Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.

Comparing responses of grain legumes, wheat and canola to applications of superphosphate

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a major deficiency of soils of south-western Australia (WA) The fertilizer P requirements are not known for grain legumes being evaluated for neutral to alkaline, fine textured soils in WA To rectify this, glasshouse and field experiments were undertaken to compare the responses of several grain legume species, wheat and canola to applications of single superphosphate and the results are reported in this paper The glasshouse experiments measured responses of dried tops, harvested at 26 to 42 days after sowing, to P that was freshly-applied (current P) and previously-applied (previous P) Responses in the glasshouse were measured using yield, P concentration and P content (P concentration multiplied by yield) of oven dried tops of the following: wheat (Triticum aestivum), canola (Brassica napus), faba bean (Vicia faba), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), field pea (Pisum sativum), albus lupin (Lupinus albus) and narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) Field experiments in 1994 and 1995 compared seed (grain) yield responses of faba bean, chickpea, lentil, albus lupin and wheat to applications of current P The P was banded (drilled) with the seed while sowing at 5 cm depth Canola and wheat produced very large yield responses to increasing applications of current P Responses were much smaller for albus lupin, faba bean and chickpea Responses for lentil, narrow leaf lupin and field pea, fell in between responses of the small and large seeded species Similar trends for responses were obtained as measured using yield, P concentration, or P content For soils treated with previous P, similar trends were observed as for current P, but differences in yield responses between species were much less marked and the response curves tended to become more sigmoid In the field experiments, grain yield responses to current P of albus lupin and chickpea were less than that for wheat Relative to wheat, faba bean was the most responsive grain legume to applications of current P, with lentil producing similar responses to wheat in one experiment at a newly cleared, P deficient site

Planting Date, Hybrid Maturity, and Weather Effects on Maize Yield and Crop Stage

Abstract: 303 Planting date and hybrid maturity are two major strategies used worldwide for crop adaptation and mitigation to manage for unfavorable growing conditions. Planting date (PD) and hybrid relative maturity (RM) decisions set the yield potential of maize in each environment. Together with the prevailing weather, these two factors control the length of the growing season in which the crop accumulates radiation that is positively correlated with grain yield (Lindquist et al., 2005). For field crops it is accepted that early planting with a full-season RM has greater yield potential than a late planting with a short-season RM (Richards, 1996), because the larger length of the growing season allows for greater use of resources such as radiation, water, and nutrients by the crop (Andrade et al., 2000; Tsimba et al., 2013a; Parker et al., 2016). However, yield is particularly sensitive to growth and partitioning during critical periods (Andrade et al., 2000; Vega et al., 2001), an early PD and full-season hybrid does not guarantee a high grain yield because other factors such as drought, heat, and nutrient stresses can reduce grain yield during the season (Edmeades et al., 2000). According to the literature, the optimum planting window for maize in the US Corn Belt was determined to be the last week of April (Nafziger, 1994). Within each state, there are different optimum planting window recommendations, depending on location (Sindelar et al., 2010; Abendroth et al., 2017). When maize is planted prior to or later than this optimum window, a yield decline can be observed (Zhou et al., 2016). The optimum timeframe for maize establishment usually refers to the mean weather conditions and does not apply every year. The reality is that year-to-year weather variability and poor soil conditions in the spring forces farmers to frequently plant outside the optimum window. Very early planting increases the probability of poor planting conditions due to cold, wet soils, resulting in a negative impact on plant emergence (Parker et al., 2016). For that reason, replanting maize is a practice that increases the operation cost (Benson, 1990). On the other hand, very late planting is associated with reduction in growing season length and accumulation of radiation (Nielsen et al., 2002). In the US Corn Belt, farmers typically select the hybrids to use several months before the planting season. They make decisions based on university extension or seed company recommendations for average weather years that are usually limited Planting Date, Hybrid Maturity, and Weather Effects on Maize Yield and Crop Stage

The Effect of Mode of Application of Bacillus subtilis RB14‐C on its Efficacy as a Biocontrol Agent Against Rhizoctonia solani

Abstract: Bacillus subtilis RB14-C, which produces the antibiotic iturin A, was investigated for its effectiveness as a biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia solani infecting tomato using seed coating and/or direct introduction of the bacteria to the soil. The ability of RB14-C to colonize plant roots and produce iturin A in soil, depending on the method of bacterial application, was also determined. Seed coating and the combined treatment (soil and seed bacterization) did not protect seedlings against damping-off caused by R. solani. By contrast, RB14 introduced only to the soil controlled the disease. The total number of RB14-C bacteria on the roots of plants grown from coated seeds was significantly lower than on the roots of plants grown in soil mixed with the bacteria. In the combined treatment, application of B. subtilis with seeds to soil preinoculated with this bacterium, at first suppressed the population of RB14-C in the soil. Then the colonization was generally uniform. The concentration of iturin A in non-planted soil was highest at the beginning of the experiment (i.e. after application of the bacterial suspension) but then decreased, and was undetectable 3 days after incubation. However, after seed planting the antibiotic was produced again around young roots. Bacteria introduced to the soil as a seed coating also released the antibiotic around the seeds.

Effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination and seedling vigour in endive and chicory

Abstract: 3 treatment reduced plant growth of both species. The present study suggests that KNO 3 and secondly GA 3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform seedling emergence and plant development in nurseries and/or in greenhouses, which is easily applicable by nursery workers with economic profits.

Coating seeds with endophytic fungi enhances growth, nutrient uptake, yield and grain quality of winter wheat

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess whether seed coating with microbial consortium based on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices BEG72, Glomus mossae and Trichoderma atroviride MUCL 45632 could improve seedling establishment, yield and grain quality (protein content and mineral composition) of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). As a first step, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a growth chamber to verify the capability of seed coating with endophytic fungi to promote emergence and plant growth of wheat seedlings. Two additional experiments were carried out under open field conditions, to evaluate the effects of coating with beneficial fungi on SPAD index, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield, grain quality and mineral composition of winter wheat. In the growth chamber experiment, 17 days after sowing, the SPAD index, the number of leaves, shoot and root dry biomass of seedlings were significantly higher by 10.0%, 28.6%, 23.1% and 64.2%, in coated as compared to uncoated wheat seeds. In the open field trials, use of the uncoated seeds led to a significant reduction in grain yield by 24.3% and 7.7%, during the first and second growing season, respectively, compared to the coated seeds. Grain quality of wheat, in particular protein content, K, P, Fe and Zn concentrations were improved by AM fungi and Trichoderma inoculation. Uncoated wheat plants exhibited a strong variation of yield between the two growing cycles (2.8 and 3.6 t ha -1 for 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively) in comparison to coated seeds (3.7 and 3.9 t ha -1 for 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively). The increase in grain yield and yield stability