated with other historically particular rationalities in order to be effective in practice. I illustrate this argument historically by examining two such historically particular rationalities: first, the logic of agrarian capitalism in the English colonies of North America, and secondly, the logic of the civilizing mission in the ‘Scramble for Africa’. Finally, I show how international politics are different in a world of formally linearized borders. Linear borders underpin hierarchies by altering the distribution of geographical knowledge resources, for example at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, and they contribute to a modular pattern of territorial partition, from Mysore and Poland in the 18th century to Vietnam and Korea in the 20th.

Reconfiguring sovereignty: crisis, politicization, and European integration

Abstract: The Eurozone and migration crises have reconfigured sovereignty in the European Union. The Eurozone has moved from an outright prohibition to a conditional acceptance of bailouts, and the Schengen ...

In the Service of Kaiser and King: State Sovereignty, Nation-building, and the German Army, 1866-1918

Abstract: From its creation during the Wars of Unification (1864-71) until its defeat at the end of the First World War, the German army remained a federal institution. To be sure, the imperial constitution recognized the Kaiser as commander-in-chief of Germany’s land forces. Under the Kaiser’s direction, the Prussian war ministry prepared the military budget and the Prussian General Staff drafted operational plans for future wars. A patchwork of military agreements nevertheless limited the authority of the Kaiser and Prussia’s military leaders over nearly onequarter of the German army. According to these agreements, separate war ministries, cadet schools, and general staffs oversaw the arming, clothing, feeding, housing, and training of Bavarians, Saxons, and Württembergers, while the monarchs of Germany’s three smaller kingdoms determined personnel appointments, the deployment of units, and even the design of insignia and uniforms. The army’s contingent-based structure ensured that Prussians and non-Prussians served alongside, but only rarely with, one another after 1871. Based on research in archives and libraries in Germany, Austria, England, and the United States, this dissertation explores the means by which the smaller armies of Bavaria,

Unpacking old and new conflicts of sovereignty in the European polity

Abstract: In the post-Maastricht era, member states of the European Union (EU) have proved increasingly reluctant to transfer further competences to the supranational level and are willing to safeguard their...

Good data practices for indigenous data sovereignty and governance

Abstract: Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDS) and Indigenous Data Governance (IDG) are terms increasingly being used across community, research, policy and in practice. The IDS movement has emerged in response to poor data practices, from the conceptualisation of data items through to reporting of data about Indigenous peoples. This chapter aims to provide clarity concerning the definitions of IDS and IDG; provide an overview of the historical context in which IDS has emerged; and provide examples of IDS and IDG across the spectrum of community, policy and practice. Raymond Lovett (Wongaibon/Ngiyampaa) is an Associate Professor and leader of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health program at the National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University. Ray is a social epidemiologist with extensive experience in health services research, public health policy development and health program evaluation. He is a founding member of the Indigenous Data Sovereignty group in Australia (Maiam Nayri Wingara) and is a member of the International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest group at the Research Data Alliance. Vanessa Lee (Yupungathi and Meriam people, Cape York and the Torres Strait), is a social epidemiologist and senior academic within the discipline of Behavioural and Social Sciences in the Faculty of Health Sciences at University of Sydney. Vanessa’s overarching focus addresses the social issues of the burden of disease to break the cycle of inequality that potentially lead to suicide in First Nations communities, and to strengthen the health and wellness of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural identity, particularly for women. She is a founding member of the Indigenous Data Sovereignty group in Australia Maiam Nayri Wingara. Tahu Kukutai (Ngāti Tīpa, Ngāti Kinohaku, Te Aupōuri) is Professor of Demography at the National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, University of Waikato. Tahu specialises in Māori and Indigenous demographic research and has written extensively on issues of Māori population change, Māori identity and official statistics. Tahu is a founding member of the Māori Data Sovereignty Network Te Mana Raraunga and co-editor (with John Taylor) of Indigenous Data Sovereignty: Toward an Agenda (ANU Press). She was previously a journalist. Donna Cormack (Kāti Mamoe, Kai Tahu) is a senior lecturer and researcher with joint positions at Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, University of Auckland and Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, Univeristy of Otago. Donna has had a long-standing interest in data issues, particularly as they relate to measuring and monitoring Māori health and ethnic health inequities. She is a member of the Te Mana Raraunga Māori Data Sovereignty Network. Stephanie Carroll Rainie (Ahtna Athabascan), MPH, DrPH, is Assistant Professor, Public Health Policy and Management at the Community, Environment and Policy Department, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health; Assistant Research Professor, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy (UC); Associate Director and Manager – Tribal Health Program for the Native Nations Institute in the UC; and Assistant Director for the Center for Indigenous Environmental Health Research, MEZCOPH at the University of Arizona (UA). Stephanie's research explores the links between governance, health care, the environment, and community wellness. Stephanie is the co-founder of the United States Indigenous Data Sovereignty Network and the International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest Group at the Research Data Alliance. Jennifer Walker (Haudenosaunee), PhD, is a Canada Research Chair in Indigenous Health and Assistant Professor, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University. She is the Indigenous Lead at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Ontario, Canada. Jennifer works to support and advance the governance and use of population health data by Indigenous nations to address community health and wellbeing. Her program of research integrates Indigenous perspectives on multi-morbidity and culturally safe care for Indigenous older adults. Jennifer is a member of the Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest group at the Research Data Alliance.

Governable places : readings on governmentality and crime control

Abstract: Introduction - the place of governance studies in law and criminology governmentality and the problem of crime crime control, governmentality and sovereignty criminalization and gender - the changing governance of sexuality and gender violence in Hawaii preventing crime - "social" versus "community" government in Aotearoa/New Zealand governmentality, neo-liberalism and dangerousness governing the young consuming risks - harm minimization, risk management and the government of drug users policing, postmodernism and transnationalization beyond the law - the virtual reality of post-communist privatization mapping urban space - governmentality and cartographic struggles in inner-city Vancouver an intrusive and corrective government - political rationalities and the governance of plains aboriginals 1870-1890.

What is new and what is nationalist about Europe's new nationalism?: Explaining the rise of the far right in Europe

Abstract: Far right parties are on the rise across Europe. Their shared populist rhetoric, emphasis on sovereignty and policies that promote a ‘national preference’ has facilitated the term ‘the new nationalism’. According to an emerging consensus, this new nationalism is primarily a demand-side phenomenon triggered by cultural grievances, i.e. a cultural backlash, driven by those on the wrong end of a new transnational cleavage. This explanation we argue, tends to overlook important variations across countries and across time. As such, in this article, we contest the view that the ‘new nationalism’ is a linear and coherent phenomenon best understood as a cultural backlash. Specifically, using data from the 7th (2014) wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) and the 2017 Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP/MARPOR) dataset, we pose a threefold argument: (1) it is important to conceptually distinguish between populism, nationalism and the far right in order to draw meaningful conclusions about the extent to which this phenomenon is linear, coherent and comparable across cases; (2) voters’ economic concerns remain pivotal within the context of the transnational cleavage, entailing that voting behavior is structured by two dimensions of contestation; (3), the explanatory power of nationalism is in the supply, i.e. the ways in which parties use nationalism strategically in an attempt to broaden their appeal.

Polycentric Sovereignty: The Medieval Constitution, Governance Quality, and the Wealth of Nations

Abstract: We extend the theory of market-preserving federalism by ascertaining under what conditions it is likely to prevail. We argue that political-economic systems characterized by polycentric sovereignty — a self-enforcing structure of political property rights that links governance rights with governance revenues, and affords holders of political property rights a check on potentially predatory behavior — will promote market-preserving federalism. We show how the estates system of Medieval Europe was an example of polycentric sovereignty. We also show how the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution represented a degradation of polycentric sovereignty. We conclude by discussing the relationship between governance systems characterized by polycentric sovereignty and social wealth creation, arguing that the structure of political property rights in a governance system is an important characteristic that has hitherto been neglected.

Evolution and devolution : the dynamics of sovereignty and security in post-Cold War Europe

Abstract: Realism and liberalism sovereignty and the modern nation-state Western Europe's security regime nationalism on the European continent the southern flank the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction security integration and the memberstate European security integration European defense-industrial integration conclusion.

Reform, Justice, and Sovereignty: A Food Systems Agenda for Environmental Communication

Abstract: Food ecologies and economies are vital to the survival of communities, non-human species, and our planet. While environmental communication scholars have legitimated food as a topic of inquiry, the...

Territorial sovereignty and the end of inter-cultural diplomacy along the “Southern frontier”:

Abstract: European politics at the turn of the 19th century saw a dramatic reduction in the number and diversity of polities as the territorial nation-state emerged as the dominant form of political organiza...

Penal power and border control: Which thesis? Sovereignty, governmentality, or the pre-emptive state?

Abstract: This article provides a critical review of key theoretical positions relevant to border control and sets out an agenda for developing these ideas. In 2005 Mythen and Walklate published a theoretica...

The technical is political: settler colonialism and the Australian Indigenous policy system

Abstract: Contemporary Australian Indigenous policy changes rapidly and regularly fails to deliver its stated aims. Additionally, political and social relationships between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islan...

Disciples of the State?: Religion and State-Building in the Former Ottoman World

Abstract: As the Ottoman Empire crumbled, the Middle East and Balkans became the site of contestation and cooperation between the traditional forces of religion and the emergent machine of the sovereign state. Yet such strategic interaction rarely yielded a decisive victory for either the secular state or for religion. By tracing how state-builders engaged religious institutions, elites, and attachments, this book problematizes the divergent religion-state power configurations that have developed. There are two central arguments. First, states carved out more sovereign space in places like Greece and Turkey, where religious elites were integral to early centralizing reform processes. Second, region-wide structural constraints on the types of linkages that states were able to build with religion have generated long-term repercussions. Fatefully, both state policies that seek to facilitate equality through the recognition of religious difference and state policies that seek to eradicate such difference have contributed to failures of liberal democratic consolidation.

Cosmopolitanism and Communitarianism – How Globalization Is Reshaping Politics in the Twenty-First Century

Abstract: This chapter presents the theoretical framework and research design of the book. Drawing on cleavage theory, we argue that the new fault lines around globalization can no longer be captured along the classic redistributional left-right axis. From debates in political philosophy, we infer a distinction between ‘cosmopolitans’, who advocate open borders, universal norms, and supranational authority, and ‘communitarians’, who defend border closure, cultural particularism and national sovereignty. We also distinguish two hybrid positions, which we label ‘liberal nationalism’ and ‘regionalism’. In terms of processes of social structuration underlying conflicts related to globalization, we distinguish three explanations: an economic one, centred around the differential materials costs and benefits for various collective actors; a cultural one, centred around access to transnational cultural capital and a political one that captures the differing degree to which actors have access to supranational forums of decision-making. Finally, we introduce the book’s research design, the rationale behind the choice of countries and issues, and the main methods used to investigate them.

Data Sovereignty and Data Space Ecosystems

Abstract: Data analytics/artificial intelligence and business process automation require an ever-increasing wealth of data. To remain competitive, organizations cannot just use internal and publicly available data sources, but need information also from external individuals and organizations. As, e.g., supply chains evolve into highly flexible supply and demand networks, much of the required data exchange cannot be prepared any longer by lengthy human negotiations but must be semi-automatically negotiated, executed and monitored for contractual and legal compliance. Furthermore, on top of exchanging data within a business network, an increasing number of innovative business services requires data sharing, i.e., the joint use of data from different sources within the network. An example is collaborative predictive maintenance which is based on the analysis of and learning from production process data from several manufacturing companies using the same production machinery. Every machine operator provides data in order to benefit from better maintenance services. The more operators contribute, i.e., share their data, the greater the benefit for each one of them. Technologies used today include, among other things, mappings between heterogeneous data source schemas, automated data transformation, fast parallel query processing and machine learning for information fusion, and blockchains for traceability. Several recent BISE special issues have addressed such topics individually. In practice, data exchange and sharing often happen via open or semi-open platforms, around which data and service ecosystems have evolved. Such platforms can be the intended side effect of main services such as search (e.g., Google), social networking (e.g., Facebook), entertainment (e.g., Netflix), or trade (e.g., eBay, Amazon, Otto), or much more specialized regional platforms such as the smart farming ecosystem around the farm equipment provider Claas in Germany. So far, the majority of ecosystems has been driven by keystone players. Due to network effects (the value of a network grows quadratically with the number of participants), these platforms often quickly reach monopolistic or at least oligopolistic situations. If knowledge-intensive user organizations operate on such platforms, the enormous amount of deep knowledge in their data can create threats for the competitive advantage of whole engineering-intensive industries, and makes them susceptible to disruptive new competitors from completely different industries. However, not taking advantage of digitalization and the resulting chances for data mining and process automation is obviously not an option either. Prof. Prof. (OM) Dr. M. Jarke (&) Information Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany e-mail: jarke@dbis.rwth-aachen.de

Once Bitten, Twice Shy? Investment Disputes, State Sovereignty, and Change in Treaty Design

Abstract: More than 3,000 international investment agreements (IIAs) provide foreign investors with substantive protections in host states and access to binding investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). In recent years, states increasingly have sought to change their treaty commitments through the practices of renegotiation and termination, so far affecting about 300 IIAs. The received wisdom is that this development reflects a “backlash” against the regime and an attempt by governments to reclaim sovereignty, consistent with broader antiglobalization trends. Using new data on the degree to which IIA provisions restrict state regulatory space (SRS), we provide the first systematic investigation into the effect of ISDS experiences on state decisions to adjust their treaties. The empirical analysis indicates that exposure to investment claims leads either to the renegotiation of IIAs in the direction of greater SRS or to their termination. This effect varies, however, with the nature of involvement in ISDS and with respect to different treaty provisions.

Ethics of AI and Cybersecurity When Sovereignty is at Stake

Abstract: Sovereignty and strategic autonomy are felt to be at risk today, being threatened by the forces of rising international tensions, disruptive digital transformations and explosive growth of cybersecurity incidents. The combination of AI and cybersecurity is at the sharp edge of this development and raises many ethical questions and dilemmas. In this commentary, I analyse how we can understand the ethics of AI and cybersecurity in relation to sovereignty and strategic autonomy. The analysis is followed by policy recommendations, some of which may appear to be controversial, such as the strategic use of ethics. I conclude with a reflection on underlying concepts as an invitation for further research. The goal is to inspire policy-makers, academics and business strategists in their work, and to be an input for public debate.